Second trimester fetal thymus size in association to preterm birth

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Porschen ◽  
Ralf Schmitz ◽  
Rene Schmidt ◽  
Kathrin Oelmeier ◽  
Kerstin Hammer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Binary Classifier ◽  
Retrospective Evaluation ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Thymus Size

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the second trimester thymus-thorax-ratio (TTR) between fetuses born preterm (study group) and those born after 37 weeks of gestation were completed (control group). Methods This study was conducted as a retrospective evaluation of the ultrasound images of 492 fetuses in the three vessel view. The TTR was defined as the quotient of a.p. thymus diameter and a.p. thoracic diameter. Results Fetuses that were preterm showed larger TTR (p<0.001) the second trimester than those born after 37 weeks of gestation were completed. The sensitivity of a binary classifier based on TTR for predicting preterm birth (PTB) was 0.792 and the specificity 0.552. Conclusions In our study, fetuses affected by PTB showed enlarged thymus size. These findings led us to hypothesize, that inflammation and immunomodulatory processes are altered early in pregnancies affected by PTB. However, TTR alone is not able to predict PTB.

Second Trimester Fetal Thymus Size in Association to Preterm Birth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Möllers ◽  
C Porschen ◽  
K Oelmeier ◽  
J Braun ◽  
J Steinhard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Thymus Size

scholarly journals P01.05: Relationship between fetal thymus size and cervical length in the second trimester of pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
A.F. Moron ◽  
T.E. Hamamoto ◽  
A.R. Hatanaka ◽  
M. Santucci ◽  
S. Sarmento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Thymus Size

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF PERINATAL OUTCOME IN TWIN PREGNANCY WITH AND WITHOUT CERVICAL CERCLAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Kalpana Damor ◽  
Sandhaya Choudhary ◽  
Himanshi Gangwal
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Apgar Score ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Cervical Cerclage ◽  
The Mean

Background: The incidence of multifetal pregnancies has registered increase globally. Babies born from multiplebirth pregnancies are much more likely to result in premature birth than those from single pregnancies. Knowledge of role of cervical cerclage in preventing preterm birth especially in twin pregnancy can be helpful to prevent complication related to preterm birth and ultimately of low birth weight babies. Methods: Depending upon who opt for the procedure 100 patients were divided equally into two groups: 1)Twin pregnancy with cervical cerclage; 2)Twin pregnancy without cervical cerclage. We measured maternal outcomes which include time for which patient required to be hospitalized, maternal pyrexia, cervical or bladder injury and other maternal morbidity and perinatal outcomes which include preterm delivery (delivery before 37 completed weeks), low birth weight (birth weight ≤2000 g), IUGR, perinatal mortality, indicators of perinatal morbidity (APGAR scores and neonatal unit admission), stillbirth, second trimester loss and presence of congenital malformations. Results: In Study group 22% delivered before 34 weeks of gestation, 46% delivered between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation, 32% delivered after 37 weeks of gestation compared to 44%, 48% and 8% respectively in Control group. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.3 weeks in Study group and was 33.2 weeks in Control group. In study group 47% neonates had birth weight less than 2Kg and in Control group 69% neonates had birth weight less than 2Kg. In Study group 95% had Apgar score more than 6 whereas in Control group 86% had APGAR score more than 6. The mean APGAR for Study group was 8.5 and for Control group was 7.5. 45% neonates had complications in Study group whereas 67% neonates in Control group. Overall Low birth weight was most common complications in both the groups. Respiratory distress was more common in Control group. Conclusions: In spite of close vigilance, preterm birth in twin gestation is common and unpredictable. It is difficult to predict those who may require cervical cerclage although all multiple pregnancies are at high risk. Cerclage should be considered an option for patients with twin pregnancies in the second trimester to prolong the duration of gestation as close to term as possible.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of simultaneous administration of mifepristone and misoprostol; and misoprostol alone for induction of second trimester abortion

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2728
Author(s):  
Ankita Jain ◽  
Arpit Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Trimester Abortion ◽  
Dose Regime ◽  
Second Trimester Abortion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

Background: The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the safety and efficacy of misoprostol alone and misoprostol with simultaneous mifepristone for second trimester termination of pregnancy.Methods: The study was conducted on 160 cases, divided in two groups of 80 cases each. In the study group 200 mg mifepristone and 200 μgm misoprostol given together on admission followed by miso every 3 hrs upto a maximum of 8 doses or until the abortion occurs, whichever occurs early. In the control group only miso was given in the same dose regime. If abortion did not occur within this duration it was considered failure of method. The results were analysed.Results: The success rate in first regimen was 98%. Mean induction abortion interval was significantly shorter in the study group, 8.62±1.96 h as compared to 14.5±3.01 h in the control group. The mean dose of the misoprostol required was significantly less in study group. The side effects like nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal cramps, diarrhoea were observed more in control group (30%) in comparison to study group (12.1%).Conclusions: Mifepristone with simultaneous misoprostol is better than misoprostol alone and there is no need to wait for 24 hr after mifepristone for administration of misoprostol.

