scholarly journals Mesenterialis actinomycosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Adrienn Biró ◽  
László Ternyik ◽  
Katalin Heckel ◽  
István Bálint ◽  
Zsolt Káposztás
Keyword(s):  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Retroperitoneal Mass ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Histology Result ◽  
Team Decision ◽  
Colon Transversum

Összefoglaló. Egy 46 éves nőbeteg esetét ismertetjük, akinél láz és görcsös hasi fájdalom miatt kezdődött kivizsgálás. A hasi ultrahangvizsgálat során a colon transversum területén megvastagodott falú konglomerátum volt látható. A kolonoszkópia során organikus eltérés nem igazolódott. A hasi komputertomográfiás vizsgálat retroperitonealis térfoglalást írt le, ezért onkológiai bizottság javaslata alapján műtét mellett döntöttünk. Egy hónappal a panaszok jelentkezése után megtörtént a műtét, melynek során úgy tűnt, hogy egy megközelítőleg 5 × 8 centiméteres, a vékonybélből kiinduló, a colon ascendenst és a sigmabelet is érintő, daganatnak imponáló terimét találtunk. Jobb oldali hemicolectomiát végeztünk, és reszekáltuk a sigmabélfal részletét. A szövettani vizsgálat malignitást nem igazolt, hanem a bélfallal összefüggést nem mutató, mesenterialis actinomycosist írt le. A hasi, mesenterialis actinomycosis ritka kórkép, mégis fontos, hogy gondoljunk rá mint differenciáldiagnosztikai lehetőségre, így a beteg a lehető leghamarabb megkaphatja a megfelelő kezelést. Esettanulmányunk bemutatásával a kórkép ismeretének fontosságára szeretnénk felhívni a figyelmet. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 116–119. Summary. We present the case of a 46-year-old female, who presented with fever and abdominal pain. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a thickened-walled conglomerate near the transvers colon. Colonoscopy did not show any organic abnormality. Abdominal computed tomography described a retroperitoneal mass, so we decided on surgery based on the multidisciplinary team decision. One month after the onset of symptoms, laparotomy was performed, and it seemed that we found an approximately 5 × 8 centimetre tumour attached to the small intestine involving the ascending and sigmoid colon. We performed right hemicolectomy and sigmoid colon wall resection. Histology result showed mesenteric actinomycosis with no connection to the intestinal wall, no malignancy was revealed. Although the abdominal, mesenteric actinomycosis is a rare disease, it is important to think of it as a differential diagnostic option, so the patient can get proper treatment and cured sooner. Our aim with presenting this case report is to highlight the significance of this disease. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(3): 116–119.

scholarly journals Abdominal Ultrasonography in Cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
K. Munday ◽  
P. Mudron
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Healthy Cattle

Abstract The main goal of this study was to design and propose specific abdominal zones that would contain the gastrointestinal organs in healthy cattle when scanned with trans-abdominal ultrasound. The second goal was to measure the intestinal wall thicknesses of the cranial duodenum, jejunum and colon and to compare healthy cattle intestinal wall thicknesses with pathological cases. All of the six healthy cattle had organs located in the zones proposed. Three of the four pathological cases had organs outside of the zones proposed. The six healthy cattle had an average cranial duodenum wall thickness of 2.45 mm, an average jejunum wall thickness of 1.90 mm and an average colon wall thickness of 3.02 mm. Of the pathological cases, three out of four had intestinal walls that were thicker than that of the average values for the healthy cattle. The thickest intestinal walls were found in the paratuberculosis positive cow. This cow had a cranial duodenum wall thickness of 9.5 mm, a jejunum wall thickness of 4.9 mm and a colon wall thickness of 10.0 mm. In conclusion, trans-abdominal ultrasonography has the potential to be an ideal diagnostic tool for the investigation of the bovine gastrointestinal tract and gastrointestinal disorders such as abscesses, peritonitis and displacement of the abomasum. Trans-abdominal ultrasound also has the potential to be a non-painful, non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of proliferative intestinal inflammations in cattle.

scholarly journals Development of the Stiffenable Exoskeleton Device for a Colonoscopy

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
JungHun Choi ◽  
R. H. Sturges
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Flexible Colonoscope ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Exoskeleton Device

