Market structure and horizontal growth strategies – A case study of the container shipping industry

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Khoi Tran
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
The Waves ◽  
External Growth

Abstract This article aims to review the structural transformation in the container shipping industry from 1995 to 2020 and identify the growth strategies of global carriers to enhance their market presence. Along with large investments in mega vessels, the growing deployment of charter capacity in all ship sectors has been a prominent trend in fleet expansion. The waves of mergers/acquisitions and bankruptcies have narrowed the group of global carriers. In addition to internal and external growth, they have been increasingly involved in strategic alliances to expand service coverage and compete well with powerful rivals. A few mega carriers have progressively captured the industry. In 2020, the Top 12 controlled 88 % of the global supply, and nearly 56 % was in the hands of the Top 4. Besides the substantial expansion of the four biggest carriers, we can identify the de-concentration within this gigantic group through the less inequality between their market shares.

External growth strategies and organizational performance in emerging markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saad Alaaraj ◽  
Zainal Abidin Mohamed ◽  
Ummi Salwa Ahmad Bustamam
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Strategic Alliance ◽  
Organizational Trust ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Growth

Purpose Inter-organizational trust has a vital role in any external trade relationship. However, there are not many studies relating to growth strategies and inter-organizational trust in firms in emerging markets. The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare the effect of external growth strategies on the organizational performance of companies and to examine the mediating role of inter-organizational trust between growth strategies and organizational performance. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from 240 senior managers from public listed companies (PLCs) in Malaysia and were analyzed using analysis of a moment structures. Findings The findings indicate that growth strategies have a significant effect on organizational performance. Strategic alliances and acquisitions also have significant effects on organizational performance. Moreover, inter-organizational trust fully mediates the effect of growth strategies on organizational performance. Research limitations/implications As purposive sampling was used, selecting only managers with experience of the issues concerned, any common findings are likely to be generalizable to managers in similar situations. Practical implications Building inter-organizational trust among companies and relying on strategic alliance and acquisition, rather than merger, will sharpen their competitiveness and enable them to survive and thrive. Social implications The increase in organizational performance of PLCs will have a significant effect on employment and on gross domestic product (GDP), which will have a beneficial effect on citizens. Originality/value Studies that are related to these variables in emerging economies are still in their infancy. This study compared the effect of external growth strategies and contributed to the literature in the area of trust and external growth strategies.

Retail Suburbanization, Modernization, and Growth in Sydney during Australia’s Postwar Boom

2021 ◽  
pp. 009614422110236
Author(s):  
Matthew Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
And Function ◽  
Retail Formats ◽  
Car Driving

This article uses Sydney as a case study to examine the process of retail decentralization during Australia’s postwar boom, showing how the form and function of capital city retailing changed completely in just a couple of decades. Suburban migration, the emergence of mobile car-driving consumers, socially constructed gender roles, the ongoing importance of public transport networks, planning regimes that sought to concentrate development in designated zones, and business growth strategies that deployed retail formats developed in America all played a role in shaping the form and function of Australian retailing during the postwar boom. In the process, the retail geographies of Australia’s capital cities were transformed from highly centralized distribution structures dominated by the urban core, to decentralized landscapes of retail clusters featuring modern retail forms like the supermarket and shopping center that would come to define Australian retailing for the remainder of the century.

scholarly journals Rapid Truck Loading for Efficient Feedstock Logistics

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Robert “Bobby” Grisso ◽  
John Cundiff ◽  
Subhash C. Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Exchange Time ◽  
Productivity Factor ◽  
Truck Loading ◽  
Storage Location ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Optimum Productivity ◽  
Feedstock Logistics

A multi-bale handling unit offers an advantage for the efficient hauling of round bales. Two empty racks on trailers are left at a satellite storage location for loading while a truck tractor delivers two loaded racks to the biorefinery, thus uncoupling the loading and hauling operations and increasing the efficiency of both. The projected 10 min trailer exchange time equals the projected 10 min unload time at the biorefinery achieved by lifting off the two full racks and replacing them with two empties, a technology adapted from the container shipping industry. A concept is presented for a bale loader that latches onto the rack/trailer and loads bales into the bottom tier chambers. This machine will load 10 bales into the rack on the front trailer by attaching on to the front of the trailer and 10 bales into the rear trailer by attaching onto the rear. A telehandler removes bales from single-layer storage and places them in the bale loader to load the bottom tier compartments. The top tier compartments are loaded directly from the top. Expectations are that an experienced operator can average 9 loads in a 10 h workday, and load-out cost is estimated as 3.61 USD/Mg, assuming the average achieved load-out productivity over annual operation is 60% of optimum productivity (24 Mg/h) equal to 14.4 Mg/h. Cost increases to 4.81 USD/Mg when the productivity factor drops to 45%, and cost is 3.09 USD/Mg for a factor of 70%.