scholarly journals Preterm Birth and Small-for-Gestational Age Neonates among Prepregnancy Underweight Women: A Case-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 5733
Author(s):  
Emelyne Lefizelier ◽  
Emilie Misbert ◽  
Marion Brooks ◽  
Aurélie Le Thuaut ◽  
Norbert Winer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Prepregnancy Bmi

The aim of our study was to investigate whether prepregnancy underweight body mass index (BMI) is associated with preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational age (SGA). This retrospective case-control study included 814 women with live singleton fetuses in vertex presentation that gave birth between January 2016 and November 2016 in two tertiary care hospitals. The study group (n = 407) comprised all women whose prepregnancy BMI was underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) and who delivered during the study period. A control group (n = 407) was established with women whose prepregnancy BMI was normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m2) by matching age and parity. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare PTB and SGA associated with prepregnancy underweight BMI. Compared with the control group, the study group had higher rates of overall PTB (10.1% vs. 5.7%, p = 0.02), iatrogenic PTB (4.2% vs. 1.5%, p = 0.02), and SGA (22.1% vs. 11.1%, p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, prepregnancy underweight BMI was associated with PTB (aOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.12–4.81) and with SGA (aOR 2.38, 95% CI 1.58–3.58). In singleton pregnancies, women’s prepregnancy underweight compared with normal BMI was associated with an increase in PTB and in SGA neonates. Identifying this specific high-risk group is pragmatic and practical for all physicians, and they should be aware about perinatal outcome among underweight women.

scholarly journals Influence of Covid-19 infection on fetal thymus size after recovery

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sule Goncu Ayhan ◽  
Ezgi Turgut ◽  
Deniz Oluklu ◽  
Eda Ozden Tokalioglu ◽  
Dilek Menekse Beser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Control Group ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Thymus Size ◽  
Demographic Features

Abstract Objectives To investigate the long-term effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on the fetal immune system by fetal thymus size measurements with ultrasound (USG). Methods This prospective study was conducted in the Turkish Ministry of Health Ankara City Hospital between November 1, 2020 and April 1, 2021, with recovered, pregnant women, four weeks after they had been confirmed for the SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). COVID-19 recovered (CR) pregnant women compared with age-matched pregnant controls in terms of demographic features, fetal thymic-thoracic ratio (TTR), and laboratory parameters. Results There was no difference in demographic features between the two groups. TTR found significantly lower in the CR group than the control group (p=0.001). The fetal TTR showed a significant and moderate correlation with maternal monocyte counts, monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW); while it did not correlate with lymphocyte counts, c-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin levels. Conclusions The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reduces fetal thymus size in pregnant women with mild or moderate symptoms after recovery from the infection.

Association Between Fetal Thymus Size and Intrauterine Growth Restriction

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932110547
Author(s):  
Elham Keshavarz ◽  
Marjan Rustazade Sheikhyusefi ◽  
Ensi Khalili Pouya ◽  
Masoumeh Mirzamoradi ◽  
Mehdi Khazaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thymus Size

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between reduced fetal thymus size and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). This study was devised to determine the association between thymus size and any abnormal Doppler indices within the fetal umbilical artery (UA), as well as the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Materials and Methods: Forty-six pregnancies between 20 and 38 weeks of gestation with IUGR and 46 normal pregnancies within similar gestational age (GA) range were included. The transverse diameter of fetal thymus was measured. In the IUGR group, the fetal umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler flow velocities were recorded. Results: The mean GA of fetuses with IUGR (33.5 weeks) was higher than control group (30.3 weeks). To adjust for the effect of GA, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed. The adjusted mean thymus diameters were 19.02 mm in IUGR and 21.25 within the control group (mean difference = 2.23 mm; P = .02). The mean (±SD) thymus size in 16 fetuses, with abnormal Doppler findings, was significantly lower than in the group with normal Doppler findings, 17.45 (±2.50) vs 22.02 (±5.39) mm; P < .001. Conclusion: IUGR may be associated with reduced fetal thymus size, especially when coupled with abnormal Doppler findings. The thymus size in a group of IUGR fetuses, with abnormal Doppler findings, was smaller than IUGR fetuses, with normal Doppler findings.

Associations between second-trimester amniotic fluid levels of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, IL-6, and TNF-α and spontaneous preterm delivery in singleton pregnancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rauf Melekoglu ◽  
Ercan Yilmaz ◽  
Osman Ciftci ◽  
Yusuf Taner Kafadar ◽  
Ebru Celik
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Fluid Levels

