Piotr Machnikowski (ed), European Product Liability: An Analysis of the State of the Art in the Era of New Technologies (Intersentia, Cambridge 2016). ix+705pp. ISBN 978-1-78068-398–0. $141.51 (paperback).

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-319
Author(s):  
Luke Nottage
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Product Liability ◽  
The State ◽  
European Product

scholarly journals Análisis crítico de los NeuroDerechos Humanos al libre albedrío y al acceso equitativo a tecnologías de mejora.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-161
Author(s):  
Diego Alejandro Borbón Rodríguez ◽  
◽  
Luisa Fernanda Borbón Rodríguez ◽  
Jeniffer Laverde Pinzón
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Free Will ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Equitable Access ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Legal Limits

Advances in neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence have led to an innovative proposal to establish ethical and legal limits to the development of technologies: Human NeuroRights. In this sense, the article addresses, first, some advances in neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, as well as their ethical implications. Second, the state of the art on the innovative proposal of Human NeuroRights is exposed, specifically, the proposal of the NeuroRights Initiative of Columbia University. Third, the proposal for the rights of free will and equitable access to augmentation technologies is critically analyzed to conclude that, although it is necessary to propose new regulations for neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, the debate is still very premature as if to try to incorporate a new category of human rights that may be inconvenient or unnecessary. Finally, some considerations on how to regulate new technologies are explained and the conclusions of the work are presented.

Flight Training: A Status Report

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-246
Author(s):  
Robert C. Sugarman ◽  
K. Ronald Laughery
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Status Report ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Take The Best ◽  
Prime Factors

One of the prime factors that is influencing the training of aircrews is the introduction of “synthetic” training using ground-based simulators and trainers. Unfortunately, the state-of-the-art in simulation hardware has far outstripped our understanding of the corresponding ways in which the flight training syllabus can be changed to take the best advantage of the new technologies. Controversies are rampant. Some are based on politics, some on sketchy research results, but all are emotionally loaded.

scholarly journals Review on Friction and Wear Test Rigs: An Overview on the State of the Art in Tyre Tread Friction Evaluation

Lubricants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Andrea Genovese ◽  
Gennaro Antonio D’Angelo ◽  
Aleksandr Sakhnevych ◽  
Flavio Farroni
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
The State ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
Automotive Market

The future evolution of autonomous mobility and road transportation will require substantial improvements in tyre adherence optimization. As new technologies being deployed in tyre manufacturing reduce total vehicle energy consumption, the contribution of tyre friction for safety and performance enhancement continues to increase. For this reason, the tyre’s grip is starting to drive the focus of many tyre developments nowadays. This is because the tread compound attitude to maximize the interaction forces with the ground is the result of a mix of effects, involving polymer viscoelastic characteristics, road roughness profiles and the conditions under which each tyre works during its lifespan. In such a context, mainly concerning the automotive market, the testing, analysis and objectivation of the friction arising at the tread interface is performed by means of specific test benches called friction testers. This paper reviews the state of the art in such devices’ development and use, with a global overview of the measurement methodologies and with a classification based on the working and specimen motion principle. Most tyre friction testers allow one to manage the relative sliding speed and the contact pressure between the specimen and the counter-surface, while just some of them are able to let the user vary the testing temperature. Few devices can really take into account the road real roughness, carrying out outdoor measurements, useful because they involve actual contact phenomena, but very complex to control outside the laboratory environment.

Digital design and manufacturing on the cloud: A review of software and services—RETRACTED

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dazhong Wu ◽  
Janis Terpenny ◽  
Dirk Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Software

AbstractThis paper (Wu 2016), which was published in AI EDAM online on August 22, 2016, has been retracted by Cambridge University Press as it is very similar in content to a published ASME Conference Proceedings paper. The article in question and the ASME Conference Proceedings paper were submitted for review with AI EDAM and the ASME at similar times, but copyright was assigned to ASME before the paper was accepted in AI EDAM and therefore the article in AI EDAM is being retracted. (In recent years, industrial nations around the globe have invested heavily in new technologies, software, and services to advance digital design and manufacturing using cyber-physical systems, data analytics, and high-performance computing. Many of these initiatives, such as cloud-based design and manufacturing, fall under the umbrella of what has become known as Industry 4.0 or Industrial Internet and are often hailed as pillars of a new industrial revolution. While an increasing number of companies are developing or already offer commercial cloud-based software packages and services for digital design and manufacturing, little work has been reported on providing a review of the state of the art of these commercial software and services as well as identifying research gaps in this field. The objective of this paper is to present a state-of-the-art review of digital design and manufacturing software and services that are currently available on the cloud. The focus of this paper is on assessing to what extent engineering design, engineering analysis, manufacturing, and production across all phases of the product development lifecycles can already be performed based on the software and services accessed through the cloud. In addition, the key capabilities and benefits of these software packages and services are discussed. Based on the assessment of the core features of commercial software and services, it can be concluded that almost all phases of product realization can be conducted through digital design and manufacturing software and services on the cloud. Finally, existing research gaps and related challenges to overcome are identified. The state-of-the-art review serves to provide a technology guide for decision makers in their efforts to select suitable cloud-based software and services as alternatives to existing in-house resources as well as to recommend new research areas.)

