scholarly journals A Novel Scene-Based Video Watermarking Scheme for Copyright Protection

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolley Shukla ◽  
Manisha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Haar Wavelet ◽  
Video Watermarking ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Discrete Wavelet

Abstract Many illegal copies of original digital videos are being made, as they can be replicated perfectly through the Internet. Thus, it is extremely necessary to protect the copyrights of the owner and prevent illegal copying. This paper presents a novel approach to digital video watermarking for copyright protection using two different algorithms, whereby successive estimation of a statistical measure was used to detect scene boundaries and watermark was embedded in the detected scenes with discrete wavelet transform. Haar wavelet was used for decomposition. For embedding, the approaches used were (i) the detailed subband (LH subband) and (ii) the approximate subband (LL subband) of the cover video. Imperceptibility, robustness, and channel capacity were measured using both algorithms. The system was tested for robustness in the presence of 15 different attacks of five different categories, and, under multiple attacks, ensured that a wide spectrum of attack analysis has been done. The performance metrics measured included mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, normalized correlation, and bit error rate. The experimental results demonstrated the better visual imperceptibility and improved performance in terms of normalized correlation and bit error rate with embedding using the LL subband. Comparative analysis with existing schemes proved the improved robustness, better imperceptibility, and reduced computational time of both the proposed schemes.

ANALISIS SENSITIVITAS VIDEO MPEG-4 BERDASARKAN STRUKTUR FRAME PADA TRANSMISI DVB-T

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Sandy Suryo Prayogo ◽  
Tubagus Maulana Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Structural Similarity Index ◽  
Noise Ratio

DVB merupakan standar transmisi televisi digital yang paling banyak digunakan saat ini. Unsur terpenting dari suatu proses transmisi adalah kualitas gambar dari video yang diterima setelah melalui proses transimisi tersebut. Banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas dari suatu gambar, salah satunya adalah struktur frame dari video. Pada tulisan ini dilakukan pengujian sensitifitas video MPEG-4 berdasarkan struktur frame pada transmisi DVB-T. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan simulasi matlab dan simulink. Digunakan juga ffmpeg untuk menyediakan format dan pengaturan video akan disimulasikan. Variabel yang diubah dari video adalah bitrate dan juga group-of-pictures (GOP), sedangkan variabel yang diubah dari transmisi DVB-T adalah signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) pada kanal AWGN di antara pengirim (Tx) dan penerima (Rx). Hasil yang diperoleh dari percobaan berupa kualitas rata-rata gambar pada video yang diukur menggunakan metode pengukuran structural-similarity-index (SSIM). Dilakukan juga pengukuran terhadap jumlah bit-error-rate BER pada bitstream DVB-T. Percobaan yang dilakukan dapat menunjukkan seberapa besar sensitifitas bitrate dan GOP dari video pada transmisi DVB-T dengan kesimpulan semakin besar bitrate maka akan semakin buruk nilai kualitas gambarnya, dan semakin kecil nilai GOP maka akan semakin baik nilai kualitasnya. Penilitian diharapkan dapat dikembangkan menggunakan deep learning untuk memperoleh frame struktur yang tepat di kondisi-kondisi tertentu dalam proses transmisi televisi digital.

scholarly journals Haar-Wavelet-Based Just Noticeable Distortion Model for Transparent Watermark

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu-Ting Ko ◽  
Jwu-E Chen ◽  
Hsi-Chin Hsin ◽  
Yaw-Shih Shieh ◽  
Tze-Yun Sung
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Visual Quality ◽  
Haar Wavelet ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Distortion Model ◽  
Just Noticeable Distortion ◽  
Full Band

Watermark transparency is required mainly for copyright protection. Based on the characteristics of human visual system, the just noticeable distortion (JND) can be used to verify the transparency requirement. More specifically, any watermarks whose intensities are less than the JND values of an image can be added without degrading the visual quality. It takes extensive experimentations for an appropriate JND model. Motivated by the texture masking effect and the spatial masking effect, which are key factors of JND, Chou and Li (1995) proposed the well-known full-band JND model for the transparent watermark applications. In this paper, we propose a novel JND model based on discrete wavelet transform. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed JND model is comparable to that of the full-band JND model. However, it has the advantage of saving a lot of computation time; the speed is about 6 times faster than that of the full-band JND model.