Abstract Background We investigated the roles of inflammatory cytokines and the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) family in the etiopathogenesis of spontaneous preterm delivery by comparing the ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in second-trimester amniotic fluid between pregnant women with preterm birth and term controls. Methods All pregnant women who underwent second-trimester amniocentesis for genetic analysis between January 1, 2016, and January 1, 2018, were enrolled in this study. From this cohort, 22 patients who subsequently experienced spontaneous preterm delivery before 34 weeks of pregnancy formed the study group, and 22 age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched patients without preterm birth constituted the control group. Results No significant differences were observed between the preterm birth and control groups in terms of age, BMI, obstetric history of preterm delivery, gestational age at amniocentesis, or indication for amniocentesis. The mean amniotic fluid levels of ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 were significantly increased in the preterm birth group compared to the control group (248.3±22.6 and 182.4±19.8 pg/mL, P=0.012; and 198.6±21.6 and 159.1±21.7 pg/mL, P=0.035, respectively). Significantly increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels were also detected in the amniotic fluid of women who experienced spontaneous preterm delivery, relative to controls (142.1±16.2 and 95.8±16.4 pg/mL, P<0.001; and 139.4±12.5 and 89.6±11.2 pg/mL, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion The results of this study imply that increased mid-trimester amniotic fluid levels of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, IL-6, and TNF-α play an important role in the pathophysiology of spontaneous preterm delivery.

scholarly journals Non-antibiotic prevention of postcoital cystitis in women

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
I.V. Kuz’min ◽  
◽  
M.N. Slesarevskaya ◽  
S.Kh. Al’-Shukri ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Recurrent Infections ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Lower Urinary

Background: postcoital cystitis ranks first among recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract in young women. Their prevention is an important medical social issue. Prescription of antimicrobials for these infections increases antibacterial resistance of urinary tract pathogens, thereby requiring the search for alternative preventive strategies for postcoital cystitis. Aim: to assess the effectiveness of diet correction using biologically active food supplement (BAFS) Ecocystin® containing D-mannose and inulin to prevent coitus-related infections of the lower urinary tract (postcoital cystitis) in women. Patients and Methods: 40 sexually active women aged 18–45 (the mean age 31.9±8.8 years) with recurrent coitus-related infections of the lower urinary tract were enrolled. Women were divided into two groups, i.e., the study group (n=22) and the control group (n=18). Study group women received postcoital preventive treatment for the lower urinary tract infections (one sachet of BAFS Ecocystin® containing 1.5 g of mannose and 1.5 g of inulin no later than 2 hours after sexual intercourse and then another 12 hours later). Control group women received no preventive treatment. The primary indicator of the efficacy of postcoital prophylaxis was the rate of recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract. The additional indicator was the severity of clinical presentations assessed by the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) questionnaire. Follow-up was six months. Results: the rate of recurrent infections of the lower urinary tract was significantly lower in the study group compared to the control group. Recurrences were reported in 27.3% in the study group and 77.8% in the control group over months 1–3 (χ2=10.01, p=0.002) and 13.6% and 72.2%, respectively, over months 4–6 (χ2=14.16, p<0.001). The chances for cystitis exacerbation during the first and the second trimester of the follow-up were 2.9- and 5.3-times lower in the study group compared to the control group. During the first trimester of the follow-up, the recurrence rate was 0.45±0.86 per one woman of the study group and 1.55±1.10 per one of the control group (t=3.6, p<0.001). During the second trimester of the follow-up, the recurrence rate was 0.18±0.50 and 1.50±1.20 (t=4.7, p<0.001), respectively. Women who received BAFS Ecocystin® but developed postcoital cystitis reported much lower symptom severity than the control group. As a result, the study group’s quality of life was significantly higher than the control group’s. Conclusions: BAFS Ecocystin® is a highly effective and well-tolerated preventive tool for postcoital cystitis in women and a pathogenetically reasonable alternative for antibiotics. KEYWORDS: postcoital cystitis, infections of the lower urinary tract, recurrent cystitis, Ecocystin, D-mannose, inulin, non-antibiotic prophylaxis. FOR CITATION: Kuz’min I.V., Slesarevskaya M.N., Al’-Shukri S.Kh. Non-antibiotic prevention of postcoital cystitis in women. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(3):209–217 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-3-209-217.

Fetal thymus size in pregnant women with diabetic diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Dörnemann ◽  
Raphael Koch ◽  
Ute Möllmann ◽  
Maria Karina Falkenberg ◽  
Mareike Möllers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Thymus ◽  
Prognostic Parameter ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
Thymus Size

AbstractAim:The aim of our study was to assess fetal thymus size in diabetic pregnancies compared with normal pregnancies.Methods:Sonographic fetal thymus size was retrospectively assessed in 161 pregnancies with maternal diabetes and in 161 uncomplicated pregnancies matched by gestational age. The anteroposterior thymic and the intrathoracic mediastinal diameter were measured and the quotient was calculated [thymic-thoracic ratio (TT-ratio)]. In addition, we defined the quotient of the anteroposterior thymic diameter and the head circumference as thymus-head ratio (TH-ratio). The maternal diabetes cases were subdivided into three groups: (1) diet-controlled gestational diabetes, (2) insulin-dependent gestational diabetes and (3) preexisting maternal diabetes.Results:TT-ratio and TH-ratio were smaller in pregnancies with maternal diabetes (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). In all three maternal diabetes subgroups, the TT-ratio and the TH-ratio were lower compared with the control group (P<0.001 for each group).Conclusions:Reduced fetal thymus size seems to be associated with diabetic pregnancy. We introduce fetal thymus size as a new potential prognostic parameter for maternal diabetes.

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