Brain gray matter volume differences in obese youth with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Redel ◽  
Mark DiFrancesco ◽  
Jennifer Vannest ◽  
Mekibib Altaye ◽  
Dean Beebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Obese Youth

AbstractBackground:Adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have significantly lower gray matter volume (GMV) compared to healthy peers. Whether GMV differences exist in youth with T2D remains unclear. Thus, we compared global and regional GMV between obese youth with T2D with age, race and sex similar healthy controls.Methods:In a cross-sectional study, 20 obese youth with T2D underwent T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Comparisons were made to 20 age, race and sex similar controls. Differences in global and regional GMV between groups were identified using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Results:Youth with T2D had a significantly lower global GMV-to-intracranial volume ratio (0.51±0.02 in T2D vs. 0.53±0.02 in controls, p=0.02, Cohen’sd=0.85). There were 14 regions where GMV was significantly lower in the T2D group, and nine of these were found in either the temporal or occipital lobes. There were six regions with increased GMV in T2D. All regional differences were significant at p<0.05 after adjusting for multiple comparisons.Conclusions:Results from this pilot study show obese youth with T2D have significantly lower global GMV and regional GMV differences, when compared to their age, race and sex similar peers. Future work is needed to determine whether these brain findings are a direct result of adolescent-onset T2D.

scholarly journals Reduced Gray Matter Volume in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Taiyuan Liu ◽  
Wenhui Wang ◽  
Lun Ma ◽  
Xiaoyue Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Gray Matter Abnormalities in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Dual Disorder ALE Quantification

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin K. K. Yu ◽  
Gladys L. Y. Cheing ◽  
Charlton Cheung ◽  
Georg S. Kranz ◽  
Alex Kwok-Kuen Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Dual Disorder

Aims/hypothesis: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with comorbid brain disorders. Neuroimaging studies in DM revealed neuronal degeneration in several cortical and subcortical brain regions. Previous studies indicate more pronounced brain alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). However, a comparison of both types of DM in a single analysis has not been done so far. The aim of this meta-analysis was to conduct an unbiased objective investigation of neuroanatomical differences in DM by combining voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies of T1DM and T2DM using dual disorder anatomical likelihood estimation (ALE) quantification.Methods: PubMed, Web of Science and Medline were systematically searched for publications until June 15, 2020. VBM studies comparing gray matter volume (GMV) differences between DM patients and controls at the whole-brain level were included. Study coordinates were entered into the ALE meta-analysis to investigate the extent to which T1DM, T2DM, or both conditions contribute to gray matter volume differences compared to controls.Results: Twenty studies (comprising of 1,175 patients matched with 1,013 controls) were included, with seven studies on GMV alterations in T1DM and 13 studies on GMV alterations in T2DM. ALE analysis revealed seven clusters of significantly lower GMV in T1DM and T2DM patients relative to controls across studies. Both DM subtypes showed GMV reductions in the left caudate, right superior temporal lobe, and left cuneus. Conversely, GMV reductions associated exclusively with T2DM (&gt;99% contribution) were found in the left cingulate, right posterior lobe, right caudate and left occipital lobe. Meta-regression revealed no significant influence of study size, disease duration, and HbA1c values.Conclusions/interpretation: Our findings suggest a more pronounced gray matter atrophy in T2DM compared to T1DM. The increased risk of microvascular or macrovascular complications, as well as the disease-specific pathology of T2DM may contribute to observed GMV reductions.Systematic Review Registration: [PROSPERO], identifier [CRD42020142525].

scholarly journals The Association of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Cerebral Gray Matter Volume Is Independent of Retinal Vascular Architecture and Retinopathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Moran ◽  
R. J. Tapp ◽  
A. D. Hughes ◽  
C. G. Magnussen ◽  
L. Blizzard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Small Vessel Disease ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Vascular Architecture ◽  
Vessel Disease ◽  
Matter Volume