Data Hiding Scheme for Video Watermarking Using Horizontal and Vertical Coefficients of Single Level Discrete Wavelet Transform Method

2021 ◽  
pp. 2250044
Author(s):  
J. Jerisha Liby ◽  
T. Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Discrete Wavelet Transform ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Video Watermarking ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Transform Method ◽  
Single Level

This paper proposes a new watermarking algorithm based on a single-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT). This method initially chooses ‘[Formula: see text]’ number of carrier frames to hide the data. After estimating the carrier frames, each frame is separated into RGB frames. Each R, G, and B frames are decomposed using a single-level DWT. The horizontal and vertical coefficients are selected to embed the watermark information since small changes in the horizontal and vertical coefficients do not highly affect the quality of the video frame. The watermark image pixels are shuffled using a predetermined key before embedding. The shuffled pixels are converted to binary, and they are grouped into three data matrices. Each data matrix is embedded in horizontal and vertical coefficients of the R, G and B frames of the video frame. After embedding the data, the watermarked video is reconstructed using the original approximation coefficients, the embed coefficients, and the original diagonal coefficients. During the extraction process, the watermark is extracted from the horizontal and vertical coefficients of the watermarked video. Experimental result reveals that the proposed method outperforms other related methods in terms of video quality and structural similarity index measurement.

scholarly journals DWT-DCT based copyright Protection in Ycbcr Color Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 675-679
Keyword(s):  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Watermarking ◽  
Color Space ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Ycbcr Color Space ◽  
Watermark Embedding ◽  
Dct Coefficients ◽  
Ownership Protection

Digital image watermarking is powerful technique which provide ownership protection and copyright protection. In this paper, a novel watermarking technique based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is presented. YCbCr color model is used for watermark embedding and extraction because of its close resemblance to human visual system. Single level DWT is applied to Luma Component of YCbCr color cover image and then DCT coefficients are taken for watermark embedding process. DCT is applied block by block of size . Binary watermark is scrambled using Arnold transform with k iterations to achieve robustness. Proposed method has been evaluated by many performance evaluation measures such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Normalized Correlation (NC) and Computational time. Various watermark attacks are also applied against proposed method, result shows that superiority over other methods.

Efficient cooperative image transmission in one-way multi-hop sensor network

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Al-Hayani ◽  
Haci Ilhan
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Relay Nodes

The challenging task while transmitting the high-quality images over the wireless sensor networks is to achieve the higher throughput, minimum bit error rate without compromising the image quality. As the sensor nodes have the limited processing power, designing energy efficient image transmission is another challenge in this research. This paper proposed a novel method of cooperative image transformation from the transmitter to the receiver for wireless sensor networks. We designed the methods for multi-hop one-way relayed cooperative communication model for wireless sensor networks. We believe that the cooperative communication helps to improve the efficiency of image transmission. The proposed approach focused on efficient relayed image transmission through wireless channels with optimum image quality and bit error rate performances. First, lightweight image quality improvement method was proposed at both transmitter and receiver end as images captured under various illumination conditions. Second, the proposed compressive sensing was performed using the approximation coefficient of 2D discrete wavelet transform. We utilized the wavelet denoising advantage by presenting the hybrid thresholding function. And third, use of decode–forward method at relay nodes to perform the task of decode and forward received image data block. The compressed approximation component of 2D discrete wavelet Transform is further used to apply inverse fast Fourier transform and then in modulation using quadrature phase shift keying to transmit over additive white Gaussian noise channel to relay nodes as per the standard orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing model. The simulation results claim the performance efficiency against the state-of-art methods based on mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and bit error rate.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Nested Watermarked Scheme using Objective Image Quality Metrics

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 306-314
Author(s):  
Priya R Sankpal ◽  
◽  
P. A. Vijaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Wavelet Transforms ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Singular Values ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Quality Metrics ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Image Quality Metrics