Colonoscopy provides a minimally invasive tool for examining and treating the colon without surgery, but current colonoscope designs still cause a degree of pain and mechanical trauma to the colon wall. The most common colonoscopes are long tubes inserted through the rectum with fiber optic lights, cameras, and biopsy tools on the distal end. The stiffness required to support these tools makes it difficult for the scopes to navigate the twisted path of the colon without causing mechanical trauma inside the colon wall or distorting its shape. The shaft of the colonoscope often causes looping (alpha, reverse alpha, or n), and it is very difficult to advance the distal tip of the colonoscope with looping. In order to avoid looping and minimize mechanical trauma, the author expanded on a design by Zehel et al., who proposed surrounding a flexible colonoscope with an external exoskeleton structure with controllable stiffness. The stiffenable exoskeleton device is comprised of rigid, articulating tubular units, which are stiffened or relaxed by four control cables. The stiffened or relaxed exoskeleton device guides navigation and provides stability for the colonoscope when it protrudes beyond the exoskeleton device for examination and procedures. This research determined the design requirements of such an exoskeleton device and tested requirements of such an exoskeleton device and tested its behavior in a colonoscopy training model. Moreover, the stiffenable exoskeleton device can be operated in purely a mechanical way, which is safe as a class II medical device, and no additional modification of the colonoscope is needed to use the stiffenable exoskeleton device. Colonoscopy training model is used to test the stiffenable exoskeleton device. First, the endoscopist inserted the colonoscope into the colonoscopy training model up to the end of the stiffenable exoskeleton device along the shaft of the colonoscope to the distal tip of the colonoscope, and then locked the stiffenable exoskeleton device and advanced the shaft of the colonoscope to examine the colon. When the distal tip reached the cecum, he or she unlocked the stiffenable exoskeleton device, retracted the shaft of the colonoscope and the stiffenable exoskeleton device, and checked for polyps or other colon disease. Also, the endoscopist can insert the stiffenable exoskeleton device and a colonoscope alternatively by stiffening and releasing the exoskeleton device. In that way, endoscopist can advance the colonoscope and the exoskeleton structure inch-by-inch without causing mechanical trauma in the rectum and the sigmoid colon. The endoscopist tested the stiffenable exoskeleton device using the colonoscopy training model and fulfilled its objectives. Several other diagnostic procedures involving the stomach, esophagus and the nose could also benefit due to the improvements provided by the stiffenable exoskeleton technology.

scholarly journals Intraoperative Control of Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation in the Intestinal Wall during Anastomosis Surgery

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Daniil M. Kustov ◽  
Tatiana A. Savelieva ◽  
Timofey A. Mironov ◽  
Sergey S. Kharnas ◽  
Vladimir V. Levkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Taylor Series Expansion ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Hemoglobin Saturation ◽  
Intraoperative Control

During surgery for colon cancer, monitoring of the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the tissues under study makes it possible to assess the degree of blood supply to the anastomosis areas of the colon. Adequate blood supply in this area is decisive in terms of the consistency of the anastomosis and can significantly reduce the risk leakage of anastomosis. In this work, we propose a new approach to assessing the hemoglobin oxygen saturation based on measuring both the diffuse reflectance and transmittance spectra of the colon wall tissues. The proposed method is based on the use of two fiber-optic tools for irradiation from both sides—the intestinal lumen and the outside of the intestinal wall. The spectra are recorded from the external side. To determine the degree of hemoglobin saturation, two algorithms, both based on the Taylor series expansion of the coefficient of light attenuation by tissues, are proposed. The results of a clinical study of the proposed approach on volunteers were obtained, allowing to draw a conclusion about the applicability of the approach in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Sigmoid Colon in an Infant: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
luyao wu ◽  
xinyao meng ◽  
xiaoyi sun ◽  
tianqi zhu ◽  
donghai yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Colon Anastomosis ◽  
Lower Abdomen ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration

