Evaluation of Eu Cohesion Policy Impact on Regional Convergence: Do Culture Differences Matter?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Kristina Matuzevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
The North ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
The 1960S

Abstract Attention to the harmonised economic growth by promoting regional economic convergence was paid in the 1960s, at the commencement of European economic integration. It served as a basis for initiation of programs intended to reduce disparities among regions. For the current programming period (2014-2020) over 350 billion euro was allocated to promote cohesion (more than 340 billion for 2007-2013 and about 213 billion for 2000-2006) and a considerable part of that funding went specially to promote regional convergence; therefore, the analysis of regional convergence in the EU countries is essential due to both economic and financial reasons. Regional policy can be considered successful if regional disparities are found to be decreasing; however, research on convergence/divergence issue has not provided any unambiguous conclusions. We aim to enrich this field of analysis by incorporating cultural dimension while analysing the factors influencing regional convergence. In order to identify a causal link between culture and economic outcomes, we define culture as the customary beliefs and values that ethnic, religious and social groups transmit almost unchanged from generation to generation. Our research hypothesis is that regional policy impact on regional convergence differs between groups of countries characterised by historically diverse cultural experience. Using panel data approach like FD and covering the two last programming periods along with a set of variables to control country-specific economic environment, we investigate whether the success of Cohesion policy has depended on cultural differences in the north, south, west and central-east groups of European countries.

scholarly journals Implementation of community cohesion policy in Italy and its role in elimination of regional disparities

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Lewandowski
Keyword(s):  
Future Development ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Community Cohesion ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Community Policy ◽  
Barriers And Opportunities ◽  
Programming Period

The objective of this paper is to present the contribution of Community regional policy funds to achieving socio-economic cohesion of Italian regions eligible under Objective 1, as well as to discuss future development barriers and opportunities of these regions. The paper also provides a description of Italy's adjustment to the Community policy, the funds exploited by cohesive regions during the 2000-2006 programming period and their efficiency in the elimination of regional disparities.

scholarly journals Integrated Territorial Investments in the Formula of Cohesion Policy 2014 - 2020

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Financial Allocation

Abstract Subject and purpose of work: EU regional policy aims to increase the economic and social cohesion of the Member States. For the programming period of 2014 - 2020 a new tool has been planned, which will contribute to the effective implementation of the cohesion policy - Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI). The aim of this article is to determine whether the direction of measures arising from the assumptions of the cohesion policy 2014 - 2020, implemented in the ITI strategy, addresses actual problems in the area covered by the ITI strategy (on the example of Kalisz-Ostrów Agglomeration - KOA). Materials and methods: The study was based on the analysis and synthesis of EU and Polish regulatory provisions on the cohesion policy 2014 - 2020, data on financial allocation for the implementation of the ITI and literature on the subject of EU regional policy. Results: The direction of measures arising from the assumptions of the cohesion policy 2014 - 2020 in the ITI strategy addresses real problems in the development of the area covered by the KOA strategy. EU funds have been planned for: promoting entrepreneurship; promoting low-carbon strategies; the development of an educated society and investments in modern infrastructure. Conclusions: Solving the problems of the areas covered by the ITI strategy will depend on the realization of the development goals. Therefore, the synergy of conditions associated with the transformation of the postulated stage into the executive stage of the cohesion policy under ITI is necessary. This synergy is associated with both the quality of human capital and the amount of financial resources as well as the competences of those involved in the implementation of the ITI concept.

scholarly journals Mediating Effects of Cohesion Policy and Institutional Quality on Convergence between EU Regions: An Examination Based on a Conditional Beta-Convergence Model with a 3-Way Multiplicative Term

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 3025
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Butkus ◽  
Alma Mačiulytė-Šniukienė ◽  
Kristina Matuzevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Quality ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Regional Convergence ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Mediating Factors ◽  
Conditional Beta ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
Convergence Model ◽  
Beta Convergence

The paper contributes to the existing literature on the EU’s Cohesion Policy outcomes by extending the conditional beta-convergence model with a 3-way multiplicative term to examine the mediating effects of the Cohesion Policy, institutional quality, and their interaction on regional convergence. The empirical analysis based on conditional slope coefficients and conditional standard errors provides evidence that both the mediating factors under consideration contribute positively to boosting regional convergence in the EU at the NUTS 2 and 3 disaggregation level, but with much bigger success over the 2007–2013 programming period compared to the previous one. Moreover, Cohesion Policy and institutional quality act as substituting rather than complementary mediating factors.

When Romania met the Cohesion Policy. Regional governance in-between national conventions and European ideals

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Brad
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Regional Governance ◽  
Theoretical Ground ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Redistributive Policy ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

This article is about the practice of territorial governance emerging at the junction of European Union-sanctioned ideals and Romanian development-planning traditions. On the one hand, the European agenda emphasises a smart, inclusive, sustainable model of economic growth. However, the persisting centralised workings of the Romanian state significantly alters the scope of regional interventions. As such, while core cities grew their economies swiftly, peripheral places were left in an unrelenting stagnation. My first aim is to provide a theoretical ground for a practicecentred approach to understanding territorial governance. Second, by drawing on Romania’s regional policy context as an example, I give an insight into how practices of partnership and competition fare in a context of ongoing territorial polarisation. I conclude by emphasising the need for a regional redistributive policy mechanism, one which should enable and assist non-core areas to access capacities for defining and implementing development projects.

