scholarly journals Is discourse made up of sentences? Focusing on dependent grafted speech in modern standard Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-180
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Sadanobu
Keyword(s):  
High Tone ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Modern Standard ◽  
Lexical Accent

Abstract The idea that discourse is made up of sentences has been widespread among linguists. Does this traditional discourse perspective (“sententialism”) apply to casual language in daily communication? This paper examines the validity of sententialism by focusing on a type of speech called “dependent grafted speech” in Japanese conversation. Close examinations of various words, phrases, and sentences reveal that dependent grafted speech is different from sentences on two points: (i) Generally, the lexical accent of the copula at the beginning of dependent grafted speech is a high tone; and (ii) the interaction particle at the end of dependent grafted speech is not uttered with a falling intonation unless it is proceeded by a very abrupt rising intonation (“leaping” intonation). These findings cast doubt on the status of dependent grafted speech as a sentence. Moreover, they demonstrate a new conception of discourse as a mixture of diverse constituents, including sentences, dependent grafted speech, and other utterance types.

scholarly journals From the Rejection of Court Disqualification to the Change of the Territorial Jurisdiction

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Antonina S. Taran ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Recent Change ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
High Position ◽  
Territorial Jurisdiction ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Russian Federation

The author refers to the institution of rejection as one of the most important guarantees of the independence of judges. The relevance of this research is due to the need to study and demonstrate the mechanism of influence of the ECHR decisions on Russian legislation and law enforcement practice. The article tracks the recent change in the position of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the issue of rejection judges due to the special status of the person whose interests are affected by the criminal case under consideration/. In particular, it can be the status of a judge, a high position in law enforcement agencies and so on. The specificity of this rejection is to extend to the entire composition of the court, which makes it necessary to change the territorial jurisdiction. The author concludes that the fixing in part 1 of art. 35 of the Criminal procedure code of such a reason change territorial jurisdiction, as «the existence of circumstances that may cast doubt on the objectivity and impartiality of the court» has not eliminated entirely the need for use of the institution of rejection.

scholarly journals Patterns and Functions of Total Reduplication in Classical Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic:

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Mohammed Modhaffer ◽  
Sivaramakrishna Challavenkata
Keyword(s):  
Modern Standard Arabic ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Sql Database ◽  
The Status ◽  
Interesting Variation ◽  
Reliable Quantification ◽  
The One ◽  
Classical Arabic ◽  
Modern Standard

In this paper, we investigate the form, salient patterns and core functions of word-level total reduplication in Classical Arabic (CA) and Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). Using a multi-genre corpus of 469 million words, we extract total reduplication (TR) candidates into an SQL database, manually filter them, and perform concordance search to identify the patterns and functions. Data analysis reveals nine patterns and eleven functions of TR and compares their relative frequency in each variety. The functions of TR are mapped into two broad categories: morphological and semantic/pragmatic. Results show an interesting variation in terms of top functions being favored by the two varieties. While TR is favored by CA to express serial ordering, MSA is noticed to favor it to express intensification. The empirical findings of this study provide a reliable quantification of the status of TR in CA and MSA which is rather difficult to obtain by theoretical means: on the one hand, TR in Arabic is not as productive as in other languages such as Indonesian. On the other hand, it is more common in CA than in MSA because the latter usually resorts to using loose phrases to express the same concepts expressed by TR in CA.

Null subjects, expletives, and the status of Medieval French

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Frequent Occurrence ◽  
Null Subjects ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
Subject Pronouns ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subject Pronoun ◽  
Embedded Clauses ◽  
Fundamental Insight ◽  
Modern Standard

In view of considerable differences from prototypical null-subject (NS) languages and recent proposals of different types of NS language, this chapter reconsiders the status of Medieval French, generally analysed as a NS language, regarding the NS parameter. It is essentially shown that Medieval French displays traits incompatible with an analysis as a consistent or partial NS language, particularly the existence of overt TP subject expletives, the highly frequent occurrence of overt referential subject pronouns in embedded clauses, and the consistent occurrence of an overt generic subject pronoun. From this and the fundamental insight that, in prototypical non-NS languages such as Modern Standard French, null subjects (NSs) are licit in a restricted number of contexts, the chapter concludes that Medieval French constitutes a non-NS language in which, as in the modern stage, NSs are principally possible in contexts of left-peripheral focalization.

scholarly journals What do we know about public attitudes towards experts? Reviewing survey data in the United Kingdom and European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Dommett ◽  
Warren Pearce
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Contemporary Politics ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Recent Developments

Recent developments in contemporary politics have cast doubt on the status of expertise and led to the oft-repeated claim that the public have had enough of experts. In response, we review existing survey measures on experts and expertise in the European Union and United Kingdom with three main findings. First, there is insufficient survey data available to strongly support any claims regarding public attitudes to experts. Second, the evidence that does exist suggests broadly positive public attitudes towards experts, rather than the somewhat bleak commentary associated with descriptions of a ‘post-truth’ era. Third, there is scope for survey questions to provide improved macro-level descriptions of some of the attributes and expectations associated with experts, and that concepts from the academic literature can provide structure for such questions. Survey data has the potential to complement more granular, qualitative approaches as part of an interpretive social science approach.