It is uncertain whether small vessel disease underlies the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and brain atrophy. We aimed to study whether retinal vascular architecture, as a proxy for cerebral small vessel disease, may modify or mediate the associations of T2DM with brain volumes. In this cross-sectional study using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans and retinal photographs in 451 people with and without T2DM, we measured brain volumes, geometric measures of retinal vascular architecture, clinical retinopathy, and MRI cerebrovascular lesions. There were 270 people with (mean age 67.3 years) and 181 without T2DM (mean age 72.9 years). T2DM was associated with lower gray matter volume (p=0.008). T2DM was associated with greater arteriolar diameter (p=0.03) and optimality ratio (p=0.04), but these associations were attenuated by adjustments for age and sex. Only optimality ratio was associated with lower gray matter volume (p=0.03). The inclusion of retinal measures in regression models did not attenuate the association of T2DM with gray matter volume. The association of T2DM with lower gray matter volume was independent of retinal vascular architecture and clinical retinopathy. Retinal vascular measures or retinopathy may not be sufficiently sensitive to confirm a microvascular basis for T2DM-related brain atrophy.

scholarly journals Subclinical Atherosclerosis Is Inversely Associated With Gray Matter Volume in African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2158-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry I. Freedman ◽  
Jasmin Divers ◽  
Christopher T. Whitlow ◽  
Donald W. Bowden ◽  
Nicholette D. Palmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Matter Volume

Association of Sleep, Neuropsychological Performance, and Gray Matter Volume With Glymphatic Function in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000013215
Author(s):  
Tiing Yee Siow ◽  
Cheng Hong Toh ◽  
Jung-Lung Hsu ◽  
Geng-Hao Liu ◽  
Shwu-Hua Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Glymphatic System ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Gray Matter Volumes ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background and Objectives:The glymphatic system, which is robustly enabled during some stages of sleep, is a fluid-transport pathway that clears cerebral waste products. Most contemporary knowledge regarding glymphatic system is inferred from rodent experiments and human research is limited. The objective of the research is to explore the associations between human glymphatic function, sleep, neuropsychological performances, and cerebral gray matter volumes.Methods:This cross-sectional study included individuals 60 years or older who had participated in the Integrating Systemic Data of Geriatric Medicine to Explore the Solution for Health Aging study between September 2019 and October 2020. Community-dwelling older adults were enrolled at 2 different sites. Participants with dementia, major depressive disorders, and other major organ system abnormalities were excluded. Sleep profile was accessed using questionnaires and polysomnography. Administered neuropsychological test batteries included Everyday Cognition (ECog) and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropsychological Battery (CERAD-NB). Gray matter volumes were estimated based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Diffusion tensor imaging-analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index was used as the MRI marker of glymphatic function.Results:A total of 84 participants (mean [SD] age, 73.3 [7.1] years, 47 [56.0%] women) were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression model determined that age (unstandardized β, -0.0025 [SE, 0.0001]; P = 0.02), N2 sleep duration (unstandardized β, 0.0002 [SE, 0.0001]; P = 0.04), and the apnea-hypopnea index (unstandardized β, -0.0011 [SE, 0.0005]; P = 0.03) were independently associated with DTI-ALPS. Higher DTI-ALPS was associated with better ECog language scores (unstandardized β, -0.59 [SE, 0.28]; P = 0.04) and better CERAD-NB word-list-learning delayed recall subtest scores (unstandardized β, 6.17 [SE, 2.31]; P = 0.009) after co-varying for age and education. Higher DTI-ALPS was also associated with higher gray matter volume (unstandardized β, 107.00 [SE, 43.65]; P = 0.02) after controlling for age, gender, and total intracranial volume.Discussion:Significant associations were identified between glymphatic function and sleep stressing the importance of sleep for brain health. This study also revealed associations between DTI-ALPS, neuropsychological performances, and cerebral gray matter volumes suggesting the potential of DTI-ALPS as a biomarker for cognitive disorders.

scholarly journals Relationships between Cognitive Performance, Neuroimaging and Vascular Disease: The DHS-MIND Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Laura M. Raffield ◽  
Christina E. Hugenschmidt ◽  
Amanda Cox ◽  
Jianzhao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Cognitive Testing ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Semantic Fluency ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Subclinical Cvd