In this digital era, extensive usage of the internet has resulted in images being subjected to various distortions during processing and transmitting over open networks. For watermarking applications, watermarked image quality is evaluated in comparison to the original image. In the last decade literature, many performance metrics have been used, comprising of both subjective and objective quality metrics. The subjective image quality metrics are generally time-consuming and expensive in contrast to objective image quality metrics. This paper attempted an investigation for measuring the performance of nested watermarking schemes and objective image quality metrics which included Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PNSR), Mean Square Error (MSE), Correlation Coefficient (CC), Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NCC), and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM). For the proposed nested watermarking method, these objective image quality metrics were evaluated using a combination of Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) and Singular values (SVD) in the four frequency bands. Performance of objective metrics can be judged based on their sensitiveness to watermarking artifacts. It is clear from the results obtained, for most watermarking applications SSIM provides better insight into the performance of the algorithm used whereas PNSR fails for certain watermark artifacts. The findings drawn in this paper are based on the experimentation of a nested watermarking algorithm using a DICOM image database.

scholarly journals Implementasi Teknik Watermarking menggunakan FFT dan Spread Spectrum Watermark pada Data Audio Digital

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
HANNAN HARAHAP ◽  
GELAR BUDIMAN ◽  
LEDYA NOVAMIZANTI
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Audio Watermarking ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Magnitude Spectrum ◽  
Audio Data

ABSTRAKPenggunaan teknologi dan internet yang berkembang dengan pesat menyebabkan banyak pemalsuan dan penyebaran yang tidak sah terhadap data digital. Oleh karena itu, sangat diperlukan suatu teknologi yang dapat melindungi hak cipta data multimedia seperti audio. Teknik yang sering digunakan dalam perlindungan hak cipta adalah watermarking karena teknik ini memiliki tiga kriteria utama dalam keamanan data, yaitu robustness, imperceptibility, dan safety. Untuk itu, pada penelitian ini dirancang suatu skema yang dapat melindungi hak cipta data audio. Metode yang digunakan adalah Fast Fourier Transform, yang mengubah data audio asli ke dalam domain frekuensi sebelum dilakukan proses penyisipan watermark dan proses ekstraksi watermark. Watermark disebar pada komponen yang paling signifikan dari spektrum magnitude audio host. Teknik watermarking pada penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan Signal-to-Noise Ratio di atas 20 dB dan Bit Error Rate di bawah 5%.Kata kunci: Audio watermarking, Copyright Protection, Fast Fourier Transform, Spektrum magnitudeABSTRACTThe use of technology and internet has grown rapidly that causes a lot of forgery and illegal proliferation of digital data. It needs a technology that can protect the copyright of multimedia data such as audio. The most common technique in copyright protection is watermarking because it has three main criteria in data security: robustness, imperceptibility, and safety. This research created a scheme that can protect a copyright of audio data. The method that we used is Fast Fourier Transform. This method changes the original audio data into frequency domain before the embedding and extraction process. The watermark is spread into the most significant component of the magnitude spectrum of audio host. This technique obtains Signal-to-Noise Ratio above 20 dB and Bit Error Rate below 5%.Keywords: Audio watermarking, Copyright Protection, Fast Fourier Transform, Magnitude spectrum

Different Aspects of Interleaving Techniques in Wireless Communication

2015 ◽  
pp. 335-374
Author(s):  
Barnali Das ◽  
Manash Pratim Sarma ◽  
Kandarpa Kumar Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Hardware Implementation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Wireless Communication System ◽  
Interleaving Techniques

This chapter describes the use of certain interleavers for use in a wireless communication set for better accuracy and constancy of the transmitted data. Different interleaver techniques and methods are explored, including the variation of associated system parameters. The performance derived is discussed and the most suitable design is ascertained which is essential for better reliability of a wireless communication system. Bit Error Rate (BER), computational time, mutual information and correlation are the parameters analysed, in case of four types of interleavers viz. general block interleaver, matrix interleaver, random interleaver and convolutional interleaver, considering a fading environment. The hardware implementation using a block interleaver is reported here as a part of this work that shows encouraging results and maybe considered to be a part of a communication system with appropriate modifications.

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