scholarly journals An Energy Consumption Approach to Estimate Air Emission Reductions in Container Shipping

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Ernest Czermański ◽  
Giuseppe T. Cirella ◽  
Aneta Oniszczuk-Jastrząbek ◽  
Barbara Pawłowska ◽  
Theo Notteboom
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Container Shipping ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Energy Efficiency Design Index ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Container shipping is the largest producer of emissions within the maritime shipping industry. Hence, measures have been designed and implemented to reduce ship emission levels. IMO’s MARPOL Annex VI, with its future plan of applying Tier III requirements, the Energy Efficiency Design Index for new ships, and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan for all ships. To assist policy formulation and follow-up, this study applies an energy consumption approach to estimate container ship emissions. The volumes of sulphur oxide (SOx), nitrous oxide (NOx), particulate matter (PM), and carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from container ships are estimated using 2018 datasets on container shipping and average vessel speed records generated via AIS. Furthermore, the estimated reductions in SOx, NOx, PM, and CO2 are mapped for 2020. The empirical analysis demonstrates that the energy consumption approach is a valuable method to estimate ongoing emission reductions on a continuous basis and to fill data gaps where needed, as the latest worldwide container shipping emissions records date back to 2015. The presented analysis supports early-stage detection of environmental impacts in container shipping and helps to determine in which areas the greatest potential for emission reductions can be found.

Strategic alliances of shopping centers in Brazil: network perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria de Almeida Bastos Gomes ◽  
Fabio de Oliveira Paula ◽  
T. Diana L. van Aduard de Macedo-Soares
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Alliance Networks ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Contractual Arrangements ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Relational Factors ◽  
The Right

Purpose The shopping center (SC) industry in emerging countries has grown fast over the past decade; however, recently, it is showing signs of slowing down. Nevertheless, some SC-companies perform well. As those firms operate in alliance networks, relational opportunities and risks should be considered in their strategic analyses. Although there is a significant amount of research on SC from a marketing perspective, there is a dearth of research on strategic alliances from an SC management perspective. This paper aims at answering the following question: How do characteristics of the alliance networks of leading SC-companies contribute to their success by mitigating the structural threats the SC-industry in Brazil is facing? Design The case study method was adopted for analyzing two leading Brazilian SC-companies. Several data sources were used to allow for data triangulation. The lack of literature on strategic alliances and the SC-industry, as well as the research’s exploratory nature, justified this choice. Findings The research made evident that the SC-companies’ alliance network characteristics not only mitigate some of the structural industry threats but also enhance opportunities. It illustrated how firms can conduct a strategic analysis from a network perspective with the right tools. It also made evident how much more accurate the results of a comprehensive relational analysis are compared with traditional analyses that do not consider the strategic implications of relational factors. Practical implications The research contributed to SC management by highlighting the importance of taking into account the network characteristics of their relationships with key partners and of considering these as alliances and not merely contractual arrangements. Originality/value There is a dearth of research on the strategic implications of alliances of firms that own and manage a portfolio of SCs, as well as of their relationships with other actors in the industry, such as retailers and real estate owners, from a network perspective.

SWOT APPLICATION ON DETERMINING SHIP YARD DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: A CASE STUDY

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Ikhwan Syahtaria ◽  
Sukarno Sukarno ◽  
Ali Mashudi ◽  
Edy Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Ship Building ◽  
Sea Transportation ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government

Sea transportation is a major factor connecting the islands of Indonesia which has strategic and important value in supporting the sustainability of the national economy. Along with the government's policy on the sea highway program and the development of the domestic shipping industry, the growth of the commercial fleet, especially vessels, is currently experiencing rapid progress. In supporting the government program and the demand for reparation and procurement of new ships in domestic production, readiness is required from the shipyard. However, the current condition of the shipyard is only able to meet 83% of the demand for new shipbuilding so that the shipyard still needs to be developed in order to improve its capabilities, so that it can meet the needs and be able to carry out its functions in accordance with the progress of shipping technology. In this study discusses the strategy of developing shipbuilding using qualitative descriptive methods and quantitative SWOT analysis. In this case study shipyard development strategy by increasing the ability of shipyards to meet the demands of ship building by increasing supporting facilities and accompanied by increasing the ability of human resources in the mastery of science and technology. Besides also by conducting cooperation with the domestic shipping industry in the procurement of supporting partsKeywords: Shipyard, Maintenence, SWOT Analysis, Developmen Strategy

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