Abstract Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT), an infrequent mesenchymal lesion composed of myofibroblastic and fibroblastic spindle cells with inflammatory infiltration, mostly occurred in pediatric patients. IMT has been reported in a number of locations throughout the body. However, the cases occurred in the gastrointestinal tract, especially those involving the sigmoid colon in pediatric patients, are very rare and even have not been reported. Here we present a case of a large IMT originating from the sigmoid colon and invading the omentum and the surrounding tissues in an 11-month-old boy. Case presentation: The patient is an 11-month-old boy initially presenting with symptoms of fever and vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound revealed an inhomogeneous echo with a size of 9.9*4.6 cm in the left lower abdomen. Abdomen computed tomography (CT) scanning confirmed that a mass with a size of 10*8*6 cm located in the left middle and lower abdomen. Post-operative pathological examination confirmed the histopathologic diagnosis of IMT. Complete resection of the tumor along with the involved colon segments were performed and followed by end-to-end colon anastomosis. The boy recovered well without postoperative complications or recurrence during one-year follow-up. Conclusions: Colon IMT is extremely rare; its etiology and pathogeny are unclear. Imaging examination may provide reliable evidence for determining IMT. However, postoperative histopathologic examination is also important for the final diagnosis. Complete tumor excision, accompanied by rare recurrence and satisfying survival, is the best therapeutic approach at present. This case report may complete the clinical presentation of IMT by reminding physicians not to ignore the possibility of IMT in the colon.

Acute Colonic Pseudo-obstruction and Volvulus: Pathophysiology, Evaluation, and Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Joshua Underhill ◽  
Emily Munding ◽  
Dana Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Sigmoid Colectomy ◽  
Cecal Volvulus ◽  
Endoscopic Decompression

AbstractAcute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) and volvulus are two disease processes that affect the colon causing abdominal distension and may necessitate operation intervention. ACPO may be associated with multiple comorbidities, infectious diseases, and cardiac dysfunction. It may be treated with conservative management including endoscopic decompression or neostigmine. If the distension is not addressed, high mortality may result if peritonitis develops. Volvulus most commonly occurs in the sigmoid colon or cecum. If left-sided, endoscopic decompression may resolve the obstruction if detorsion is successful, although sigmoid colectomy should be performed during the admission. If cecal volvulus is identified, right hemicolectomy should be performed.

scholarly journals Management of patients with ulcerative colitis with account of microbiological examination of bioptate of colon wall

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
O. E. Davydova ◽  
P. S. Andreev ◽  
S. E. Katorkin ◽  
A. V. Lyamin ◽  
I. V. Kiseleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Working Age

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common disease with the evident tendency to annual increase in incidence. The disease mostly affects young individuals of active working age. The peak of incidence of the disease is observed at the age of 20-29 and 50-55 years. The aim of study was optimization of diagnostics and management of patients with ulcerative colitis by correction of antibacterial therapy on the basis of the data of microbiological examination of the microflora of the wall of colon. Materials and Methods. 35 Patients with ulcerative colitis from 28 to 61 years of age with the average age 37.6 years who underwent outpatient and stationary treatment in colonoproctology and gastroenterology departments of SamSMU clinics in the period from January to May 2017 were examined. Of them, 18 were males (48.6%) and 17 females (51.4%). Results. Significant species diversity of microflora was identified that requires exact species identification and development of standard procedures for isolation of microorganisms from bioptates of patients with ulcerative colitis with the aim of administration of antibacterial treatment. In analysis of sensitivity of the isolated strains to antibiotics 45% of the isolated microorganisms were found to have signs of resistance to 1-2 groups of medical drugs, and 33% showed signs of resistance to 3 and more groups. Only 22% of strains were found to be sensitive to all tested preparations. Eradication of such flora presents certain difficulties, and in our opinion, requires administration of combined therapy after examination of bioptate. Conclusions. All patients with ulcerative colitis require examination of the microbial composition of the intestinal wall for optimization of diagnostics and treatment. 105-106 titer of microorganisms, their wide species diversity may support inflammation in the colon and prevent relief. It is necessary to continue study of microbiological composition of the colonic wall in the comparative aspect for optimization of diagnostics and management of patients with ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals Peritoneal catheter obstruction by sigmoid colon wall

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1032
Author(s):  
Motonishi Shuta ◽  
Ishibashi Yoshitaka ◽  
Kawarazaki Hiroo ◽  
Katagiri Daisuke ◽  
Hirata Yugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Peritoneal Catheter ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Catheter Obstruction

scholarly journals Two-dimensional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound of intestinal ischaemia in cats: four cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-390
Author(s):  
Nikolina Linta ◽  
Marco Baron Toaldo ◽  
Sara Del Magno ◽  
Pascaline Pey ◽  
Manuela Quinci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Doppler ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Visual Assessment ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Power Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Intestinal Ischaemia ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Iatrogenic Damage