Phonetic Borrowing

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C.S. Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Hong Kong Chinese ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Official Language ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Compound Formation ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Status ◽  
Standard Chinese ◽  
Modern Standard

Chinese Hongkongers express themselves increasingly in written Cantonese, resulting in the proliferation of Cantonese elements in the Hong Kong Chinese press. To overcome the orthographic gap, Hongkongers resort to phonetic borrowing and phonetic compound formation. Phonetic borrowing may be based on modern standard Chinese or on English. Script mixing is very common, suggesting that linguistic convergence has taken place. Eighteen months after the British handover to the People’s Republic of China, this situation remains unchanged. Standardization of Cantonese is desirable, but will be difficult to enforce. Despite the vitality of written Cantonese in Hong Kong, this paper argues against promoting Cantonese to the status of an official language.

The Problem of Science in Heidegger’s Thought

1998 ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
Daniel Videla
Keyword(s):  
Being And Time ◽  
Fundamental Ontology ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
To Come

In this paper I deal with the status of science in Heidegger's thought. Particularly, I pose to Heidegger the question whether science can constitute a problem for philosophy, once one has cast doubt on philosophy's rank as first science whose prerogative is to establish the truth-criteria of the particular sciences. To express it with the convenience cliches always afford, this is the question of knowledge in the postmodern epoch. The paper traces the transition from the early "fundamental ontology" to the late notion of a thinking that is to come at the end of philosophy. It will include some reflections on the role of an education for science at the end of modernity. The texts analyzed include Being and Time, "What calls for thinking," and "The end of philosophy and the task of thinking."

scholarly journals Quandaries over the morphonology of the verb in modern standard Arabic and Tunisian Arabic: a tentative draft

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bańczerowski ◽  
Jamila Oueslati
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Modern Standard Arabic ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Status ◽  
Tunisian Arabic ◽  
Modern Standard

Brought up for discussion are problems of general and particular mor(pho)phonology. First, some linguistic terms are clarified, and the status of morphophonology as a linguistic subdiscipline is considered. The particular morphophonological part, referring to Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and Tunisian Arabic (TA), is topic oriented and it treats in succession: the structure of the verb forms, the relation of homoradicality (homolexicality) specifying the corresponding paradigmatization, and the intra- and interparadigmatic relations. In terms of the former of these relations the concept of morphoneme is defined, and among the latter morphophonological convergence and analogy as well as thematogen homoaffixality are distinguished. Finally, the dynamics of morphophonological space, morphonemic and morphonic representations are touched upon.

scholarly journals Reference patterns in subjunctive complement clauses of Modern Standard Arabic

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali Arad Greshler ◽  
Livnat Herzig Sheinfux ◽  
Nurit Melnik ◽  
Shuly Wintner
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Modern Standard Arabic ◽  
Obligatory Control ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Matrix Argument ◽  
The Status ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Embedded Clause ◽  
Modern Standard

In this paper we investigate the status of control constructions in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). MSA has several embedded clause constructions, some of which resemble control in English (and other languages). However, these constructions exhibit some notable differences. Chief among them is the fact that the embedded verb carries agreement features that can indicate both coreference and disjoint reference between a matrix argument and the understood subject of the complement clause. We conducted a thorough corpus-based investigation of such constructions, with a special focus on a search for obligatory control in the language. We show that our findings contradict accepted generalizations (and predictions) proposed by state-of-the-art theories of control, as they indicate that there are no "real" control predicates in MSA. We outline an HPSG analysis that accounts for the MSA data.

The United Nations in West Irian: A Critique

1964 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. van der Veur
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Severe Handicaps ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Cost

UNTEA served the important function of buffer between contending forces and in general accomplished a remarkably smooth transfer. In this regard the United Nations operation was a major success. The smooth transfer was achieved, however, at the cost of rights specifically guaranteed in the agreement—the rights of free speech and assembly. Furthermore, the United Nations preparatory task and responsibility in the future “act of self-determination” was minimized.It may be argued that UNTEA policy in West Irian merely reflects the weakness of the United Nations in a nation-state world. Lack of UNTEA power certainly was an important aspect. The explanation, however, is more complex. It is significant to recall that the United Nations assumed its task under severe handicaps: It was given no time for adequate recruitment and preparation; from the start it was confronted with the legitimized presence of Indonesian troops; the status of the “Papuan flag” was never mentioned in the agreement; and general Papuan primitivity along with political naïveté and schisms among the small and newly created Papuan élite influenced UNTEA's approach.UNTEA also met continuous Indonesian pressure aimed at shortening the period of its administration and weakening its authority in general. Statements by Indonesian officials cast doubt on Indonesia's willingness to adhere to the wording of the agreement. In trying to interpret Indonesian feelings it might be conceded that most Dutch-Indonesian agreements have imposed conditions which could be considered obnoxious to Indonesia. The rights of self-determination for the Papuan inhabitants—stipulated in the August 15 agreement—fall into this category.

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