Molecular Identity of Species and Isolates of the Coniphora Cellar Fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Schmidt ◽  
K. Grimm ◽  
U. Moreth
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Summary Within the genus Coniophora, C. puteana and the less common species C. marmorata, C. arida and C. olivacea form a group of domestic brown-rot fungi (“cellar fungi”), which cause considerable decay in the woodwork of buildings. The fungi are difficult to distinguish by their fruit bodies. Traditional methods fail to identify species in a pure culture. Also with regard to decay of wood in use, the basidiomes rarely develop, and the surface mycelium on wood is sparse except for the fine dark strands. Thus, molecular techniques were applied to obtain a reliable method for differentiation and detection and to aquire a greater knowledge of the domestic Coniophora species. Isolates obtained from decayed wood and from culture collections and identified as domestic Coniophora species were used. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced and restricted by the endonuclease TaqI. The ITS sequences characteristic of C. puteana, C. arida, C. marmorata and C. olivacea were obtained and entered into the international databases. The sequence size ranges from 525 to 729 bp. The data supplement our collection of ITS sequences from domestic wood decay fungi built for the characterization of mycelium in culture. Most isolates belong to C. puteana and some to C. arida, C. marmorata and C. olivacea. Two other isolates belong to a further Coniophora species close to C. olivacea. Obviously, at least five Coniophora species occur within European buildings. Many of the isolates were not correctly identified. Consequently, the traditional characterization methods used, viz., growth rate, temperature influence and wood weight loss, were less suitable for the differentiation of Coniophora species as formerly anticipated.

Molecular Identity of Species and Isolates of Internal Pore Fungi Antrodia spp. and Oligoporus placenta

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Schmidt ◽  
U. Moreth
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Molecular Identity ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Internal Pore

Summary Antrodia vaillantii (DC.: Fr.) Ryv., A. serialis (Fr.) Donk, A. sinuosa (Fr.) P. Karsten, A. xantha (Fr.: Fr.) Ryv. and Oligoporus placenta (Fr.) Gilb.& Ryv. form a group of internal brown-rot fungi (‘Porenschwämme’), which are associated with decay of coniferous woodwork in buildings and timber in ground contact. The fungi have similar occurrence, biology, fruit bodies and mycelia. Their nomenclature has a confusing history and is still not uniform. For a better understanding of the domestic pore fungi and for a reliable species differentiation and identification of isolates, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. Isolates from decayed wood and from culture collections were used. The ITS sequences characteristic of A. vaillantii, A. serialis,A. sinuosa, A. xantha and O. placenta were obtained and deposited in the international databases. The ITS size ranges from 636 to 668 bp. Intraspecific variation was low. A dendrogram was performed for the phylogenetic relationship. Some isolates obtained mislabelled were named correctly according to the ITS sequence. The sequences contribute to our collection of ITS data from internal wood decay fungi made to characterize fungi in culture.

Variation in germination percentage of basidiospores collected successively from wood decay fungi in culture

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Schmidt ◽  
D. W. French
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Successive collections of basidiospores, produced in culture from the same hymenial areas of four species of wood decay fungi, were tested for spore germination percentage on malt extract agar under controlled conditions. Spores from white rot fungi retained high germination levels after 5 weeks of spore production, but germination averages for brown rot fungi decreased by more than 50%. Such variation should be considered in wood pathology research using spore germination bioassay.

scholarly journals Comparative Transcriptome and Secretome Analysis of Wood Decay Fungi Postia placenta and Phanerochaete chrysosporium

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3599-3610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Vanden Wymelenberg ◽  
Jill Gaskell ◽  
Michael Mozuch ◽  
Grzegorz Sabat ◽  
John Ralph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

ABSTRACT Cellulose degradation by brown rot fungi, such as Postia placenta, is poorly understood relative to the phylogenetically related white rot basidiomycete, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. To elucidate the number, structure, and regulation of genes involved in lignocellulosic cell wall attack, secretome and transcriptome analyses were performed on both wood decay fungi cultured for 5 days in media containing ball-milled aspen or glucose as the sole carbon source. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), a total of 67 and 79 proteins were identified in the extracellular fluids of P. placenta and P. chrysosporium cultures, respectively. Viewed together with transcript profiles, P. chrysosporium employs an array of extracellular glycosyl hydrolases to simultaneously attack cellulose and hemicelluloses. In contrast, under these same conditions, P. placenta secretes an array of hemicellulases but few potential cellulases. The two species display distinct expression patterns for oxidoreductase-encoding genes. In P. placenta, these patterns are consistent with an extracellular Fenton system and include the upregulation of genes involved in iron acquisition, in the synthesis of low-molecular-weight quinones, and possibly in redox cycling reactions.

scholarly journals A METHOD FOR EVALUATING ERGOSTEROL CONTENT IN WOOD-DECAY FUNGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Garrido Pinheiro ◽  
Nadia Helena Bianchini ◽  
Alana Silveira Pavlack ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz ◽  
Victor Dos Santos Barboza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Ergosterol Content ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Antifungal Action ◽  
Wet Weight

