Biotechnology and the WTO: A Review of some Selective Issues

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Der-Chin Horng
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regulatory Challenge ◽  
A Current

AbstractBiotechnology and the WTO have increasingly intersected following the growth of biotech trade. The regulatory challenge of biotechnology is a current subject of debate in the WTO. Biotechnology highlights emerging tensions between the effectiveness of the WTO law on biotech issues and the public health and the non-trade issues of biotech trade. Based on legal analysis, this paper reviews the policy issues caused by biotechnology and its implications on the organization and also considers the kind of policy options needed to achieve an appropriate balance between biotech interests and WTO discipline.

Utilitarian Commitments of Transhumanists and Their Sociopolitical Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-171
Author(s):  
Susan B. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
The Public ◽  
A Current ◽  
Strong Concern

Though transhumanists proclaim a bedrock commitment to personal autonomy, this commitment is undercut by evidence in their accounts of a utilitarian obligation to enhance. Their arguments invoke parallels with existing measures taken to promote the health and welfare of the public. Thereby, they reflect a current, broader tendency to extend the scope of “public health.” Their argumentative reliance on the sphere of public health manifests transhumanists’ willingness to defend their proposals on a utilitarian basis. Further, to avoid harming children-to-be, parents may be morally obliged to provide whatever bioenhancements are available when they make procreative decisions. Transhumanists’ notion that bioenhancement could be morally required, together with their utilitarian commitments, yields a strong concern that sociopolitical requirements would flow from the implementation of their agenda so as to put liberal democracy at risk. This risk has often been underappreciated by commentators across the spectrum of positions on bioenhancement.

Disease Prevention, Health Care, and Economics

2011 ◽  
pp. 554-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Hall
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Utility Maximization ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Prevention Policy ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
A Current

This article attempts to take on the policy issues and explores the economic analysis of prevention that can add to policy development. It discusses prevention and draws on the economic concepts of human capital and utility maximization. It provides a framework for investigating the reasons for people making the decisions and their response if their incentives or constraints alter. This approach can yield useful insights into behavior and answer various questions such as the reasons for smoking and the rise in the obesity level. Thus economic analysis can provide a basis for designing prevention strategies. This article addresses the issue of whether there is a current under-investment in prevention. For many policymakers and public health advocates, this question is about whether more prevention will save on care expenditure. Furthermore, the article turns to the special challenges in building an evidence base for prevention policy.

The Public Health Impacts of Gaza's Water Crisis: Analysis and Policy Options

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shira Efron ◽  
Jordan Fischbach ◽  
Ilana Blum ◽  
Rouslan Karimov ◽  
Melinda Moore
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Closing Perspective on the Special Issue on JUUL

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-613
Author(s):  
Karl O. Fagerström
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Regulatory Challenge

Objective: This article provides an overview of this theme issue of the American Journal of Health Behavior dedicated to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), with a special focus on JUUL. Methods: The author summarizes key findings from included papers and offers an evaluative perspective on ENDS as tools for smoking cessation versus the prospect of their appeal to previous non-smokers. Results: Delineation of certain metrics (eg, defining who is a smoker) and clarification about an acceptable level of unintended consequences weighed against harm reduction confound conclusions about the public health role of ENDS/JUUL. Conclusion: Until agreement on key definitions and performance of well-controlled studies, a system that promotes ENDS/JUUL use among smokers but discourages their use by never-smokers is a regulatory challenge.

scholarly journals Emerging Public Health Law and Policy Issues Concerning State Medical Cannabis Programs

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (S2) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C. Tilburg ◽  
James G. Hodge ◽  
Camille Gourdet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Medical Cannabis ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law And Policy

Thirty-four states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico have legalized medical cannabis. While no two state medical cannabis programs are alike, public health concerns related to advertising, packaging and labeling, pesticide use, scientific research, and the role of medical cannabis in the opioid crisis are emerging across the country. This article examines these issues, the policy approaches states are adopting to protect patients and the public, and an assessment of the underlying federal legal landscape.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document