Software as a Service and the Pricing Strategy for Vendors

2010 ◽  
pp. 154-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nizar Abdat ◽  
Marco Spruit ◽  
Menne Bos
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Software As A Service ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Digital Product

Software as a Service (SaaS) has been a dominant information technology (IT) news topic over the last few years. It is a new phenomenon where software as a digital product, instead of being locally installed and delivered as a product, has been shifted to being installed in data centers and delivered as a service. The users do not need to worry about the installation and maintenance of their software since these tasks have now become the responsibility of the vendor. In reality, many people are still puzzled about SaaS with other new technologies. Next to that, there are numerous enterprise users who hesitate to adopt SaaS solutions because of the idea of storing data outside their company. This chapter elaborates on the state-of-the-art of SaaS from both scientific and business perspectives to help readers better understand this technology.

scholarly journals A Scientometric-Based Review of Traffic Signal Control Methods and Experiments Based on Connected Vehicles and Floating Car Data (FCD)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5547
Author(s):  
Vittorio Astarita ◽  
Vincenzo Pasquale Giofrè ◽  
Giuseppe Guido ◽  
Alessandro Vitale
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Traffic Signal ◽  
The State ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Traffic Signal Control ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
City Management ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Floating Car Data

This paper reviews the state of the art in traffic signal control methods that are based on data coming from onboard smartphones or connected vehicles. The review of the state of the art is carried out by applying analytical scientometric tools (topic visualization, co-citation analysis to establish influential journals and references, country analysis based on coauthorship, trending-topics analysis carried out by overlay visualization). The introduction of autonomous and connected vehicles will allow city management organizations to introduce new intersection management systems that rely on real-time positional data coming from instrumented vehicles. Traditional vehicles also could benefit from these new technologies by profiting from better-regulated intersections. This paper using a scientometric approach frames all the scientific contributions aimed at the field of traffic signal methods and experiments based on connected vehicles and floating car data. The applied scientometric approach reveals trending ideas and concepts and identifies the relevant documents that can be consulted in order for scientists and professionals to develop further this field with the implementation of new traffic signal control systems that can “give the green light” to drivers.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted Interpreting Tools (CAI) and options for automation with Automatic Speech Recognition

Tradterm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
Luis Eduardo Schild Ortiz ◽  
Patrizia Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Level ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Potential Benefits

In recent years, several studies have indicated interpreters resist adopting new technologies. Yet, such technologies have enabled the development of several tools to help those professionals. In this paper, using bibliographical and documental research, we briefly analyse the tools cited by several authors to identify which ones remain up to date and available on the market. Following that, we present concepts about automation, and observe the usage of automatic speech recognition (ASR), while analysing its potential benefits and the current level of maturity of such an approach, especially regarding Computer-Assisted Interpreting (CAI) tools. The goal of this paper is to present the community of interpreters and researchers with a view of the state of the art in technology for interpreting as well as some future perspectives for this area.

Framing the state-of-the-art on the use of software for sustainable groundwater resource management in the African continent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Rossetto ◽  
Sara Veroli ◽  
Anis Chekirbane ◽  
Ezio Crestaz ◽  
Cesar Carmona-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Capacity Building ◽  
Open Source ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
The State ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

<p>Groundwater is a resource of increasing prominence in Africa whose potential has still to be developed in full capacity. While it is clear that data gathering is of outmost importance to achieve a certain level of knowledge for many African aquifer systems, Information and Communication Technology may support and boost efficient data management. This way, more technically sound and even community-based decisions may be made. In this context, we attempted to frame the state-of-the-art on the use of digital tools for supporting sustainable groundwater management in the African continent. By means of a comprehensive literature review and performing investigations via a structured questionnaire on ongoing practices at institutional/private sector level, the results allow a clear view on the present level of knowledge and on the diffusion of such tools.</p><p>At present the use of digital tools/groundwater numerical models is deemed to be an occasional activity, mostly applied for large engineering projects or basic modelling studies, rarely used for planning and management of the resource. All in all, their use in the period 2000-2020 can be considered low, with a clear difference between North Africa and Sub-Saharan African countries. Digital tools are recognised as needed tools by African institutions at national/regional level. However, skills and capacities are largely missing: the need for capacity building is (extremely) high. Commercial software solutions still dominate the market, while open source ones appear in increasing trend of usage in the last years.</p><p>Finally, main barriers in the use of digital tools are: i) scarcity of data, ii) inadequate resources (lack of computing resources), and iii) missing capacities (lack of computing skills). In addition to these, the lack of adequate and well-functioning Internet connection is considered one of the main bottleneck in favouring the spread of new technologies. Capacity building and knowledge transfer has then to be on top of the agenda for a digital groundwater governance in Africa. In particular, training should be directed to favour the use (and re-reuse) of open-source applications and the often huge amount of information and contents available. A generation of experts with a sounding interdisciplinary background should be able, in five to ten years, to properly manage ICT applications.</p>

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

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