Phenotypic homogeneity with minor deviance in osmotic fragility of Sahel goat erythrocytes in non-ionic sucrose media during various physiologic states

AbstractBackground:Erythrocyte swelling in non-ionic sucrose media and the subsequent osmotic lysis are influenced by mechanisms of regulatory volume adjustment and osmotic water permeability. Kinetics of transmembrane water and ion fluxes in varied physiologic states may determine the phenotype of erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and affect estimates of EOF.Methods:Effects of sex, age, late pregnancy (third trimester) and lactation on the haemolysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes incubated in a series of hyposmotic non-ionic sucrose media were investigated.Results:The fragiligram was sigmoidal in 72 (97%) out of 74 goats. Two male (3%) goats with low and high extreme median erythrocyte fragilities (MEF), had non-sigmoidal curves. The mean fragilities at osmolarities of 30–300 mosmol/L of sucrose and the mean osmolarities responsible for 10%–90% haemolysis (CHConclusions:Physiologic states of the goat did not affect EOF phenotype in non-ionic sucrose media. Sigmoidal fragility phenotype seemed to be homogeneously conserved by osmoregulatory mechanisms not partitioned by sex, age, late pregnancy or lactation, but a minor non-sigmoidal curve might have occurred due to altered erythrocyte osmotic behaviour that would require further investigation.

Download Full-text

Influence of extracellular media’s ionic strength on the osmotic stability of Sahel goat erythrocytes

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2014-0014 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe ◽

Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Ionic Concentration ◽

Fragility Curve ◽

Osmotic Resistance ◽

Volume Changes ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽

Osmotic Stability ◽

Osmotic Lysis ◽

Sahel Goat

AbstractHeparinised blood was exposed to osmotic lysis in hypotonic buffered saline to evaluate erythrocyte membrane stability. When KThe erythrocyte osmotic fragility curve in saline was hyperbolic even when the ionic concentration was reduced by 50% with saccharides. Haemolysis was higher with EDTA than heparinised blood at saline concentrations of 90 and 150–180 mosmol/L. The fragility curve was sigmoidal and shifted to the left when saline was completely substituted with a saccharide. The non-ionic saccharides increased erythrocyte osmotic resistance linearly (r=0.88; p<0.02) from median to minimal hyposmolarities (150–300 mosmol/L) and reduced the osmolyte concentration at median fragility by 36%. No effect occurred at <30–120 mosmol/L and >90% fragility; and saccharide concentrations were almost non-lytic at comparable saline concentrations evoking <10% haemolysis. Fragilities were neither affected by period (30–60 min) of incubation nor the type of saccharide used.In this study, the variation in osmotic stability of caprine erythrocytes was linked to ionic strength of the suspending extracellular media which seemed to exert an influence through transmembrane ion fluxes and regulatory volume changes in erythrocytes.

Download Full-text

Phenotypic variations in osmotic lysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes in non-ionic glucose media

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe ◽

Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe

Keyword(s):

Glucose Transporter ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Transporter Protein ◽

Extracellular Glucose ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Osmotic Lysis ◽

Sahel Goat ◽

In Vitro Interaction

AbstractErythrocyte osmotic lysis in deionised glucose media is regulated by glucose influx, cation efflux, and changes in cell volume after water diffusion. Transmembrane fluxes may be affected by varied expression of glucose transporter protein and susceptibility of membrane proteins to glucose-induced glycosylation and oxidation in various physiologic states.Variations in haemolysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes after incubation in hyposmotic non-ionic glucose media, associated with sex, age, late pregnancy, and lactation, were investigated.The osmotic fragility curve in glucose media was sigmoidal with erythrocytes from goats in late pregnancy (PRE) or lactation (LAC) or from kid (KGT) or middle-aged (MGT) goats. Non-sigmoidal phenotype occurred in yearlings (YGT) and old (OGT) goats. The composite fragility phenotype for males and non-pregnant dry (NPD) females was non-sigmoidal. Erythrocytes with non-sigmoidal curves were more stable than those with sigmoidal curves because of inflectional shift of the curve to the left. Erythrocytes tended to be more fragile with male than female sex, KGT and MGT than YGT and OGT, and LAC and PRE than NPD. Thus, sex, age, pregnancy, and lactation affected the haemolytic pattern of goat erythrocytes in glucose media.The physiologic state of the goat affected the in vitro interaction of glucose with erythrocytes, causing variations in osmotic stability with variants of fragility phenotype. Variations in the effect of high extracellular glucose concentrations on the functions of membrane-associated glucose transporter, aquaporins, and the cation cotransporter were presumed to be relevant in regulating the physical properties of goat erythrocytes under osmotic stress.