The ‘Modernisation’ of Scotland and its Impact on Glasgow, 1955–1979: ‘Unwanted Side Effects’ and Vulnerabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chik Collins ◽  
Ian Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

This article reports findings of research into the far-reaching plan to ‘modernise’ the Scottish economy, which emerged from the mid-late 1950s and was formally adopted by government in the early 1960s. It shows the growing awareness amongst policy-makers from the mid-1960s as to the profoundly deleterious effects the implementation of the plan was having on Glasgow. By 1971 these effects were understood to be substantial with likely severe consequences for the future. Nonetheless, there was no proportionate adjustment to the regional policy which was creating these understood ‘unwanted’ outcomes, even when such was proposed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. After presenting these findings, the paper offers some consideration as to their relevance to the task of accounting for Glasgow's ‘excess mortality’. It is suggested that regional policy can be seen to have contributed to the accumulation of ‘vulnerabilities’, particularly in Glasgow but also more widely in Scotland, during the 1960s and 1970s, and that the impact of the post-1979 UK government policy agenda on these vulnerabilities is likely to have been salient in the increase in ‘excess mortality’ evident in subsequent years.

Freshwater and Heat Changes in the North and South Pacific Oceans between the 1960s and 1985–94

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1613-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie P. S. Wong ◽  
Nathaniel L. Bindoff ◽  
John A. Church
Keyword(s):  
South Pacific ◽  
The North ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
North And South

Fetal growth and the condition of pregnant northern fur seals off western North America from 1958 to 1972

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2125-2131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Trites
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gulf Of Alaska ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
The North ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
Northern Fur Seals ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The North Pacific

Annual estimates of the condition of pregnant northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and the size of their fetuses were determined from over 2600 samples collected in the North Pacific from 1958 to 1972. A condition index related the observed mass of pregnant females (adjusted for fetal mass) to their predicted mass (calculated from body length). It showed that females carrying male fetuses were in poorer condition than those carrying female fetuses. It also showed that the mean condition of pregnant females improved from 1958 to 1964, but dropped sharply in 1965. Body condition remained poor until 1972, when it plunged again. Fetal mass declined throughout the 1960s, unlike body length, which changed very little. It is suggested that fetal growth, particularly mass, is a sensitive indicator of feeding conditions during the last trimester of pregnancy while pregnant females are in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. It is further speculated that the condition index for adults reflects overall feeding conditions experienced throughout the annual migration.

Images of Race, Class, and Markets: Rethinking the Origin of U.S. Fair Housing Policy

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara S. Sidney
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
Executive Order ◽  
Fair Housing ◽  
Housing Discrimination ◽  
The North ◽  
American Values ◽  
Fair Housing Act ◽  
Housing Professionals ◽  
The 1960S

As the first national law to address racial discrimination in housing, the 1968 Fair Housing Act was truly a landmark piece of legislation. It prohibited homeowners, real-estate agents, lenders, and other housing professionals from engaging in a range of practices they had commonly used to keep neighborhoods racially segregated, such as refusing to sell or rent to a person because of his or her race, lying about the availability of a dwelling, or blockbusting (inducing white owners to sell by telling them that blacks were moving into the neighborhood). The last of the 1960s-era civil rights laws, the Fair Housing Act tackled the arena long felt to be the most sensitive to whites. Intense controversy, demonstrations, and violence over fair housing issues had occurred in many cities and states since at least the 1940s. Although John F. Kennedy promised during his presidential campaign to end housing discrimination “with the stroke of a pen,” once elected, he waited two years to sign a limited executive order. In 1966, a fair housing bill supported by President Johnson failed in Congress. Unlike other civil rights bills, the issue of housing evoked opposition not just from the South but also from the North. Opponents claimed that it challenged basic American values such as “a man's home is his castle”; to supporters, the symbolism of homeownership as “the American Dream” only underscored the importance of ensuring that housing was available to all Americans, regardless of race.

Reflecting on exploration in the North Sea in the 1960s

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Steenland
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The 1960S

scholarly journals An analysis of the contrasting fates of locust swarms on the plains of North America and East Asia

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1441-1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yu ◽  
X. Ke ◽  
H. D. Shen ◽  
Y. F. Li
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Abstract. Prior to ~1880 AD locust swarms periodically raged across both the North American Plains (NAP) and East Asian Plains (EAP). After this date, locust outbreaks almost never recurred on the NAP but have continued to cause problems on the EAP. The large quantities of pesticides used in the major agriculture regions of the NAP in the late 1870s have been suggested as a possible reason for the disappearance of locust outbreaks in this area. Extensive applications of modern, i.e. more effective, chemical pesticides were also used in the granary regions of the EAP in the 1950s in an effort to reduce pest outbreaks. However, locust swarms returned again in many areas of China in the 1960s. Therefore, locust extinction on the NAP still remains a puzzle. Frequent locust outbreaks on the EAP over the past 130 yr may offer clues to the key factors that control the disappearance of locust outbreaks on the NAP. This study analysed the climate extremes and monthly temperature–precipitation combinations for the NAP and EAP, and found that differences in the frequencies of these climate combinations resulted in the contrasting locust fates in the two regions: restricting locust outbreaks in the NAP but inducing such events in the EAP. Validation shows that severe EAP locust outbreak years were coincidental with extreme climate-combination years. Therefore, we suggest that changes in frequency, extremes and trends in climate can explain why the fate of locust outbreaks in the EAP was different from that in the NAP. The results also suggest that, with present global warming trends, precautionary measures should be taken to make sure other similar pest infestations do not occur in either region.

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