Influencia de la edad, la maternidad y el empleo en las barreras para la práctica de actividad física y deporte de las mujeres adultas en España (Influence of age, maternity and employment in barriers to practicing physical activity and sport for Spanish

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron analizar la influencia de la edad y tipo de ocupación relacionada con el empleo y la crianza, en las barreras para la práctica de las mujeres adultas en España. La metodología de carácter cuantitativa, se ha apoyado en el uso de la encuesta mediante el empleo de un cuestionario basado en la teoría bio-ecológica de Bronfenbrenner, con ítems individuales, ocupación crianza-hogar, ocupación empleo-tiempo y oferta de actividad física y deporte, a una muestra representativa de 1.731 mujeres adultas españolas (entre 30 y 64 años). Los resultados evidenciaron efecto multivariado de la ocupación en las barreras ocupación-empleo y tiempo (“No soy capaz de generar tiempo para mí”, “empleo” y “horarios incompatibles”). Las mujeres adultas que concilian maternidad y empleo perciben en mayor grado estas tres barreras mencionadas. Además, se evidenció efecto multivariado de la edad y la ocupación, y de la interacción, en las barreras ocupación maternidad-hogar (“Tengo que cuidar de mi/s hijo/as” y “Tengo que ocuparme de las tareas del hogar”). Las madres adultas, empleadas o no, percibieron la maternidad en mayor grado como barrera. En las empleadas que no son madres, las tareas del hogar como barrera tuvieron mayor prevalencia en las mayores de cincuenta años. Estas evidencias deberían considerarse para diseñar innovaciones y adaptar intervenciones, en el ámbito de la actividad física y el deporte, para estos grupos específicos, de mujeres adultas. Abstract. The objectives of the present paper were to analyze the age and occupation type related to employment and maternity influencing Spanish adult women’s barriers to practice. A quantitative methodology based on the use of the survey was applied to a representative sample of 1,731 Spanish adult women (between 30 and 64 years old) who filled out a questionnaire based on the Bronfenbrenner´s bioecological theory with individual items, occupation maternity-household, occupation employment-time and physical activity and sport provision through a personal interview. The results showed a multivariate effect of the occupation on the occupation-employment and time barriers (“I can´t generate time for myself”, “employment” and “incompatible timetables”). The adult women who combine maternity and employment perceived the three barriers mentioned to a greater extent. Also, there was found a multivariate effect of age and occupation, and of the interaction, on the occupation maternity-household barriers (“I have to take care of my children” and “I have to do the housework”). The adult mothers, employed or unemployed, perceived maternity as a barrier to a greater degree. In employed women who are not mothers, household chores as a barrier showed a higher prevalence in those over fifty years old. These findings should be considered for designing innovations and tailoring interventions in the field of physical activity and sport to fit these targeted groups of adult women.

Household Workers Profile System

Estancia is well-known throughout the country as a commercial fishing center, so much so that it shares the name Alaska of the Philippines. It is located in the northern part of the province and is 131 kilometer’s (81 mi) from the provincial capital, Iloilo City. Estancia is politically subdivided into 25 barangays. According to the 2015 Census, it has a population of 48,546 people. This accounted for 2.51% of the total population of Iloilo province, or 0.64 percent of the Western Visayas region's total population. As technology advances, so do the hectic schedules that leave little time for household chores. Aside from tasks, there are other aspects of our everyday lives that are significant. People don't have enough time to take care of their homes, so hiring a housekeeper can assist. Many families place too much emphasis on word-of-mouth referrals and basic background employment.

Framing dementia experiences in a positive light: Conversational practices in one couple living with dementia

The general approach to a life with dementia is negatively charged, and alternative views are rarely found in research or in media coverage. This case-study explores conversational practices for framing dementia in a more positive light, employed by a husband of a wife with dementia. Framing regards the structured experiences of dementia, drawing on Goffman’s ‘Frame Analysis’. Benefitting from conversation analysis, this article presents principal results of four conversational practices used by the spouse without dementia: mitigating trouble, normalising trouble, justifying trouble, and praising. The conclusions drawn are that the practices contribute to the challenging of the dominant negative framework of the dementia experience, as they facilitate talk which emphasises the wife with dementia’s positive progression and skills in managing the household chores. Despite a positive framing of dementia, this couple still embed their talk in the overall negative framework of loss and decreased cognitive competence. The visualisation of a positive framing could add to a broadened view of dementia, which in turn could contribute to greater well-being for those affected. However, the results may also imply a risk of one spouse’s conversational practices of normalising and mitigating trouble being dominant in interaction and thereby neglecting the other spouse’s experience of the situation.