Download Full-text

Flow cytometric determination of osmotic behaviour of animal erythrocytes toward their engineering for drug delivery

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind140124021k ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 67-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ivana Kostic ◽

Vesna Ilic ◽

Katarina Bukara ◽

Slavko Mojsilovic ◽

Zorka Djuric ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽

Erythrocyte Shape ◽

Osmotic Behaviour ◽

Bovine Erythrocytes ◽

Osmotic Properties

Despite the fact that the methods based on the osmotic properties of the cells are the most widely used for loading of drugs in human and animal erythrocytes, data related to the osmotic properties of erythrocytes derived from animal blood are scarce. This work was performed with an aim to investigate the possibility of use the flow cytometry as a tool for determination the osmotic behaviour of porcine and bovine erythrocytes, and thus facilitate the engineering of erythrocytes from animal blood to be drug carriers. The method of flow cytometry successfully provided the information about bovine and porcine erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and made the initial steps in assessment of erythrocyte shape in a large number of erythrocytes. Although this method is not able to confirm the swelling of pig erythrocytes, it indicated to the differences in pig erythrocytes that had basic hematological parameters inside and outside the reference values. In order to apply/use the porcine and bovine erythrocytes as drug carriers, the method of flow cytometry, confirming the presence of osmotically different fractions of red blood cells, indicated that various amounts of the encapsulated drug in porcine and bovine erythrocytes can be expected.

Download Full-text

Optimization of SPECT/CT imaging protocols for quantitative and qualitative 99mTc SPECT

EJNMMI Physics ◽

10.1186/s40658-021-00405-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dennis Kupitz ◽

Heiko Wissel ◽

Jan Wuestemann ◽

Stephanie Bluemel ◽

Maciej Pech ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Quantitative Imaging ◽

Scatter Correction ◽

Reconstruction Algorithm ◽

Weighting Factor ◽

Quantitative Spect ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Spect Acquisition ◽

The Mean ◽

A Minor

Abstract Background The introduction of hybrid SPECT/CT devices enables quantitative imaging in SPECT, providing a methodological setup for quantitation using SPECT tracers comparable to PET/CT. We evaluated a specific quantitative reconstruction algorithm for SPECT data using a 99mTc-filled NEMA phantom. Quantitative and qualitative image parameters were evaluated for different parametrizations of the acquisition and reconstruction protocol to identify an optimized quantitative protocol. Results The reconstructed activity concentration (ACrec) and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of all examined protocols (n = 16) were significantly affected by the parametrization of the weighting factor k used in scatter correction, the total number of iterations and the sphere volume (all, p < 0.0001). The two examined SPECT acquisition protocols (with 60 or 120 projections) had a minor impact on the ACrec and no significant impact on the SNR. In comparison to the known AC, the use of default scatter correction (k = 0.47) or object-specific scatter correction (k = 0.18) resulted in an underestimation of ACrec in the largest sphere volume (26.5 ml) by − 13.9 kBq/ml (− 16.3%) and − 7.1 kBq/ml (− 8.4%), respectively. An increase in total iterations leads to an increase in estimated AC and a decrease in SNR. The mean difference between ACrec and known AC decreased with an increasing number of total iterations (e.g., for 20 iterations (2 iterations/10 subsets) = − 14.6 kBq/ml (− 17.1%), 240 iterations (24i/10s) = − 8.0 kBq/ml (− 9.4%), p < 0.0001). In parallel, the mean SNR decreased significantly from 2i/10s to 24i/10s by 76% (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Quantitative SPECT imaging is feasible with the used reconstruction algorithm and hybrid SPECT/CT, and its consistent implementation in diagnostics may provide perspectives for quantification in routine clinical practice (e.g., assessment of bone metabolism). When combining quantitative analysis and diagnostic imaging, we recommend using two different reconstruction protocols with task-specific optimized setups (quantitative vs. qualitative reconstruction). Furthermore, individual scatter correction significantly improves both quantitative and qualitative results.