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cognitive decline and dementia, and elevated burdens of vascular disease are hypothesized to contribute to this risk. These relationships were examined in the Diabetes Heart Study-MIND using a battery of cognitive tests, neuroimaging measures and subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden assessed by coronary artery calcified (CAC) plaque. We hypothesized that CAC would attenuate the association between neuroimaging measures and cognition performance. Methods: Associations were examined using marginal models in this family-based cohort of 572 European Americans from 263 families. All models were adjusted for age, gender, education, type 2 diabetes and hypertension, with some neuroimaging measures additionally adjusted for intracranial volume. Results: Higher total brain volume was associated with better performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Task and Semantic Fluency (both p ≤ 7.0 × 10-4). Higher gray matter volume was associated with better performance on the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination and Semantic Fluency (both p ≤ 9.0 × 10-4). Adjusting for CAC caused minimal changes to the results. Conclusions: Relationships exist between neuroimaging measures and cognitive performance in a type 2 diabetes-enriched European American cohort. Associations were minimally attenuated after adjusting for subclinical CVD. Additional work is needed to understand how subclinical CVD burden interacts with other factors and impacts relationships between neuroimaging and cognitive testing measures.

scholarly journals 0080 Daytime Sleepiness Correlates with Increased Gray Matter Volume in the Right Middle Temporal Gyrus in Healthy Young Individuals

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A32-A32
Author(s):  
A I Burns ◽  
A Bullock ◽  
A C Raikes ◽  
N S Dailey ◽  
M A Grandner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Daytime sleepiness has been associated with some neuroimaging metrics, including altered functional connectivity within the default mode network and decreased gray matter volume (GMV) of the medial prefrontal cortex. Most prior studies, however, have focused on patients with sleep disorders or other pathologies. Here we examined the association between GMV and self-reported daytime sleepiness among a healthy group of young adults who reported no sleep-related problems. Methods Forty-five healthy adults (22 female; Mean Age=25.4, SD=5.6), who self-reported no history of sleep-related disorders or major medical conditions, completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Repeatable Battery for Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and underwent high-resolution structural neuroimaging at 3T. Gray matter volumes were processed using standard procedures in SPM12. After controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume, GMV was regressed against ESS scores. Results Greater ESS was associated with larger GMV within a cluster of voxels in the right middle temporal gyrus (MNI coordinates: 57, -9, -22; k=1344 voxels, p=.003, FWE cluster corrected). After controlling for ESS scores, larger GMV in this region was associated with poorer delayed memory performance (r=-.345, p=.022) and total neurocognitive performance on the RBANS (r=-.303, p=.046). Conclusion Greater daytime sleepiness in healthy normal sleepers was associated with greater GMV within a region of the right middle temporal gyrus. Greater volume of this region was also associated with poorer neuropsychological performance. Decreased GMV of this same region has previously been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia, suggesting that it may be particularly sensitive to sleep disruption or may play a role in the etiology of sleep disorders, even among young individuals who deny any history of sleep-related dysfunction. Longitudinal work should focus on the potential of this region as a biomarker of vulnerability to sleep problems. Support  

scholarly journals 0082 Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Adult Population is Associated with Habitual Sleep Duration

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A33-A34
Author(s):  
R King ◽  
D Jecmen ◽  
A Alkozei ◽  
A C Raikes ◽  
M A Grandner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction The hippocampus is well known for its role in sleep and memory consolidation in adolescents, and has been shown to demonstrate neural plasticity and neuronal regeneration. However, the relationship between sleep and hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy adults remains to be fully characterized. We hypothesized that total sleep time (TST), as measured by actigraphy, would correlate positively with gray matter volume (GMV) in the hippocampus, a key memory region of the brain. Methods Forty-five healthy normal sleeping adults between 20–45 years of age wore an actigraph for seven days to quantify habitual sleep duration and underwent magnetic resonance imaging during the actigraphy period. Voxel based morphometry in SPM12 was used to estimate GMV at the whole brain level. A region-of-interest mask was used to constrain data analysis to the left and right hippocampi. Results Habitual sleep duration per night correlated positively with gray matter volume within part of the left hippocampus (x=-36,y=-20,z=-18; k=32, pFWE-corr=0.093), controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, intelligence scores and mood. No correlation was found between TST and hippocampal GMV in the right hippocampus. Conclusion Longer sleep time was associated with greater gray matter volume in the left hippocampus. This finding is consistent with what has been observed in healthy children and extend these findings to healthy normal sleeping adults. While TST and GMV are correlated, the causal association cannot be established here. Further research may explore the effects of sleep extension on GMV and how these volume differences associate with various aspects of cognition, particularly memory. It should be noted that this study only included healthy adults with sleep durations between 6–9 hours per night. Future studies would benefit from including adults with a greater variance in their sleep patterns to better understand the relationship between sleep and hippocampal volume, and its potential effects on memory performance. Support Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA11-FP-029

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