Background:
The present study aims to compare the relative efficacy and safety of different
uses of cyclophosphamide (CYC) in lupus nephritis (LN).
Methods:
We searched the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, MEDLINE and PubMed for
articles from the database till June 2018.
Results:
12 randomized controlled trials with 994 participants were included. The meta-analysis indicated
that the short-interval lower-dose intravenous CYC regime remarkably reduced 24-hour proteinuria
[mean difference (MD) -0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.62 to -0.27; I2
0%], incidence of
major infections [odds ratio (OR) 0.62, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.95; I2 42%], gonadal toxicity (OR 0.41, 95%
CI 0.27 to 0.62; I2
0%), and leukopenia (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.94, I2 0%), while high-dose regime
had an obvious lower probability of doubling of serum creatinine (Scr) level (OR 2.43; 95% CI 1.19 to
4.95; I2
0%). However, the difference in the complete and total remission rates between the two regimens
was not observed.
Conclusion:
The result suggested that the short-interval lower-dose CYC regime remarkably reduced
24-hour proteinuria and the incidence of adverse events, while the long-course high-dose regime
played a significant role in reducing the rate of doubling Scr level.