scholarly journals I Can’t Wait: Methods for Measuring and Moderating Individual Differences in Impulsive Choice

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Peterson ◽  
Catherine C. Hill ◽  
Andrew T. Marshall ◽  
Sarah L. Stuebing ◽  
Kimberly Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Impulsive Choice ◽  
Compulsive Gambling ◽  
Clinical Model

AbstractImpulsive choice behavior occurs when individuals make choices without regard for future consequences. This behavior is often maladaptive and is a common symptom in many disorders, including drug abuse, compulsive gambling, and obesity. Several proposed mechanisms may influence impulsive choice behavior. These mechanisms provide a variety of pathways that may provide the basis for individual differences that are often evident when measuring choice behavior. This review provides an overview of these different pathways to impulsive choice, and the behavioral intervention strategies being developed to moderate impulsive choice. Because of the compelling link between impulsive choice behavior and the near-epidemic pervasiveness of obesity in the United States, we focus on the relationship between impulsive choice behavior and obesity as a test case for application of the multiple pathways approach. Choosing immediate gratification over healthier long term food choices is a contributing factor to the obesity crisis. Behavioral interventions can lead to more self-controlled choices in a rat pre-clinical model, suggesting a possible gateway for translation to human populations. Designing and implementing effective impulsive choice interventions is crucial to improving the overall health and well-being of impulsive individuals.

scholarly journals Scaling an Evidence-Based Program: The Case of the Tailored Activity Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 631-632
Author(s):  
Sokha Koeuth ◽  
Katherine Marx ◽  
Laura Gitlin ◽  
Catherine Piersol
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Media ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learn Management System ◽  
Learning Platform ◽  
Activity Program ◽  
Blackboard Learn

Abstract The Tailored Activity Program (TAP) is a proven program delivered primarily by occupational therapists addressing dementia-related clinical symptoms including caregiver well-being. Although used in 9 countries including the United States, scaling and widespread dissemination is challenging. We discuss key revisions to TAP to facilitate dissemination including matching assessments to those used in different practice settings, translation of materials into different languages, providing worksheets to help trainees adapt TAP to local contexts and a training/certification online experience using story board, an interactive media integrated onto the Blackboard learn management system, to provide on-demand training modules. The learning platform allows learners to engage with others, preview modules and share experiences. Revisions enable greater flexibility for program adaptation yet adherence to its core principles. With over 150 trainees, we use REAIM to evaluate effectiveness of modifications and to understand implications for its reach. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Behavioral Interventions for Older Adults Interest Group.

scholarly journals Turning Points in the Assessment and Clinical Applications of Individual Differences in Attachment

Psychology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Crittenden ◽  
Susan J. Spieker ◽  
Steve Farnfield
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Us

Attachment may have reached a turning point in which two sometimes incompatible approaches to individual differences in attachment are being compared. The outcome could influence future work in attachment. This article focuses on individual differences because applications of attachment are predicated on the consequences of individual differences for adaptation and well-being. The issue is which model is better suited to future research and clinical applications. Both models augment the original Ainsworth ABC model that everyone agrees is not sufficiently differentiated to cover the range of human behavior. The two models are “ABC+D” (the model that has disorganization (D) as its fourth category) and “DMM” (the model that expands the A and C categories from two subcategories each to a total of eight each, plus A/C combinations). The current disagreement has two sources: (a) the increasing acceptance outside the United States of the DMM, particularly in clinical and forensic settings, while the US remains largely unaware of the DMM; and (b) the recent announcement by prominent ABC+D researchers from Europe and the US that D is not a suitable category for clinical or forensic use. ABC+D researchers have not proposed an alternative, and some US funding sources and courts eschew attachment altogether, believing the theory itself lacks validity and utility, thus weakening attachment’s potential to inform clinical research and decision-making. This article proposes DMM as a viable alternative to both ABC+D and psychiatric diagnoses and examines the development and contributions of each model for the purpose of creating a model of individual differences in attachment that is scientifically robust, open to change as new evidence becomes available, and applicable to troubled individuals and families. Notably, attachment theory has engendered controversy from its beginnings. When John Bowlby offered attachment as a universal human characteristic that promoted species and individual survival, he was criticized by others in his field. When Mary Ainsworth identified the ABC categories of individual differences in attachment, her ideas were attacked from outside attachment theory. While the “first generation” issue around the existence of attachment has largely died away, a second generation of attachment theorists is disputing the nature of individual differences, their focus on individuals (ABC+D) or interpersonal systems (DMM Family Functional Formulations), and their relevance to clinical work. The ABC+D and DMM models that expand Ainsworth’s work were developed by two of her students, Mary Main (ABC+D) and Patricia Crittenden (DMM). They and their colleagues have worked separately for half a century producing two large and sometimes discrepant bodies of work, which have now become the topic of open debate. This bibliography focuses on the conceptual and empirical bases for that exchange. Part I outlines the roots of the ABC+D and DMM models, together with comparative validating information. Part II presents the central research findings on individual differences in attachment from four decades of research with each model. The authors wish to thank Robbie Duschinsky, Udita Iyengar, and Andrea Landini for their helpful comments on this bibliography.