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the results of two-dimensional (2D) and contrast-enhancement ultrasound (CEUS) in four cats with intestinal ischaemia. Methods Data were collected from hospital records of all cats that had intestinal ischaemia between January 2012 and August 2018. The inclusion criteria were complete abdominal ultrasound examination, colour flow Doppler and CEUS of lesions, confirmation of intestinal ischaemia detected by visual assessment of avascular intestinal segment at surgery, and/or necropsy and histopathology. All images and video clips were reviewed by the same experienced operator. Results Four cats with different intestinal ischaemic lesions were included in the study: duodenal perforating ulcer, jejunal necrotising enteritis, necrosis secondary to jejunojejunal intussusception and iatrogenic damage of jejunal arteries. On the 2D ultrasound, all intestinal lesions were characterised by non-specific findings: focal hypoechoic wall thickening with loss of normal layering associated with hyperechoic mesentery surrounding the intestinal tract. CEUS showed a reduced or absent enhancement of the intestinal lesions in comparison to the surrounding perfused wall. Conclusions and relevance Intestinal ischaemia is a potentially fatal disorder. Grey-scale, colour and power Doppler ultrasonography are not sensitive for evaluating this condition. Our preliminary findings illustrate the usefulness of CEUS for the detection of intestinal wall impaired perfusion in cats.

Development of a Colonoscope Sheath Device for Colonoscopy

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
JungHun Choi ◽  
David Drozek
Keyword(s):  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Training Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Minimally Invasive Procedure ◽  
Complicated Shape ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Flexible Stem

Endoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure using instruments that pass through the body for diagnostic purposes and minimizes the risks associated with open surgery. Colonoscopy can viewed as an endoscopic procedure of the colon. Colonoscopy may cause extreme discomfort to the patient and also carries the risks of perforating the lining of the colon, splenic ruptures, or bleeding. The technology is an endoscope that has an exoskeleton structure of controllable stiffness and a highly flexible stem. The device saves the patient from the pain caused by the shaft of a colonoscope when it is guided from the anus to the end of the sigmoid colon. The stiffenable sheath guides the shaft of the colonoscope up to the end of the sigmoid colon to avoid looping the shaft of the colonoscope. A prototype of the device was built and tested to validate its effectiveness. In order to further improve the performance of the device, skilled endoscopists tested and validated the device using a colonoscopy training model. The colonoscopy training model is comprised of a configurable rubber colon, a human torso, a display, and sensing part. It measures the forces caused by the distal tip and the shaft of the colonoscope and the pressure to open up the lumen. The force sensors at the rubber colon constraints measure the forces, and the real-time display panel will show the results to the colonoscopist and record the data for analysis. The endoscopy sheath device improves the process of endoscopy by reducing the mechanical trauma and loops caused by the shaft of the endoscope. With the guide provided by the colonoscope sheath, the forces to the constraints of a colon are significantly decreased in the sigmoid colon. The colonoscope sheath helps to reduce the force to constraints of the colon and isolates the direct contact between the shaft of a colonoscope and a colon wall up to the end of the sigmoid colon. For the complicated shape of the colon, the endoscopy sheath also solved possible looping problems. The colonoscope training model effectively measures the forces and makes it possible to validate the effectiveness of the endoscopy sheath.

scholarly journals Probiotics prevent growth deficit of colon wall strata of malnourished rats post-lactation

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirlene P. Lima ◽  
Jorge F. de Azevedo ◽  
Catchia Hermes-Uliana ◽  
Gilberto Alves ◽  
Débora M.G. Sant'ana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcian Blue ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Colon Wall ◽  
Histological Processing ◽  
Growth Deficit

The objective of this study was to analyze morphometrically the colon wall strata of malnourished rats supplemented with probiotics. Sixteen recently weaned Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were distributed into four groups: animals that received commercial chow (G1, n = 4); animals that received the same feed as G1 and were supplemented with probiotics (G2, n = 4); animals that received chow with 4% of proteins (G3, n = 4); animals that received the same feed as G3 and were supplemented with probiotics (G4, n = 4). After 12 weeks, the proximal colon was collected and submitted to histological processing. Three-µm cuts were stained with H.E., Periodic Acid Schifff (P.A.S.) + diasthasis solution and Alcian Blue (A.B.) pH 2.5 and pH 1.0. The morphometric analysis of the intestinal wall showed that the supplementation with ABT-4 probiotic culture prevents the growth deficit of colon wall strata that normally occurs in malnourished rats right after lactation. Besides, no alteration was observed in the proportion of the number of globet cells in relation to the number of enterocytes in malnourished rats, regardless of the supplementation with probiotics.

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