ABSTRACT Ergosterol is responsible for important functions in the fungal plasma membrane. The influence of fungitoxic agents on membrane ergosterol content is one of the most important mechanisms of antifungal action and its knowledge allows the generation of products that associate active compounds of different mechanisms, consequently improving the effectiveness of wood preservatives. Therefore, this study optimized a method for quantifying ergosterol in wood-decay fungi. The white-rot species selected were Ganoderma applanatum and Trametes versicolor, while the brown-rot were Gloeophyllum trabeum and Lentinus lepideus. Mycelial discs of each species were transferred to Petri dishes containing a cellophane-covered potato-dextrose-agar medium. Mycelia of each fungus were collected, weighed, and transferred to test tubes with 5 mL of 25% alcoholic potassium hydroxide. The tubes were vortexed for 5 min, subjected to ultrasound for 5 min, incubated at 85 °C for 4 h, followed by the addition of 2 mL of sterile distilled water and 5 mL of n-heptane and subsequent ultrasound shaking for 2 min. The n-heptane layer was analyzed by UV spectrophotometry between 230 and 300 ηm. The blank sample only contained n-heptane. The mycelia wet weight of the fungi ranged from 0.061 to 0.296 g. Ergosterol content was 0.007% for Lentinus lepideus and 0.004% for the other species. The absorbance was higher than the ones observed in the blank for all samples. The adapted method was efficient for ergosterol extraction.

High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of soluble and total oxalate in Ca- and Mg-amended liquid cultures of three wood decay fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Schilling ◽  
Jody Jellison
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fomitopsis Pinicola ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Postia Placenta ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

AbstractTwo brown-rot wood decay fungi,Fomitopsis pinicolaandMeruliporia incrassata, and the white-rot speciesPhanerochaete chrysosporiumwere grown for 4 weeks in liquid culture at 0.35, 0.70, 1.05, and 5.00 mM calcium (Ca) and 1.35 and 2.70 mM magnesium (Mg) concentrations. Soluble and total oxalate levels were quantified using a revised ion-exchange HPLC protocol developed specifically for resolving oxalate and other organic acid anions from medium components. Total oxalate concentrations in brown-rot filtrate were not significantly different among treatments; however, soluble oxalate decreased significantly with increasing Ca concentration. Higher Mg concentrations increased soluble oxalate levels only slightly. There was a significant decrease in medium pH at 5.00 mM Ca for all species, as well as an apparent increase in decarboxylation activity in brown-rot fungi. Total and soluble oxalate levels in the white-rot cultures were generally below detection for all treatments. The results show a significant influence of Ca on soluble oxalate concentrations not seen previously in the brown-rot speciesPostia placenta.

Chitin as an indicator of the biomass of two wood-decay fungi in relation to temperature, incubation time, and media composition

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Nilsson ◽  
Jonny Bjurman
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Chitin Content ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Cell wall chitin was determined in the mycelia of the brown rot fungus Neolentinus lepideus (Lentinus lepideus) and an isolate of the soft rot fungus Phialophora sp. to study the correlation to mycelial dry mass. The fungi were incubated as liquid cultures for three incubation periods at three temperatures in six nutrient media with varying levels and combinations of carbon and nitrogen. The glucosamine yield was found to be maximized by hydrolysis at 90°C for 48 h. The chitin content in the studied fungi varied from 8.3 to 39.8 μg.mg-1for N. lepideus and 7.7 to 46 μg.mg-1for the Phialophora isolate. The chitin concentration was remarkably constant, about 10 μg.mg-1, in mycelia growing on the low nitrogen malt extract medium. An experiment with wood blocks indicated that chitin may be a good marker for total fungal biomass production, including living and dead mycelia, in early stages of wood decay (dry weight loss <6%). At higher dry weight losses, the chitin content reaches a plateau or decreases despite continuing degradation as determined by the dry weight loss. The chitin content of visible mycelia growing on wood was determined for both fungi and found to be 19.1 and 12.9 μg.mg-1for N. lepideus and the Phialophora isolate, respectively.Key words: chitin, wood-decay fungi, utility poles, brown rot, soft rot, glucosamine, colorimetry.

scholarly journals The comparison of properties of European beech Fagus sylvatica (L.) in different stage of degradation caused by wood-decay fungi

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Author(s):  
Jiří Holan ◽  
Blanka Stávková
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

This work focus on comparison of biological degradation of wood caused by wood-decay fungi (white and brown rot). Test samples were made of European Beech Fagus sylvatica (L.). As wood-decay fungi were used Trametes versicolor (L.) Lloyd (white rot) and Serpula lacrymans (Wulf. Ex Fr.) Schroet (brown rot). Aim of this work was comparison of rate of propagation of wood-decay fungus and degradation of wood in time. After termination of the test was made comparison of intensity of degradation between both fungi species. Weights of test samples were diminishing for both groups of wood-decay fungi during three months. Moisture content increased in direct proportion with time. Compression strength in direction of wood fibers of tested samples was diminishing. Samples tested by Serpula lacrymans had the fastest decrease of compression strength after first and second week of degradation. Samples tested by Trametes versicolor had different course. Compression strength significantly decreased after first month and third month of degradation. On the other hand module of elasticity of both tested groups was diminishing already during first and second week of degradation. Generally, it is possible to say that Trametes versicolor has more significant impact on changes of mechanical characteristic of wood, because it causes degradation of all chemical constituents of wood.

scholarly journals Chicken of the Woods (Laetiporus sulphureus species complex)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna Benitez ◽  
Claudia Paez ◽  
Matthew Smith ◽  
Jason A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Laetiporus Sulphureus ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
The Common

Species in the Laetiporus sulphureus species complex, also known as “chicken of the woods” mushrooms, are wood-decay fungi that cause brown rot within the heartwood of their tree hosts. The common name “chicken of the woods” is given to some species in this group because they are tasty edible mushrooms. Several Laetiporus species have been harvested to use as food colorants, to dye natural products such as wool, and for human consumption. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department, written by Brianna Benitez, Claudia A. Paez, Matthew E. Smith, and Jason A. Smith, describes these fungi as well as their ecology, management, and potential edibility.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp358

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