Fusion of ground penetrating radar and laser scanning for infrastructure mapping

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Dominik Merkle ◽  
Carsten Frey ◽  
Alexander Reiterer
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Surface Data ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Ground Penetrating

AbstractMobile mapping vehicles, equipped with cameras, laser scanners (in this paper referred to as light detection and ranging, LiDAR), and positioning systems are limited to acquiring surface data. However, in this paper, a method to fuse both LiDAR and 3D ground penetrating radar (GPR) data into consistent georeferenced point clouds is presented, allowing imaging both the surface and subsurface. Objects such as pipes, cables, and wall structures are made visible as point clouds by thresholding the GPR signal’s Hilbert envelope. The results are verified with existing utility maps. Varying soil conditions, clutter, and noise complicate a fully automatized approach. Topographic correction of the GPR data, by using the LiDAR data, ensures a consistent ground height. Moreover, this work shows that the LiDAR point cloud, as a reference, increases the interpretability of GPR data and allows measuring distances between above ground and subsurface structures.

Long-term mass-balance monitoring and evolution of ice in caves through structure from motion–multi-view stereo and ground-penetrating radar techniques

2022 ◽  
pp. 030913332110651
Author(s):  
Andrea Securo ◽  
Emanuele Forte ◽  
Davide Martinucci ◽  
Simone Pillon ◽  
Renato R Colucci
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Acquisition Time ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Ground Penetrating

This study investigates the application of a terrestrial structure from motionmulti-view stereo (SfM-MVS) approach combined with ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys for monitoring the surface topographic change of two permanent ice deposits in caves located in the Julian Alps (south-eastern European Alps). This method allows accurate calculation of both seasonal and annual mass balance, estimating the amount of ice inside caves. The ground-based SfM approach represents a low-cost workflow with very limited logistical problems of transportation and human resources and a fast acquisition time, all key factors in such extreme environments. Under optimal conditions, SfM-MVS allows sub-centimetric resolution results, comparable to more expensive and logistically demanding surveys such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Fourteen SfM acquisitions were made between the 2017–2020 ablation seasons (i.e. July–October) while 2 GPR surveys were acquired in 2012. The obtained dense point clouds and digital terrain models (DTMs) made possible a reliable calculation of topographic changes and mass balance rates during the analysed period. The integration of SfM-MVS products with GPR surveys provided comprehensive imaging of the ice thickness and the total ice volume present in each of the caves, proving to be a reliable, low cost and multipurpose methodology ideal for long-term monitoring.

Joint full-waveform GPR and ER inversion applied to field data acquired on the surface

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-77
Author(s):  
diego domenzain ◽  
John Bradford ◽  
Jodi Mead
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Joint Inversion ◽  
Waveform Inversion ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Full Waveform ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
Ground Penetrating

We exploit the different but complementary data sensitivities of ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity (ER) by applying a multi-physics, multi-parameter, simultaneous 2.5D joint inversion without invoking petrophysical relationships. Our method joins full-waveform inversion (FWI) GPR with adjoint derived ER sensitivities on the same computational domain. We incorporate a stable source estimation routine into the FWI-GPR.We apply our method in a controlled alluvial aquifer using only surface acquired data. The site exhibits a shallow groundwater boundary and unconsolidated heterogeneous alluvial deposits. We compare our recovered parameters to individual FWI-GPR and ER results, and to log measurements of capacitive conductivity and neutron-derived porosity. Our joint inversion provides a more representative depiction of subsurface structures because it incorporates multiple intrinsic parameters, and it is therefore superior to an interpretation based on log data, FWI-GPR, or ER alone.