Individual differences in impulsive choice behavior

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Galtress ◽  
Angela Crumer ◽  
Ana Garcia ◽  
Kimberly Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Impulsive Choice

scholarly journals Individual Differences in the Association Between Subjective Stress and Heart Rate Are Related to Psychological and Physical Well-Being

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1016-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha L. Sommerfeldt ◽  
Stacey M. Schaefer ◽  
Markus Brauer ◽  
Carol D. Ryff ◽  
Richard J. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mental States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Feeling ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Reactive Protein

The physiological response to stress is intertwined with, but distinct from, the subjective feeling of stress, although both systems must work in concert to enable adaptive responses. We investigated 1,065 participants from the Midlife in the United States 2 study who completed a self-report battery and a stress-induction procedure while physiological and self-report measures of stress were recorded. Individual differences in the association between heart rate and self-reported stress were analyzed in relation to measures that reflect psychological well-being (self-report measures of well-being, anxiety, depression), denial coping, and physical well-being (proinflammatory biomarkers interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein). The within-participants association between heart rate and self-reported stress was significantly related to higher psychological well-being, fewer depressive symptoms, lower trait anxiety, less use of denial coping, and lower levels of proinflammatory biomarkers. Our results highlight the importance of studying individual differences in coherence between physiological measures and subjective mental states in relation to well-being.

scholarly journals A multicountry perspective on gender differences in time use during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. e2018494118
Author(s):  
Laura M. Giurge ◽  
Ashley V. Whillans ◽  
Ayse Yemiscigil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Time Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Household Chores ◽  
Meta Analyses

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally altered how people spend time, with possible consequences for subjective well-being. Using diverse samples from the United States, Canada, Denmark, Brazil, and Spain (n = 31,141), following a preregistered analytic plan, and employing both mega- and meta-analyses, we find consistent gender differences in time spent on necessities. During the pandemic, women—especially mothers—spent more time on tasks such as childcare and household chores. To the extent that women spent more time on chores than men, they reported lower happiness. These data represent one of the most rigorous investigations of gender differences in time use during the forced lockdowns created by the COVID-19 pandemic, and point toward individual differences that should be considered when designing policies now and post–COVID-19.

scholarly journals An Integrated Mechanistic Model of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for Opioid-Exposed Mother–Infant Dyads

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Reese ◽  
Elisabeth Conradt ◽  
Michael R. Riquino ◽  
Eric L. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Parenting Behavior ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Infant Attachment ◽  
Increased Risk

A growing body of neurobiological and psychological research sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of opioid use disorder and its relation to parenting behavior. Perinatal opioid use is associated with risks for women and children, including increased risk of child maltreatment. Drawing from extant data, here we provide an integrated mechanistic model of perinatal opioid use, parenting behavior, infant attachment, and child well-being to inform the development and adaptation of behavioral interventions for opioid-exposed mother–infant dyads. The model posits that recurrent perinatal opioid use may lead to increased stress sensitivity and reward dysregulation for some mothers, resulting in decreased perceived salience of infant cues, disengaged parenting behavior, disrupted infant attachment, and decreased child well-being. We conclude with a discussion of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement as a means of addressing mechanisms undergirding perinatal opioid use, parenting, and attachment, presenting evidence on the efficacy and therapeutic mechanisms of mindfulness. As perinatal opioid use increases in the United States, empirically informed models can be used to guide treatment development research and address this growing concern.

Dialectical Thinking and Psychological Well-Being in Morocco, China, and the United States

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassidy Bibo ◽  
Julie Spencer-Rodgers ◽  
Benaissa Zarhbouch ◽  
Mostafa Bouanini ◽  
Kaiping Peng
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dialectical Thinking ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Community Outreach Partnership Center (COPC)

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Kristine Brown ◽  
James Sturges
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Integrated Services ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Health Promotion Program ◽  
Federal Grant

With the continued influx of Mexican immigrants to the United States, especially to Southern California, health concerns and needs have increased among this population over the last several years. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona) obtained a federal grant that provided resources to establish the Community Outreach Partnership Center (COPC). COPC consists of comprehensive efforts to improve the overall well-being of the Angela Chanslor area within the City of Pomona in East Los Angeles. Focus areas of the project include 1) Education and Integrated Services, 2) Community Planning and Capacity Building for Neighborhood Revitalization and Safety, and 3) Job Development and Training. The focus of this paper is health promotion activities within Education and Integrated Services. The primary objective of this portion of the program was to provide residents with physical examinations and health screenings, health education, and medical and social service referrals. Topics discussed are the target community, general overview of COPC, Family Services Information and Referral Program (i.e. health promotion program within Education and Integrated Services), program impact and results, and suggestions for continued implementation and future efforts. / Con la influencia continua de inmigrantes Mexicanos a los Estados Unidos, especialmente al sur de California, ciertas necesidades con respecto a la salud han incrementado en esta poblacion en los ultimos anos. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona (Cal Poly Pomona). Obtuvo ayuda Federal para establecer El Community Outreach Partnership Center (COPC). El centro COPC consiste de esfuerzos conprensivos para mejorar el bienestar del area Angela Chanslor que esta ubicado en la Ciudad de Pomona en la parte Este de Los Angeles. Las partes enfocadas del proyecto incluyen, 1) Educacion y servicios Integrados, 2) Plan para la Comunidad y un Edificio de Capacitacion para la comunidad que dara revitalizacion y seguridad, 3) Y habrira trabajos y entrenamientos. El enfoque de este proyecto es de actividades en Promocion de Salud aliadas con educacion y Servicios Integrados. El objetivo principal de esta porcion del programa era de proveer a los residentes con examinaciones fisicas, educacion para la salud, y eran referidas a servicios medicos y sociales. Los topicos que son tratados son: La comunidad que sera ayudada, El enfoque general de COPC, informacion del programa para referir a servicios familiares, el impacto del programa y resultados, y sugerencias para implementar futuros esfuerzos.

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