Download Full-text

On the origin of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in the blood of fetal sheep

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1040279 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 279-283 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. C. Liggins ◽

J.-C. Schellenberg ◽

F. Amato ◽

B. Godfrey ◽

R. F. Seamark

Keyword(s):

Significant Contribution ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽

Fetal Sheep ◽

Intact Group ◽

The Mean ◽

Ovine Fetal

ABSTRACT Total sulphoconjugated and unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and total oestrone were measured in plasma of intact sheep fetuses, fetuses hypophysectomized at 104–112 days and fetuses bilaterally adrenalectomized at 98–101 days. At 120–127 days, the mean concentrations of total DHA and oestrone in intact fetuses (n = 13) were 29·7 ± 4·2 (s.e.m.) nmol/l and 14·3 ± 2·8 nmol/l respectively. At term, the values for total DHA and oestrone in hypophysectomized fetuses (n = 13) of 18·0 ± 1·9 nmol/l and 9·1 ±2·0 nmol/l were significantly (P <0·05) lower than the intact group whereas in the adrenalectomized fetuses (n = 8) total DHA (80·8±13·0 nmol/l) was higher (P < 0·05) and total oestrone values were similar to the intact animals. Intrafetal infusion of cortisol at term (1 mg/h for 84 h) raised levels of total oestrone in intact (n = 6; 12·3 ± 2·9 vs 31·6± 8·5 nmol/l) and adrenalectomized (n = 4; 14·2 ± 2·6 vs 190·6 ± 53·0 nmol/l) fetuses and of total DHA in hypophysectomized fetuses (n = 7; 16·0±1·9 vs 31·6 ± 8·5 nmol/l) while infusion of ACTH(1–24) (5 μg/h) was without significant effect in any group. It is concluded that the ovine fetal adrenal in late pregnancy makes no significant contribution either to the high circulating concentrations of DHA sulphate or to the substrates for placental oestrogen synthesis. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 279–283

Download Full-text

DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON TESTOSTERON UND EPITESTOSTERON BEI FRAUEN AM ENDE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0600579 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 579-585

Author(s):

K. Schollberg ◽

E. Seiler ◽

J. Holtorff

Keyword(s):

Urinary Excretion ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Mean Values ◽

Pregnant Females ◽

Female Foetus ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Normal Women ◽

In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone by women in late pregnancy has been studied. The mean values of 22 normal women in pregnancy mens X are 12.9 ± 9.2 μg/24 h in the case of testosterone and 16.1 ± 16.2 μg/24 h in the case of epitestosterone. Both values do not differ significantly from those of non-pregnant females. The excretion values of mothers bearing a male foetus (17.3 ± 8.9 μg/24 h) are higher than those of mothers with a female foetus (6.4 ± 4.8 μg/24 h). The difference is statistically significant with P = 0.01.

Download Full-text

Minor Changes in Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 (TAAR5) Knockout Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7307

Author(s):

Ilya S. Zhukov ◽

Larisa G. Kubarskaya ◽

Inessa V. Karpova ◽

Anastasia N. Vaganova ◽

Marina N. Karpenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knockout Mice ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽

Trace Amine ◽

Socially Relevant ◽

The Impact

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in the olfactory epithelium, central nervous system, and periphery. TAAR family generally consists of nine types of receptors (TAAR1-9), which can detect biogenic amines. During the last 5 years, the TAAR5 receptor became one of the most intriguing receptors in this subfamily. Recent studies revealed that TAAR5 is involved not only in sensing socially relevant odors but also in the regulation of dopamine and serotonin transmission, emotional regulation, and adult neurogenesis by providing significant input from the olfactory system to the limbic brain areas. Such results indicate that future antagonistic TAAR5-based therapies may have high pharmacological potential in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders. TAAR5 is known to be expressed in leucocytes as well. To evaluate potential hematological side effects of such future treatments we analyzed several hematological parameters in mice lacking TAAR5. In these mutants, we observed minor but significant changes in the osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes and hematocrit levels. At the same time, analysis of other parameters including complete blood count and reticulocyte levels showed no significant alterations in TAAR5 knockout mice. Thus, TAAR5 gene knockout leads to minor negative changes in the erythropoiesis or eryptosis processes, and further research in that field is needed. The impact of TAAR5 deficiency on other hematological parameters seems minimal. Such negative, albeit minor, effects of TAAR5 deficiency should be taken into account during future TAAR5-based therapy development.

Download Full-text