The relationship between the level of education and accuracy of insulin injection techniques in DM patients with measurement of HbA1c values

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisyah Achmad ◽  
Fatchur Rohmi Latifatus Sholihah ◽  
Wanda Fenny Oktavianti ◽  
Laksmi Sasiarini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Injection Techniques ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBackgroundInsulin therapy is a major part of diabetes treatment. The insulin injection technique must be done accurately and needs a professional process for diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. The aim of this research is to evaluate the relationship of education level pertaining to the accuracy of insulin injection techniques through HbA1c values.MethodsWe used a cross-sectional study with sampling using a purposive technique according to the inclusion criteria: diagnosed with DM and using insulin therapy with/without a combination of oral antidiabetic drugs, having HbA1c levels of data ± 3 months from the time of study, willing to become research respondents by signing informed consent. The study was conducted by filling out the questionnaire Forum for Injection Technique and Therapy Expert Recommendation (FITTER) and interviews.ResultsFifty subjects with primary education were able to perform insulin injection techniques with 20% accuracy while subjects with secondary education level showed 14% accuracy, and higher education 2%. All of these results had HbA1c values > 6.5%. 100 % of the subjects were provided with educational resources and 78% had a care-giver at home. Statistical analysis of correlation between levels of education with the accuracy of the insulin injection technique was carried out through the Somers’ correlation test (p = 0.81, r = −0.03). This study shows there is no relationship between the level of education and the accuracy of insulin injection techniques through HbA1c values. This might occur due to several factors such as information sources and caregiver’s practice.

scholarly journals Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeladlew Kassie Netere ◽  
Eyayaw Ashete ◽  
Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽  
Sewunet Admasu Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Insulin Storage ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders and resulting from deficits in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin therapy is primarily required to attain the recommended goal of blood sugar. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection technique of patients. Methods : An interview based cross-sectional study was conducted in conveniently selected participants in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from March, 1, 2019 to May, 30, 2019. Knowledge and practice were measured by administering structured questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1–5 through face-to-face interviews and skills were assessed by five observational (demonstration) techniques from a total of 166 clients. Results: Of the total 166 participants, 54.8% were males and the mean age was 38.46±13.8 years . The overall knowledge (65.4%.) and practice (53.89%) rate on insulin storage and handling techniques were showed moderate knowledge and fair practices. About 94.6% of participants correctly shown insulin injection sites. One-way ANOVA showed that the level of education [F (3, 162) = 7.283, p<0.001], ways of instruction of insulin injection [F (2, 163) =3.32, p = 0.039], insulin therapy duration [F (3,162) = 3.59, p= 0.015] and assessing insulin storage [F (2,163) = 4.45, p = 0.013] had a significant effect on level of knowledge. Similarly, knowledge level [F (2,163) = 14.17, p < 0.001], educational status [F (3,162) = 10.57, p <0.001], occupation type [F (4,161) = 5.43, p <0.001], time since insulin therapy [F (3, 162) = 5.46, p = 0.001] and diagnosis [F (3,162) = 3.36, p= 0.02] had a significant effect on patients’ insulin storage and administration practices. Conclusion: Patient had marginal knowledge and practices on insulin storage and administration techniques. The patients’ skills on the important and critical steps of administrations are poor. The engagements of healthcare professionals and stakeholders should be in developments of instructions and guidelines are very crucial in addition to focusing on educating and changing their wrong perceptions, believes and attitudes towards storage and administering techniques.

scholarly journals Practice of insulin injection techniques among persons with diabetes in central India: an observational survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Animesh Choudhary ◽  
Jitendra Chouhan ◽  
Sanjeev Gulati ◽  
Jogesh Kumar Vishandasani
Keyword(s):  
Injection Site ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Injection Techniques ◽  
Tertiary Care Centers

Background:  Correct injection technique used by the patient can determine the outcomes with insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus, however most patients on insulin remain unaware of the proper insulin injection techniques. The purpose of this study was to assess the current practice of insulin administration among diabetes patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 tertiary care centers delivering specialized diabetes care in central India from November 2019 to February 2020. The study included patients (n=150) using insulin for at least three months by either syringe or pen. All of them answered a survey questionnaire which focused on key insulin injection parameters.Results: Abdomen was the most common (53.33%) site of insulin injection. About 95.33% of subjects were following the injection site rotation instructions. The practice of hand washing, and cleaning of the injection site was practiced by 120 (80%) and 112 (74.66%) respondents respectively. Needle reuse was a common practice, and 146 (97.33%) subjects were using the same needle more than once. Around 73.33% were storing insulin at proper temperature, while 54.66 % reported having pain at the injection site and 14.66% had noticed persistent swelling at their injection sites. Conclusions: There is a significant gap between the insulin administration guidelines and current insulin injection practice. Education and counseling about proper insulin injection techniques should be provided to all persons with diabetes to ensure optimal usage of the drug to achieve the desired glycemic control.

