scholarly journals Aerobic Fitness of Starter and Non-Starter Soccer Players in the Champion’s League

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Giorgos Paraskevas ◽  
Marios Hadjicharalambous
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Biological Variability ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Physiological Evaluation ◽  
The Individual

Abstract To identify individual response patterns in selected aerobic fitness variables of regular starters (ST; N = 7) and non-starters (Non-ST; N = 10), top level professional soccer players were tested for maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), velocity at 4 mM of lactate (V4), velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (νVO2max) and oxygen pulse (O2-pulse) in July and December following consecutive periods of fixture congestion. V4 was the only variable that increased significantly in December compared to July (15.1 ± 0.5 vs. 14.6 ± 0.5, p = 0.001). There was an almost certain beneficial large mean team change for V4 (ES = 1.2 (0.67; 1.57), 100/0/0), while beneficial mean team changes were less likely for νVO2max and O2-pulse [ES = 0.31 (-0.08; 0.70), 68/30/2 and ES = 0.24 (0.01; 0.49), 64/36/0, respectively] and unclear for VO2max (ES = 0.02 (-0.31; 0.70), 18/69/13). With the exception of V4 where 10 out of 17 players (7 ST and 3 Non-ST) showed positive changes higher than the biological variability, all other variables were characterized by a substantial proportion of changes lower than the biological variability. The present study demonstrated that aerobic fitness variables that require maximal effort may be characterized by greater variability of the individual response pattern compared to that of submaximal aerobic fitness variables irrespective of the accumulated game time. Submaximal aerobic fitness variables appear to be more informative in the physiological evaluation of top level soccer players and this may be an advantage during exposure to periods of consecutive games.

The Effect of High Carbohydrate Meals with Different Glycemic Indices on Recovery of Performance during Prolonged Intermittent High-Intensity Shuttle Running

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Erith ◽  
Clyde Williams ◽  
Emma Stevenson ◽  
Siobhan Chamberlain ◽  
Pippa Crews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Test List ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Glycemic Indices ◽  
Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test

This study examined the effect of high carbohydrate meals with different glycemic indices (GI) on recovery of performance during prolonged intermittent high-intensity shuttle running. Seven male semi-professional soccer players (age 23 ± 2 y, body mass [BM] 73.7 ± 9.0 kg and maximal oxygen uptake 58 ± 1.0 mL · kg−1 · min−1) participated in two trials in a randomized cross-over design. On day 1, the subjects performed 90 min of an intermittent high-intensity shuttle running protocol [Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test (LIST)]. They then consumed a mixed high carbohydrate recovery diet (8 g/kg BM) consisting of either high (HGI) (GI: 70) or low (LGI) (GI: 35) GI foods. Twenty-two hours later (day 2) the subjects completed 75 min of the LIST (part A) followed by alternate sprinting and jogging to fatigue (part B). No differences were found between trials in time to fatigue (HGI 25.3 ± 4.0 min vs. LGI 22.9 ± 5.6 min, P = 0.649). Similarly, no differences were found between trials for sprint performance and distance covered during part B of the LIST. In conclusion, the GI of the diet during the 22 h recovery did not affect sprint and endurance performance the following day.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Serie A Soccer Players’ Physical Qualities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ermanno Rampinini ◽  
Federico Donghi ◽  
Marco Martin ◽  
Andrea Bosio ◽  
Marco Riggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Seasons

AbstractIn March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced most activities in Italy, including soccer, to cease. During lockdown, players could only train at home, with limited evidence regarding the effect of this period. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on professional soccer players’ physical performance. Aerobic fitness and vertical jump were assessed before and after four periods in two different seasons: COVID-19 lockdown, competitive period before lockdown, competitive period and summer break of the 2016–2017 season. Linear mixed models were used to examine within-period changes and between-period differences in changes observed during COVID-19 lockdown and the three other periods. Within-period changes in aerobic fitness showed a significant improvement following COVID-19 lockdown (p<0.001) and a significant decline during summer break (p<0.001). Between-period differences were significant in the comparison of COVID-19 lockdown with both the competitive 2019–2020 season (p<0.01) and summer break (p<0.001). For the vertical jump, only the between-period comparison revealed significant differences as the changes associated with COVID-19 lockdown were worse than those of the two competitive periods, for both absolute (p<0.05; p<0.001) and relative peak power (p<0.01; p<0.001). Home-based training during lockdown was effective to improve aerobic fitness, although it did not allow players to maintain their competitive period’s power levels.