How do spouses’ levels of ambivalent sexism predict allocations of household chores? Probing why women still perform most of the work in the U.S.

This study’s main objective was to examine whether, in a U.S. sample, ambivalent sexism would show stronger associations with heterosexual husbands and wives’ housework division (hours and proportion) than have previous gender-ideology measures. Unlike earlier conceptions of sexism emphasizing hostile and negative stereotypical views toward women, ambivalent sexism combines the two dimensions of hostile sexism and benevolent sexism (seemingly positive views and behaviors toward women that nevertheless convey underlying paternalistic and patronizing motivations). We hypothesized that male and female respondents high in both hostile and benevolent sexism would report the typical pattern of wives’ housework exceeding their husbands’, whereas those lower in hostile or benevolent sexism would report less housework being performed by wives. Married individuals (N = 249) were recruited via advertisements on Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform and announcements at a university to complete an online survey. Several variables were measured, including own and spouse’s housework hours, hostile and benevolent sexism, and demographic control variables previously associated with housework allocation. An interaction emerged for women, in which those high in benevolent, but low in hostile, sexism reported performing the highest proportion of housework, whereas those low in both forms of sexism performed the lowest proportion. These results provided full or partial support for different aspects of our hypotheses. Men reported greater housework (hours and proportion) the more hours their wife worked outside the house. Discussion examines implications for ambivalent sexism theory, housework sharing, and conceptions of sexism.

Selected Abstracts From the 2019 APSARD Annual Meeting

Objective: To assess the relationship between ADHD and performance of household chores. Method: A 72-question online questionnaire was developed to collect demographic/clinical information as well as parents’ assessment of their child’s performance of self-care (SC) and family-care (FC) chores. Results: The sample consists of 797 primary caregivers of children with ADHD. The overwhelming majority of parents believed that ADHD to some extent affected their child’s ability to independently and satisfactorily complete SC and FC chores. An inverse relationship was noted between parent ratings of a child’s ability to do chores independently and satisfactorily and the likelihood they believed ADHD affected chore performance. There was no difference in chore performance between children with or without co-morbid oppositional defiant disorder. Conclusion: Given that household routines, including chores, play an important role in children’s development and psychosocial adjustment, clinicians must be sensitive to the adverse impact that ADHD may have in this regard.

Measurement of Barriers, Attitudes, and Expectations for Sitting Less in Pregnancy

Objective: Our objective was to develop, validate, and describe findings from an instrument to measure barriers, attitudes, and outcome expectations of sitting less in pregnant women. Methods: This validation (sub-study 1) and descriptive study (sub-study 2) evaluated a new questionnaire measuring sedentary time in pregnant women (N=131) in each trimester. Results: In sub-study 1, construct validity was supported by associations between device-measured sedentary time and questionnaire scores. An optimized questionnaire removed infrequently reported and non-correlated items. The original and optimized questionnaires with scoring instructions are provided. In sub-study 2, physical symptoms and work were most commonly reported as major reasons for sitting in pregnancy, followed by leisure, family, and social activities. Some women reported limiting sitting due to boredom/restlessness, to improve energy or health, and to control weight. In the third trimester, some women reported sitting more/less due to pain and encouragement from family, friends, and co-workers. Few women reported household chores or pregnancy risks as reasons to sit, felt sitting was healthy or necessary during pregnancy, or were encouraged to sit by healthcare providers. Conclusions: The developed questionnaire demonstrated validity and identified barriers to and expectations of sitting less during pregnancy. Prenatal interventions to reduce sitting should address general and pregnancy-specific barriers.