scholarly journals Evaluations of knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection handling techniques of patients in Ethiopian primary hospitals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeladlew Kassie Netere ◽  
Eyayaw Ashete ◽  
Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes ◽  
Sewunet Admasu Belachew
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Insulin Storage ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Abstract Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders and resulting from deficits in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin therapy is primarily required to attain the recommended goal of blood sugar. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, skills and practices of insulin storage and injection technique of patients.Methods: An interview based cross-sectional study was conducted in conveniently selected participants in Northwest Ethiopian primary hospitals from March, 1, 2019 to May, 30, 2019. Knowledge and practice were measured by administering structured questionnaire with a Likert scale of 1–5 through face-to-face interviews and skills were assessed by five observational (demonstration) techniques from a total of 166 clients.Results: Of the total 166 participants, 54.8% were males and the mean age was 38.33±14 years. The overall knowledge (65.4%.) and practice (53.89%) rate on insulin storage and handling techniques were showed moderate knowledge and fair practices. About 94.6% of participants correctly shown insulin injection sites. One-way ANOVA showed that the level of education [F (3, 162) = 7.283, p<0.001], ways of instruction of insulin injection [F (2, 163) =3.32, p = 0.039], insulin therapy duration [F (3,162) = 3.59, p= 0.015] and assessing insulin storage [F (2,163) = 4.45, p = 0.013] had a significant effect on level of knowledge. Similarly, knowledge level [F (2,163) = 14.17, p < 0.001], educational status [F (3,162) = 10.57, p <0.001], occupation type [F (4,161) = 5.43, p <0.001], time since insulin therapy [F (3, 162) = 5.46, p = 0.001] and diagnosis [F (3,162) = 3.36, p= 0.02] had a significant effect on patients’ insulin storage and administration practices. Conclusion: Patient had marginal knowledge and practices on insulin storage and administration techniques. The patients’ skills on the important and critical steps of administrations are poor. The engagements of healthcare professionals and stakeholders should be in developments of instructions and guidelines are very crucial in addition to focusing on educating and changing their wrong perceptions, believes and attitudes towards storage and administering techniques.

scholarly journals Knowledge of Diabetic patients about Insulin injection technique.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2122-2127
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Wajad Munir ◽  
Wajahat Sultan Baig ◽  
Abida Mateen Ansari ◽  
Shazia Saddiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Adequate Knowledge

Diabetes mellitus is leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most of them are due to its macro and microvascular complication. Objectives: To determine the accuracy of insulin injection technique in adult diabetic patients between age of 20 to 50 years on insulin therapy for ≥02 years. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: From March to August, 2016. Subjects: All diabetic patients between age 20 to 50 years and on insulin therapy for >02 years were enrolled in the current study. Material & Methods: A total of 260 diabetic patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria, visiting the emergency or medical OPD, who gave informed consent were enrolled. The patient′s knowledge was categorized as "Adequate" or "Inadequate" on the basis of his/her score. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 22 software. Results: The mean (±SD) age of all patients was 36.8 (± 8.5) years. Out of 260 patients, 150 (57.3%) patients were female and 138 (53.1%) lived in urban areas. Majority of patients, 141 (54.2%) received knowledge regarding insulin injection technique from doctors and 98(37.7%) received knowledge from family member or friend. Out of 260, 64 (24.6%) patients had adequate knowledge, while 196 (75.4%) patients had inadequate knowledge score. Conclusions: One quarter of the patients has adequate knowledge about insulin injection techniques. Based on our findings there is a need to conduct awareness campaigns at the community level to impart useful knowledge about diabetes and its various aspects like insulin injections techniques.

scholarly journals The Relationship Of Insulin‑Like Growth Factor 1 With Bone Mass In Obese Female

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1041-1046
Author(s):  
Adek Ardiansyah ◽  
Lilik Herawati ◽  
Damayanti Tinduh
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to analyze the relationship of insulin-like growth factor 1 with bone mass in obese female. This study used a cross sectional study method using 30 obese women aged 19-23 years, body mass index (BMI) 25-35 kg / m2, normal blood pressure, normal resting heart rate (RHR), normal hemoglobin (Hb). and fasting blood glucose (FBG) <100 mg / dL. Measurement of IGF-1 levels used the Enzym Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Measurement of bone mass using TANITA (Body Composition Analyzer DC3607601 (2) -1604 FA, TANITA Corporation of America, Inc., USA). The data analysis technique used the Pearson product-moment test with Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results showed that mean levels of IGF-1 (1.17 ± 0.10) ng / mL and bone mass (2.49 ± 0.06) kg (r = 0.712, P ≤ 0.001). Our findings suggest that there was a positive correlation between IGF-1 levels and bone mass