scholarly journals Investigation of Shallow Fault Structures Using Ground Penetrating Radar Method in Gampong Pangwa Trienggadeng District, Pidie Jaya Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Ayu Safrida ◽  
Nazli Ismail ◽  
Marwan Marwan
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Subsurface Structure ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
The Road ◽  
Subsurface Structures ◽  
Fault Structures ◽  
Fault Trace ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Wilayah Aceh merupakan wilayah yang sering terjadi gempa bumi dengan skala besar. Salah satu gempa bumi dengan skala besar adalah Gempa Pidie Jaya yang terjadi pada 7 Desember 2016. Setelah terjadi gempa bumi, banyak terjadi pergerakan tanah yang ditemukan di area penelitian. Telah dilakukan serangkaian pengukuran menggunakan Ground Penetrating Radar (80 MHz) untuk mempelajari struktur bawah permukaan setelah terjadinya gempa bumi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Pangwa, Kecamatan Trienggadeng, Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Pengukuran dilakukan di sepanjang jalan di Desa Pangwa yang melintasi dua jembatan. Pengukuran dilakukan pada 18 lintasan dengan panjang masing–masing lintasan sepanjang 50 m. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan software GRED. Berdasarkan hasil radargram, kita menemukan struktur pemukaan dangkal berupa patahan di tengah gambaran radargram pada lintasan 13 yang disebabkan oleh terjadinya gempa di Pidie Jaya. The Aceh region is an area of frequent large-scale earthquakes. One of the earthquakes with a large scale is Pidie Jaya Earthquake that occurred on December 7, 2016. After the earthquake, many ground movement evidences were found in the area. The ground penetrating radar (80 MHz) measurement is used to study subsurface structures after the earthquake. This research was conducted in Pangwa Village, Trienggadeng Subdistrict, Pidie Jaya District. Measurements were carried out along the road in Pangwa Village which crossed two bridges. Data measurements were made along 18 profiles with 50 m length of each profile. Data processing were done by using GRED software. Based on processed radargrams, we found a fault trace at the middle of the profile lane 13 caused by the newest earthquake in Pidie Jaya. Keywords: Ground Penetrating Radar, Subsurface structure, electromagnetic wave velocity

scholarly journals Lidar and ground penetrating radar data in determining road surface conditions and geological characteristics of unstable soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 111-129
Author(s):  
Artur Plichta ◽  
Adam Piasecki
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Geological Characteristics ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Road Projects ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Within the road investments the very important element determining repeatedly the success of the whole project is an adequate information about the characteristics of the site, its load capacity, stability and the possible impact of geological characteristics that may interfere with subsequent service life, not only for the road surface itself, but also for the surrounded objects. The surface is incessantly influenced by geological characteristics, determining its durability and functional usefulness. The main aim of this paper is to answer the question how by the usage of modern technics for obtaining data it is possible to find a link confirming the characteristics of land on which the specific road projects are supposed to be carried out, or where these projects have already been accomplished, concerning their requirements with high accuracy of location and also the stability and durability of the ground. This article makes also an attempt to answer not only the question how to identify the construction of road surface, but also how to locate underground cavities, created or influenced by the flow of water, or due to geological structures characterized as an inconsistent ground. The results were supported with geophysical researches using GPR method, and also data collected with laser scanners.

scholarly journals A sensor skid for precise 3D modeling of production lines

2014 ◽  
Vol II-5 ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elseberg ◽  
D. Borrmann ◽  
J. Schauer ◽  
A. Nüchter ◽  
D. Koriath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Terrestrial Laser Scanning ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
3D Point Clouds ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Rapid Characterization

Motivated by the increasing need of rapid characterization of environments in 3D, we designed and built a sensor skid that automates the work of an operator of terrestrial laser scanners. The system combines terrestrial laser scanning with kinematic laser scanning and uses a novel semi-rigid SLAMmethod. It enables us to digitize factory environments without the need to stop production. The acquired 3D point clouds are precise and suitable to detect objects that collide with items moved along the production line.

scholarly journals Quantification of Soil Organic Carbon in Biochar-Amended Soil Using Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 2874
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Shen ◽  
Tyler Foster ◽  
Heather Baldi ◽  
Iliyana Dobreva ◽  
Byron Burson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Naive Bayes ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Naïve Bayes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Ground Penetrating

The application of biochar amendments to soil has been proposed as a strategy for mitigating global carbon (C) emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC) loss. Biochar can provide additional agronomic benefits to cropping systems, including improved crop yield, soil water holding capacity, seed germination, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil pH. To maximize the beneficial effects of biochar amendments towards the inventory, increase, and management of SOC pools, nondestructive analytical methods such as ground penetrating radar (GPR) are needed to identify and quantify belowground C. The use of GPR has been well characterized across geological, archaeological, engineering, and military applications. While GPR has been predominantly utilized to detect relatively large objects such as rocks, tree roots, land mines, and peat soils, the objective of this study was to quantify comparatively smaller, particulate sources of SOC. This research used three materials as C sources: biochar, graphite, and activated C. The C sources were mixed with sand—12 treatments in total—and scanned under three moisture levels: 0%, 10%, and 20% to simulate different soil conditions. GPR attribute analyses and Naïve Bayes predictive models were utilized in lieu of visualization methods because of the minute size of the C particles. Significant correlations between GPR attributes and both C content and moisture levels were detected. The accuracy of two predictive models using a Naïve Bayes classifier for C content was trivial but the accuracy for C structure was 56%. The analyses confirmed the ability of GPR to identify differences in both C content and C structure. Beneficial future applications could focus on applying GPR across more diverse soil conditions.

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