Flow cytometric determination of osmotic behaviour of animal erythrocytes toward their engineering for drug delivery

Despite the fact that the methods based on the osmotic properties of the cells are the most widely used for loading of drugs in human and animal erythrocytes, data related to the osmotic properties of erythrocytes derived from animal blood are scarce. This work was performed with an aim to investigate the possibility of use the flow cytometry as a tool for determination the osmotic behaviour of porcine and bovine erythrocytes, and thus facilitate the engineering of erythrocytes from animal blood to be drug carriers. The method of flow cytometry successfully provided the information about bovine and porcine erythrocyte osmotic fragility, and made the initial steps in assessment of erythrocyte shape in a large number of erythrocytes. Although this method is not able to confirm the swelling of pig erythrocytes, it indicated to the differences in pig erythrocytes that had basic hematological parameters inside and outside the reference values. In order to apply/use the porcine and bovine erythrocytes as drug carriers, the method of flow cytometry, confirming the presence of osmotically different fractions of red blood cells, indicated that various amounts of the encapsulated drug in porcine and bovine erythrocytes can be expected.

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Minor Changes in Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 5 (TAAR5) Knockout Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22147307 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (14) ◽

pp. 7307

Author(s):

Ilya S. Zhukov ◽

Larisa G. Kubarskaya ◽

Inessa V. Karpova ◽

Anastasia N. Vaganova ◽

Marina N. Karpenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knockout Mice ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Gene Knockout ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽

Trace Amine ◽

Socially Relevant ◽

The Impact

Trace amine-associated receptors (TAARs) are a group of G protein-coupled receptors that are expressed in the olfactory epithelium, central nervous system, and periphery. TAAR family generally consists of nine types of receptors (TAAR1-9), which can detect biogenic amines. During the last 5 years, the TAAR5 receptor became one of the most intriguing receptors in this subfamily. Recent studies revealed that TAAR5 is involved not only in sensing socially relevant odors but also in the regulation of dopamine and serotonin transmission, emotional regulation, and adult neurogenesis by providing significant input from the olfactory system to the limbic brain areas. Such results indicate that future antagonistic TAAR5-based therapies may have high pharmacological potential in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders. TAAR5 is known to be expressed in leucocytes as well. To evaluate potential hematological side effects of such future treatments we analyzed several hematological parameters in mice lacking TAAR5. In these mutants, we observed minor but significant changes in the osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes and hematocrit levels. At the same time, analysis of other parameters including complete blood count and reticulocyte levels showed no significant alterations in TAAR5 knockout mice. Thus, TAAR5 gene knockout leads to minor negative changes in the erythropoiesis or eryptosis processes, and further research in that field is needed. The impact of TAAR5 deficiency on other hematological parameters seems minimal. Such negative, albeit minor, effects of TAAR5 deficiency should be taken into account during future TAAR5-based therapy development.

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Hematological Parameters and Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility in Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Experimentally Infected with Pseudomonas putida

Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science ◽

10.3923/jfas.2009.246.253 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 246-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Bektas ◽

O. Ayik

Keyword(s):

Rainbow Trout ◽

Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Pseudomonas Putida ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility

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Phenotypic homogeneity with minor deviance in osmotic fragility of Sahel goat erythrocytes in non-ionic sucrose media during various physiologic states

Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Nanacha Afifi Igbokwe ◽

Ikechukwu Onyebuchi Igbokwe

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽

Osmotic Water ◽

Sigmoidal Curve ◽

Osmotic Lysis ◽

Osmotic Behaviour ◽

The Mean ◽

A Minor ◽

Sahel Goat

AbstractBackground:Erythrocyte swelling in non-ionic sucrose media and the subsequent osmotic lysis are influenced by mechanisms of regulatory volume adjustment and osmotic water permeability. Kinetics of transmembrane water and ion fluxes in varied physiologic states may determine the phenotype of erythrocyte osmotic fragility (EOF) and affect estimates of EOF.Methods:Effects of sex, age, late pregnancy (third trimester) and lactation on the haemolysis of Sahel goat erythrocytes incubated in a series of hyposmotic non-ionic sucrose media were investigated.Results:The fragiligram was sigmoidal in 72 (97%) out of 74 goats. Two male (3%) goats with low and high extreme median erythrocyte fragilities (MEF), had non-sigmoidal curves. The mean fragilities at osmolarities of 30–300 mosmol/L of sucrose and the mean osmolarities responsible for 10%–90% haemolysis (CHConclusions:Physiologic states of the goat did not affect EOF phenotype in non-ionic sucrose media. Sigmoidal fragility phenotype seemed to be homogeneously conserved by osmoregulatory mechanisms not partitioned by sex, age, late pregnancy or lactation, but a minor non-sigmoidal curve might have occurred due to altered erythrocyte osmotic behaviour that would require further investigation.

