Generation of lignin polymer models via dehydrogenative polymerization of coniferyl alcohol and syringyl alcohol via several plant peroxidases involved in lignification and analysis of the resulting DHPs by MALDI-TOF analysis

Holzforschung ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Shigeto ◽  
Hiroki Honjo ◽  
Koki Fujita ◽  
Yuji Tsutsumi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Coniferyl Alcohol ◽  
Populus Alba ◽  
Polymer Formation ◽  
Polymer Models ◽  
Plant Peroxidases ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution ◽  
Dehydrogenative Polymerization

AbstractThe mechanism of lignin dehydrogenative polymerization (DHP), made by means of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), was studied in comparison with other plant peroxidases. Interestingly, HRP is efficient for guaiacyl type polymer formation (G-DHPs), but is not efficient in the case of syringyl type DHPs (S-DHPs). It was previously demonstrated that lignification-relatedArabidopsisthalianaperoxidases, AtPrx2, AtPrx25 and AtPrx71, and cationic cell-wall-bound peroxidase (CWPO-C) fromPopulus albaare successful to oxidize syringyl- and guaiacyl-type monomers and larger lignin-like molecules. This is the reason why in the present study the DHP formation by means of these recombinant peroxidases was tested, and all these enzymes were successful for formation of both G-DHP and S-DHP in acceptable yields. CWPO-C led to S-DHP molecular size distribution similar to that of isolated lignins.

Studies on the dehydrogenative polymerizations of monolignol β-glycosides. Part 2: Horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed dehydrogenative polymerization of isoconiferin

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Tobimatsu ◽  
Toshiyuki Takano ◽  
Hiroshi Kamitakahara ◽  
Fumiaki Nakatsubo
Keyword(s):  
Horseradish Peroxidase ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Homogeneous System ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Coniferyl Alcohol ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Spectroscopic Analyses ◽  
Dehydrogenation Polymer ◽  
Dehydrogenative Polymerization

Abstract Dehydrogenative polymerization of isoconiferin (IC; coniferyl alcohol γ-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was carried out. The polymerization of IC proceeded in a homogeneous system, resulting in a water-soluble dehydrogenation polymer (IC-DHP). The degree of polymerization (DP) of IC-DHP was significantly higher than that of a standard dehydrogenative polymer (CA-DHP) obtained from coniferyl alcohol (CA) in a heterogeneous system. Under optimum conditions, the DP of IC-DHP was 44 (M n=1.5×104), whereas that for CA-DHP was only 11 (M n=3.0×103, as acetate). Spectroscopic analyses confirmed that IC-DHP has a lignin-like structure containing D-glucose moieties attached to the lignin side-chains. The D-glucose unit introduced into γ-O position of CA essentially influenced the water solubility and molecular mass of the resulting DHP.

scholarly journals Purification and partial characterization of a peroxidase from plant cell cultures of Cassia didymobotrya and biotransformation studies1

1998 ◽  
Vol 331 (2) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto VITALI ◽  
Bruno BOTTA ◽  
Giuliano DELLE MONACHE ◽  
Sabrina ZAPPITELLI ◽  
Paola RICCIARDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Coniferyl Alcohol ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Plant Peroxidases

An acidic peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) produced by cell suspension cultures of Cassia didymobotrya(wild senna) was purified from culture medium collected on the 29th day. The enzyme was shown to be a glycoprotein with a pI of 3.5, a molecular mass of approx. 43 kDa by SDS/PAGE and 50 kDa by gel filtration. The N-terminal sequence was very similar to those of other plant peroxidases. The peroxidase was characterized by a high specificity towards coniferyl alcohol and other natural phenolics such as guaiacol and ferulic and caffeic acids. These findings suggest that the enzyme is involved in lignification processes of the cell wall. Moreover, the enzyme was able to catalyse the oxidation of 4,3´,4´-trihydroxychalcone and 4,3´,4´-trihydroxy-3-methoxychalcone to the corresponding 3,3´-biflavanones, as mixtures of racemic and mesoforms.

scholarly journals Analysis of the molecular size of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) fruit polyuronides by gel filtration and low-speed sedimentation equilibrium