Effect of aerobic training status on both maximal lactate steady state and critical power

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Coelho Greco ◽  
Renato Aparecido Corrêa Caritá ◽  
Jeanne Dekerle ◽  
Benedito Sérgio Denadai
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Critical Power ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Maximal Lactate Steady State ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Constant Work Rate

This study aimed at assessing the sensitivity of both maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP) in populations of different aerobic training status to ascertain whether CP is as sensitive as MLSS to a change in aerobic fitness. Seven untrained subjects (UT) (maximal oxygen uptake = 37.4 ± 6.5 mL·kg–1·min–1) and 7 endurance cyclists (T) (maximal oxygen uptake = 62.4 ± 5.2 mL·kg–1·min–1) performed an incremental test for maximal oxygen uptake estimation and several constant work rate tests for MLSS and CP determination. MLSS, whether expressed in mL·kg–1·min–1 (T: 51.8 ± 5.7 vs. UT: 29.0 ± 6.1) or % maximal oxygen uptake (T: 83.1 ± 6.8 vs. UT: 77.1 ± 4.5), was significantly higher in the T group. CP expressed in mL·kg–1·min–1 (T: 56.8 ± 5.1 vs. UT: 33.1 ± 6.3) was significantly higher in the T group as well but no difference was found when expressed in % maximal oxygen uptake (T: 91.1 ± 4.8 vs. UT: 88.3 ± 3.6). Whether expressed in absolute or relative values, MLSS is sensitive to aerobic training status and a good measure of aerobic endurance. Conversely, the improvement in CP with years of training is proportional to those of maximal oxygen uptake. Thus, CP might be less sensitive than MLSS for depicting an enhancement in aerobic fitness.

scholarly journals The Reciprocal Association between Fitness Indicators and Sleep Quality in the Context of Recent Sport Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4810
Author(s):  
Vasileios T. Stavrou ◽  
Kyriaki Astara ◽  
Zoe Daniil ◽  
Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis ◽  
Konstantinos Kalabakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Total Body Water ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the oxygen uptake and heart rate at rest, in Greek professional soccer players, are affected by recent injuries, as well as how sleep quality is affected. Forty-two male professional soccer players were included in the study and divided into two groups: injurygroup (n = 22, age: 21.6 ± 5.4 years, body fat: 11.0 ± 3.9%, total body water: 64.0 ± 2.5%) and no-injurygroup (n = 20, age: 24.2 ± 5.6 years, body fat: 10.1 ± 2.8%, total body water: 64.3 ± 1.8%). The oxygen uptake at rest (VO2resting, mL/min/kg) and heart rate (HR, bpm) were recorded in the upright position for 3 min, and the predicted values were calculated. One hour before, the athletes answered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The results showed a difference between groups (injurygroup vs. no-injurygroup) in VO2resting (7.5 ± 1.4 vs. 5.5 ± 1.2 mL/min/kg, p < 0.001) and percent of predicted values (92.5 ± 17.2 vs. 68.3 ± 14.6%, p < 0.001) and HR, such as beats per min (100.6 ± 12.8 vs. 93.1 ± 4.6 bpm, p = 0.001), percent of predicted values (50.7 ± 6.4 vs. 47.6 ± 2.8%, p = 0.003) and sleep quality score (PSQI: 4.9 ± 2.2 vs. 3.1 ± 0.9, p = 0.005). Anthropometric characteristics were not different between groups. Oxygen consumption and heart rate at rest are affected by the systemic adaptations due to injury. These pathophysiological changes probably relate to increased blood flow in an attempt to restore the injury area.

Do we underestimate maximal oxygen uptake in cancer survivors? Findings from a supramaximal verification test

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 486-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Schneider ◽  
Kathrin Schlüter ◽  
Joachim Wiskemann ◽  
Friederike Rosenberger
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Primary Therapy ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Cancer survivors demonstrate a reduced maximal oxygen uptake, which is clinically relevant in terms of overall survival. However, it remains uncertain whether they attain their “true maximal oxygen uptake” in a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). In the present study, a supramaximal verification bout (Verif) was applied in cancer survivors to confirm attainment of maximal oxygen uptake. Seventy-five participants (age, 61 ± 12 years; n = 43 females with breast cancer and n = 32 males with prostate cancer, 6–52 weeks after primary therapy) performed a CPET on a cycle ergometer and a Verif at 110% peak power output. As verification criterion, maximal oxygen uptake in Verif should not exceed maximal oxygen uptake in CPET by >3%. On average, maximal oxygen uptake was significantly lower in Verif compared with CPET (1.60 ± 0.38 L·min–1 vs. 1.65 ± 0.36 L·min–1, p = .023). On the individual level, n = 51 (68%) satisfied the verification criterion, whereas n = 24 (32%) demonstrated a higher maximal oxygen uptake in Verif. n = 69 (92%) fulfilled ≥2 secondary criteria for maximal exhaustion in the CPET. While maximal oxygen uptake was not underestimated in the CPET on average, one-third of cancer survivors did not attain their true maximal oxygen uptake. Verif appears feasible and beneficial to confirm true maximal oxygen uptake in this population. Furthermore, it might be more reliable than secondary criteria for maximal exhaustion. Novelty In about one-third of cancer survivors, maximal oxygen uptake is underestimated by a CPET. This underestimation of maximal oxygen uptake is not necessarily indicated by secondary criteria for maximal exhaustion. A supramaximal verification bout appears feasible and helpful for the determination of maximal oxygen uptake in cancer survivors.