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The influence of probiotic drug Biolax-U on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in cows

Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production) ◽

10.33920/sel-05-2007-07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 70-76

Author(s):

A. Farkhutdinova

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Control Group ◽

Animal Blood ◽

Black And White ◽

White Breed

The expediency of using the probiotic drug Biolax-U in the rations of lactating and dry cows of Black-and-White breed has been studied and scientifically proved. The influence of this drug on the morphological and biochemical parameters of animal blood has been determined. The composition of the probiotic drug Biolax-U consists of eight strains of a balanced complex of living lactic acid bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes, as well as biologically active substances. For experimental studies conducted on 2 groups of cows have been selected by the method of pairs-analogs, the influence of feeding of feed have been prepared with the use of the microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U on feed consumption, morphological and biochemical changes in blood has been studied. Analysis of the rations of cows indicates that the content of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc and cobalt in the feed has been reduced. It has been found by studies that the use of probiotic drug Biolax-U had the positive influence on the feed intake, digestibility and better assimilation of feed nutrients and contributed to the improvement of blood morphological and biochemical parameters. For example, in animals of the experimental group hemoglobin has increased by 3,6 % (Р < 0,05), red blood cells by 10,1 (P ≤ 0,05), the content of leukocytes by 4,43, carotene by 9,6, glucose by 3,4; reserve alkalinity by 15,6, calcium by 19,4 (P ≤ 0,01), and phosphorus by 18,4 % compared with the control group of animals. During the lactation significantly improved hematological parameters including alkalinity reserve by 5,11 %, calcium level by 11,1, phosphorus by 8,6, hemoglobin by 14,2 %, the content of erythrocytes by 12,3, leukocyte by 3,86, and carotene 11,1 % against the parameters of animals of control group. The improvement of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood of cows indicates about stimulating effect on hematopoiesis and the general clinical condition of animals that contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes when using feed prepared with the use of microbiological drug with probiotic action Biolax-U.

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Flow cytometry in the analysis of hematological parameters of tilapias: applications in environmental aquatic toxicology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-020-12119-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Moreira Mendonça Gomes ◽

Ives Charlie-Silva ◽

Anderson Kenedy Santos ◽

Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende ◽

Juliana A. S. Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Aquatic Toxicology

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Effects of melatonin on cloacal temperature and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in layer hens during the hot-dry season

Journal of Applied Animal Research ◽

10.1080/09712119.2014.888003 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 52-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Victor Olusegun Sinkalu ◽

Joseph Olusegun Ayo ◽

Ariyo Adelaja Abimbola ◽

Josiah Egbamushe Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Fragility ◽

Dry Season ◽

Erythrocyte Osmotic Fragility ◽

Hot Dry Season ◽

Layer Hens

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Osmotic equilibria in fibroblasts in tissue culture measured by immersion refractometry

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1958.0057 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 149 (934) ◽

pp. 130-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Osmotic Pressure ◽

Regression Line ◽

Fluid Medium ◽

Physiological Conditions ◽

Chick Heart ◽

Osmotic Behaviour ◽

Osmotic Properties ◽

Saline Medium

Volume-osmotic pressure relationships at equilibrium have been obtained in chick heart fibroblasts grown in slide-coverslip cultures in a fluid medium consisting of heparinized plasma and embryo extract. The refractive index of the fibroblast gives a direct measure of its solid concentration, and the volume is estimated as the reciprocal of concentration. The volume is found to be linearly related to the reciprocal of the osmotic pressure over a range from 130 to 587 m-osm, provided the measurements are carried out rapidly at 38°C. The isotonic water content of the cells derived from the gradient of the regression line on the basis of the simple Boyle-van’t Hoff Law was found to be less than actual water content obtained by direct refractometry, i. e. the value of Ponder’s ℛ was 0⋅94 (s. d. 0⋅04). In cultures grown in a simple saline medium and measured at 22°C the volume was related linearly to the reciprocal of the osmotic pressure only between the limits of 330 and 191 m-osm. Outside these limits the volume was greater than expected and this was attributed to alterations in the semi-permeable properties of the cell membrane. The value of Ponder’s ℛ in these cultures was 1⋅15. The importance of the quantity, ℛ, as applied to cells other than the erythrocyte, is indicated. The value, 0⋅94 (s. d. 0⋅04), obtained in fibroblasts under physiological conditions is not explicable on the basis of the probable osmotic properties in vitro of the cell proteins. The discrepancy is within the experimental error, but it may also be due to abnormal osmotic behaviour of the cell proteins resulting from some form of intermolecular structure in the cytoplasm.

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