1987 ◽  
Vol 245 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
G B Seymour ◽  
S E Harding
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Sedimentation Equilibrium ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

The cell-wall structures of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) and other fruit are intimately linked with the nature of their polyuronides. Cell-wall polyuronides from unripe and ripe tomato fruit were isolated and purified and their molecular size and molecular-size distributions were compared. It was demonstrated that there is a considerable decrease in the weight-average Mr upon ripening (from 160,000 +/- 10,000 to 96,000 +/- 4000) and a corresponding increase in polydispersity, particularly at the low-Mr end of the distribution. The estimates of polyuronide molecular size and molecular-size distribution were obtained without the need for polyuronide standards of known Mr by using gel-filtration chromatography combined with the absolute method of low-speed sedimentation equilibrium.

Determination of the Size Distribution of Dissolved Organics in Effluents

1973 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Addie ◽  
K.L. Murphy ◽  
J.L. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Clean Surface ◽  
Sephadex Column ◽  
Dissolved Organics ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Abstract The importance of removing the small amounts of residual organics is increasing as the sources of clean surface water decrease. Knowledge of the nature of these soluble residual organics will be needed in order to assess the type of treatment required for their removal. Residual organics in three different biological treatment plants were analyzed and compared. An attempt was made to characterize these organics by a molecular size distribution on a Sephadex column monitored by differential ultraviolet and refractive index detectors. The organic carbon and chemical oxygen demand of the fractions collected from the column was also determined. An investigation of some of the problems inherent in the monitoring systems was conducted.

Molecular Size Distribution of Lignin in Wood

Nature ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 214 (5086) ◽  
pp. 410-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. BROWN ◽  
S. I. FALKEHAG ◽  
E. B. COWLING
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

scholarly journals Oxidation of coniferyl alcohol by cell wall peroxidases at the expense of indole-3-acetic acid and O2

FEBS Letters ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 276 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. Ferrer ◽  
María A. Pedreño ◽  
Romualdo Muñoz ◽  
A.Ros Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Coniferyl Alcohol ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

A Study of the Malpighian Tubules of the Pill Millipede, Glomeris marginata (Villers)

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
PATRICIA ANNE FARQUHARSON
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Inverse Relation ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution ◽  
Molecular Sieving ◽  
Tubule Fluid ◽  
Tubule Wall

1. Tubule fluid:medium ratios (TF/M) have been measured for inulin, glucose, LMWD and HMWD. These TF/M ratios were surprisingly high. 2. The tubule appears to act as a molecular filter; that is to say, molecules move through the tubule wall in inverse relation to their size. This is best illustrated using polyvinyl pyrrolidone as a tracer. The molecular size distribution of PVP fractions present in tubule fluid differs markedly from the molecular size distribution of PVP in the bathing Ringer. 3. No correlation can be made between the inulin and glucose TF/M and the rate of fluid production. However, the inverse relationship between TF/M and rate of fluid production for dextrans indicates a molecular sieving effect. 4. The significance of these results is discussed with reference to models of fluid transport.

Structure of Polybutadienes

1967 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1529-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Bahary ◽  
D. I. Sapper
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Melting Point Depression ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Long Chain Branching ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Catalyst Systems ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Abstract Polybutadienes made with six different catalyst systems were examined: (1) butyllithium, (2) “nickel-based”, (3) alfin, (4) “titanium-based”, (5) “cobalt-based”, and (6) free radical emulsion. The microstructure and macrostructure of the polybutadienes have been determined and are compared to the results published in the literature. These polybutadienes may be considered to be random terpolymers of cis, trans, and vinyl addition of butadiene. The glass transition temperature is specified by the vinyl content. The crystalline melting points of the high trans and also the high cis polybutadienes obey to a high measure Flory's equation for melting point depression of a random terpolymer. The molecular weights of the polybutadienes have been determined by light scattering and osmometry and the degree of long chain branching has been determined by the branching index, 〈g′〉. The macro-structural features of the linear polymers are confirmed by fractionation. However, the polydispersities calculated from fractionation data do not agree with those determined from light scattering and osmometry for the branched samples. The discrepancy is attributed to the method of characterization of the fractions. A distinction is made between molecular weight distribution and molecular size distribution.

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