Z-scores-based methods and their application to biological monitoring: an example in professional soccer players

Biostatistics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-64
Author(s):  
Guillaume Saulière ◽  
Jérôme Dedecker ◽  
Laurie-Anne Marquet ◽  
Pierre Rochcongar ◽  
Jean-Francois Toussaint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Population ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Clinical Patient ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Significance Levels ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Individual

Summary The clinical and biological follow-up of individuals, such as the biological passport for athletes, is typically based on the individual and longitudinal monitoring of hematological or urine markers. These follow-ups aim to identify abnormal behavior by comparing the individual’s biological samples to an established baseline. These comparisons may be done via different ways, but each of them requires an appropriate extra population to compute the significance levels, which is a non-trivial issue. Moreover, it is not necessarily relevant to compare the measures of a biomarker of a professional athlete to that of a reference population (even restricted to other athletes), and a reasonable alternative is to detect the abnormal values by considering only the other measurements of the same athlete. Here we propose a simple adaptive statistic based on maxima of Z-scores that does not rely on the use of an extra population. We show that, in the Gaussian framework, it is a practical and relevant method for detecting abnormal values in a series of observations from the same individual. The distribution of this statistic does not depend on the individual parameters under the null hypothesis, and its quantiles can be computed using Monte Carlo simulations. The proposed method is tested on the 3-year follow-up of ferritin, serum iron, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit markers in 2577 elite male soccer players. For instance, if we consider the abnormal values for the hematocrit at a 5% level, we found that 5.57% of the selected cohort had at least one abnormal value (which is not significantly different from the expected false-discovery rate). The approach is a starting point for more elaborate models that would produce a refined individual baseline. The method can be extended to the Gaussian linear model, in order to include additional variables such as the age or exposure to altitude. The method could also be applied to other domains, such as the clinical patient follow-up in monitoring abnormal values of biological markers.

Effect of a mindfulness programme training to prevent the sport injury and improve the performance of semi-professional soccer players

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
Majid Mozafari Zadeh ◽  
Bita Ajilchi ◽  
Zahra Salman ◽  
Steve Kisely
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective: Mindfulness improves psychological outcomes. We examined whether greater mindfulness scores were associated with reduced injury rates in soccer players, as well as improved performance at both the individual and team level. Method: This was a parallel-group, pre- and post-test, randomised controlled pilot trial. Forty-five male amateur soccer players from Tehran, Iran, were randomly assigned into experimental (n=23) and control groups (n=22). Outcomes were scores on the mindfulness sport inventory, as well as injury rates and recovery as assessed by a physiotherapist using standardised criteria. Expert observers assessed the effect on individual and team performance. Data were analysed using mixed analysis of variance and, where indicated, its non-parametric alternative, the Friedman test. Results: Significantly greater mindfulness scores in the intervention group were associated with both reduced injury and improved performance. Conclusion: Mindfulness training shows promise in preventing injury and improving performance. The intervention could be applied to other sports and be helpful in clinical settings given the importance of exercise in promoting psychological well-being.

scholarly journals Evaluation of true maximal oxygen uptake based on a novel set of standardized criteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian W. Midgley ◽  
Sean Carroll ◽  
David Marchant ◽  
Lars R. McNaughton ◽  
Jason Siegler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Uptake Test ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
The Individual

In this study, criteria are used to identify whether a subject has elicited maximal oxygen uptake. We evaluated the validity of traditional maximal oxygen uptake criteria and propose a novel set of criteria. Twenty athletes completed a maximal oxygen uptake test, consisting of an incremental phase and a subsequent supramaximal phase to exhaustion (verification phase). Traditional and novel maximal oxygen uptake criteria were evaluated. Novel criteria were: oxygen uptake plateau defined as the difference between modelled and actual maximal oxygen uptake >50% of the regression slope of the individual oxygen uptake–workrate relationship; as in the first criterion, but for maximal verification oxygen uptake; and a difference of ≤4 beats·min–1 between maximal heart rate values in the 2 phases. Satisfying the traditional oxygen uptake plateau criterion was largely an artefact of the between-subject variation in the oxygen uptake–workrate relationship. Secondary criteria, supposedly an indicator of maximal effort, were often satisfied long before volitional exhaustion, even at intensities as low as 61% maximal oxygen uptake. No significant mean differences were observed between the incremental and verification phases for oxygen uptake (t = 0.4; p = 0.7) or heart rate (t = 0.8; p = 0.5). The novel oxygen uptake plateau criterion, maximal oxygen uptake verification criterion, and maximal heart rate verification criterion were satisfied by 17, 18, and 18 subjects, respectively. The small individual absolute differences in oxygen uptake between incremental and verification phases observed in most subjects provided additional confidence that maximal oxygen uptake was elicited. Current maximal oxygen uptake criteria were not valid and novel criteria should be further explored.

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