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PAPARAN PORNOGRAFI MELALUI TELEVISI DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL REMAJA SMA NEGERI 2 KENDARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Yustiari Yustiari ◽  
Syahrianti Syahrianti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Television Media ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The use of technology nowadays increasingly facilitates communication without being limited by space and time. At present print and electronic media is an environment that is close to teenagers. Television is an electronic media that is easily accessible to teenagers because of the large amount of information and news broadcast. This study aims to determine the relationship of exposure to pornography through television with teenage sexual behavior of SMAN 2 Kendari. Type of research is analytical, with the research design used is the Cross Sectional Study. The research sample was 69 people. With the inclusion criteria willing to take part in the study by signing the consent sheet and being a teenager attending school at SMAN 2 Kendari. Most respondents 36 people (53.1%) had exposure to pornography from low television media. Mild sexual behavior of 60 respondents (86.96%). The majority of sexual behavior that respondents often do when their boyfriend is holding hands 40 (57.9%). A total of 5 respondents (7.2%) did kisses involving the tongue during dating. Most respondents have peer behavior that is low (57.9%). Based on the results of the study there is a significant relationship between exposure to pornography from television media and teenage sexual behavior (p<0.05).

Frailty in Caregivers and Its Relationship with Psychological Stress and Resilience: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Deficit Accumulation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
M. F.S. Bersani ◽  
F.S. Bersani ◽  
F. Sciancalepore ◽  
M. Salzillo ◽  
M. Cesari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Accumulation Model ◽  
Emotional Strain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Studies increasingly suggest that chronic exposure to psychological stress can lead to health deterioration and accelerated ageing, thus possibly contributing to the development of frailty. Recent approaches based on the deficit accumulation model measure frailty on a continuous grading through the “Frailty Index” (FI), i.e. a macroscopic indicator of biological senescence and functional status. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed at testing the relationship of FI with caregiving, psychological stress, and psychological resilience. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study, with case-control and correlational analyses. PARTICIPANTS: Caregivers of patients with dementia (n=64), i.e. individuals a priori considered to be exposed to prolonged psychosocial stressors, and matched controls (n=64) were enrolled. MEASUREMENTS: The two groups were compared using a 38-item FI condensing biological, clinical, and functional assessments. Within caregivers, the association of FI with Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) was tested. RESULTS: Caregivers had higher FI than controls (F=8.308, p=0.005). FI was associated directly with PSS (r=0.660, p<0.001) and inversely with BRS (r=-0.637, p<0.001). Findings remained significant after adjusting for certain confounding variables, after excluding from the FI the conditions directly related to psychological stress, and when the analyses were performed separately among participants older and younger than 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide insight on the relationship of frailty with caregiving, psychological stress, and resilience, with potential implications for the clinical management of individuals exposed to chronic emotional strain.

Impact of cigarette package warnings on attitudes towards sharing and gifting cigarettes in China: a nationwide study of smokers and non-smokers

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056160
Author(s):  
Yanhui Liao ◽  
Jinsong Tang ◽  
Ann McNeill ◽  
Brian C Kelly ◽  
Joanna E Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cigarette Package

BackgroundSharing and gifting cigarettes are common in China. These social practices promote cigarette consumption, and consequently may reduce quit rates in China. This study investigated sharing and gifting cigarettes, and the relationship of observing pictorial health warnings to attitudes towards sharing and gifting cigarettes in China.MethodsWe conducted an online nationwide cross-sectional study of 9818 adults in China. Experiences of sharing and gifting cigarettes, and attitudes towards sharing and gifting cigarettes before and after viewing text and pictorial health warnings on the packages were assessed, and compared between smokers and non-smokers.ResultsMost current smokers reported experiences of sharing (97%) and gifting (around 90%) cigarettes. Less than half of non-smokers reported sharing cigarettes and receiving gifted cigarettes, but over half (61.4%) gave cigarettes as a gift to others. More than half of non-smokers but less than 10% of smokers disagreed with sharing and gifting cigarettes. After observing both text and pictorial health warnings on the packages, disagreement with sharing and gifting cigarettes increased by more than 10 percentage points among both smokers and non-smokers.ConclusionHaving pictorial health warnings on cigarette packages may reduce sharing and gifting cigarettes in China.

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