Change and Stability in the Paternal Role Among Palestinian Fathers Living in Israel

In the current study, we expand the understanding of paternal involvement in the Arab world and studied paternal involvement among Palestinian fathers living in Israel. To address cultural and sociopolitical contexts, we investigated the paternal role in relation to modernization processes characterizing Palestinian society in Israel (education, tradition, and religiosity). To capture the variance in the paternal role, we assessed it as a multifaceted construct involving three dimensions: direct childcare, household chores, and taking care of bureaucracy and finances. Sixty-eight Palestinian couples participated in the study. Participating parents separately completed a questionnaire assessing parenting role division. In addition, participating fathers completed questionnaires assessing paternal religiosity, and traditionality. Results showed that among the different involvement types, Palestinian fathers are most involved in home-related financial and bureaucratic tasks (i.e., outside tasks). Compared to bureaucracy and finances, paternal involvement in direct childcare tasks was lower, and involvement in routine housework was the lowest. Among the modernity variables, fathers’ tertiary education, but not religiosity or traditionality, predicted increased paternal involvement in childcare tasks and routine housework. The study results suggest the continuous prominence of traditional gender role division among Palestinian fathers living in Israel and indicate a slight change among fathers with higher education. The relative prominence of indirect forms of paternal involvement found in our study highlight the importance of evaluating paternal involvement as a multifaceted construct involving both direct and indirect care tasks in collectivistic and traditional societies.

Treasuring Career from Home: The Sustainability of Women Homeworkers and Household Divisions

Women homeworkers in Indonesia also resulted in double role causes women to have double workload, namely the main work that makes money and household chores such as cleaning the house, cooking and so on. This is because women cannot leave their responsibilities in the household, yet they must continue to perform their main work. Accordingly, a discussion addressing the dual burden and mechanism of division of work between men and women in the household is needed. This research was conducted with a descriptive qualitative method aimed to describe a number of issues including how consensus was performed by women homeworkers in carrying out the division of work with men and the efforts of women homeworkers to do the division of work with their husbands in the domestic sphere. The research was conducted in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia with snowball sampling techniques on 37 women. Based on the research results, it was discovered that: 1) the division of work in the public and domestic spheres for women homeworkers was flexible; 2) Men more often did the heavy household chores such as washing and drying clothes, the division of work occurred at certain times such as in the morning; 3) Within the household, the division of work between men and women took place when the woman homeworkers’ main work piled up and could not be abandoned.

Incremental returns from rice cultivation through gender sensitive approaches - a vivid illustration

In addition to several household chores, women in rural areas remain involved very actively in farming activities. On getting similar access to productive resources as men, women can boost overall agricultural output as well as income significantly. A group of farm women from 'Sankilo' village of Cuttack district, Odisha have been provided with half-an acre land with the power to decide all farm operations and ICAR-NRRI, Cuttack provided technical support for five years' period. It is being observed that returns from rice cultivation increased considerably and 'technology' in terms of demonstrations mostly contributed the difference in yield and returns over pre-project situations. Household income of family of individual women was also assessed and observed that education, family size and irrigated land holding determine the variations in income. The study advocated for appropriate policies to extend access of farm resources and impart proper education as well as capacity building of the women for enhancing the knowledge and adoptive capacity for the technologies to boost the yield and income.

Slave-women, according to Altanokhy's book" Relief after Severity: الجواري عند التنوخي من خلال كتابه الفرج بعد الشدة

This research paper aimed at presenting the traces of Altanokhy's book (Relief after severity) from a historic, political, social and economic perspectives and methodology. upon which the author relied on texts, also, based on artistic and literary elements which reflect the political era and the characteristics of AlTanokhy's personality. The research paper deals elaborately and redundantly with the topic of slave-women. from the perspective of Altanokhy in his book "Relief after Severity". Almost all nations had the knowledge of possessing women as slaves, and this wasn't restricted only to caliphs but also by their followers, the luxurious, high -class princes and their people. Hence palaces were full of slave-women. Altanokhy,in his book, had mentioned the prices of these women and the trade of them by the merchants of slaves ,also he mentioned the places of them, which were called (homes of slaves and maids. ) The role of slave-women. was not only restricted to singing, but it exceeded to excelling in different branches of science, The Holy Qura'an , literature and poetry ,besides other household chores and serving palaces or houses including cutting wood and carrying water. Furthermore, these women had a great influence on caliphs, ministers and the public.