Infants of mothers with a high and of mothers with a low insulin response to glucose infusion. Glucose tolerance, insulin response and clinical appearance during the early neonatal period

ABSTRACT The insulin response during a standardized glucose infusion (GIT) was studied in a group of 13 monozygotic twin pairs previously registered as consisting of one diabetic/one non-diabetic member. At the time of the study three of the non-diabetic subjects had developed overt diabetes and three decreased glucose tolerance only. Of the non-diabetic members all but one (with diabetes due possibly to chronic pancreatitis in the sibling) showed an insulin response similar to that seen in diabetic subjects, and in healthy subjects previously assumed to be potential diabetics. The present study therefore supports our earlier suggestion that a low insulin response characterizes potential diabetes. There was a striking similarity between the insulin curves in the twin pairs, irrespective whether diabetes occurred in one, in both or in none of the members. It is suggested as a working hypothesis that the type of insulin response to glucose infusion is genetically determined, and that a low insulin response is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus.

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GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF HEALTHY MOTHERS: ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE MOTHERS' INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0780044 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 44-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Karin Edström ◽

Erol Cerasi ◽

Rolf Luft ◽

Bengt Persson ◽

Berlil Thalme

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

K Value ◽

High Insulin ◽

The Mean ◽

Low Insulin Response

ABSTRACT It has earlier been postulated that a low insulin response to a glucose infusion is characteristic for the prediabetic individual (Cerasi & Luft 1967c). There is also evidence that some infants of individuals with low insulin response might have a carbohydrate metabolism that is in some respects similar to that of newborn infants to diabetic mothers (Edström et al. 1974). In the present study 15 infants to low insulin responders (ILR) and 22 infants to high insulin responders (IHR) were subjected to an intravenous glucose load (IVGTT) at 2–24 h age. A significant difference in glucose tolerance was found between the groups, the mean k-value for the ILR being 1.39 ± 0.41 and that for the IHR 1.05 ± 0.09 (P < 0.05). No mothers were found to have a gestational diabetes (with the possible exception of one low insulin responders) but during late pregnancy the mean k-value at IVGTT in the low responders decreased from nonpregnant values (the mean difference being 0.41 ± 0.20, P < 0.025) while the high responders did not show a corresponding decrease (mean difference 0.12 ± 0.25, P > 0.05). No other differences between the groups of infants that could influence the k-value could be found apart from the mothers being low or high insulin responders. Our findings show that a low insulin response in the mothers might affect the glucose tolerance of the foetus even in the absence of continuous maternal hyperglycaemia in late pregnancy.

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STUDIES ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF DIABETES IN ACROMEGALY

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0560593 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 593-607 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Rolf Luft ◽

Erol Cerasi ◽

Carl Axel Hamberger

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

Highly Active ◽

Normal Glucose ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Active Acromegaly ◽

Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT Plasma insulin response to glucose infusion was found to be markedly increased in 20 patients with active acromegaly and with normal intravenous glucose tolerance. The insulin response was more pronounced in patients with highly active acromegaly than in those showing moderately active disease. In five patients with active acromegaly and with decreased glucose tolerance the insulin response was delayed and smaller than normal, i. e. similar to that seen in diabetic subjects without acromegaly. After successful treatment of the acromegaly insulin response to glucose infusion was normalized in the patients with normal glucose tolerance. In those with decreased glucose tolerance the diabetic type of insulin response remained unchanged even when the glucose tolerance was normalized. It is suggested that diabetes in connection with acromegaly develops only in prediabetic individuals, i.e. subjects with decreased insulin response to hyperglycaemia, who are unable to overcome the diabetogenic effect of growth hormone by compensatory hyperinsulinism.

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The occurrence of low insulin response to glucose infusion in children

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/bf00421434 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

E. Cerasi ◽

R. Luft

Keyword(s):

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Low Insulin Response

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INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION DURING PREGNANCY. A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF HIGH AND LOW INSULIN RESPONDERS WITH NORMAL CARBOHYDRATE TOLERANCE

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0750087 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 87-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Karin Edström ◽

Erol Cerasi ◽

Rolf Luft

Keyword(s):

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

K Value ◽

Endogenous Insulin ◽

High Insulin ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Low Insulin Response

ABSTRACT A decreased insulin response to glucose administration has been suggested to be a prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus. Factors that increase the demand for insulin in the organism may precipitate diabetes in subjects with a low insulin response to a glucose infusion test (GIT). Since it is well-known that pregnancy is a diabetogenic factor, its effect on the carbohydrate metabolism of subjects with a low insulin response was studied. During pregnancy, the insulin response of the low responders was enhanced as in the controls, but at all stages the insulin response was significantly less than in the controls. None of the subjects developed glucose intolerance during pregnancy. The fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin levels and the k-value in intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were modified according to similar patterns in both groups. The sensitivity to endogenous insulin was significantly greater in the low insulin responders but was reduced to a greater extent than in the controls towards the end of pregnancy. In four of the 11 low insulin responders the initial insulin response to glucose in the last trimester was lower than in mid-pregnancy. This occurred only in one out of 14 high insulin responders. It is suggested that gestational diabetes occurs in those low insulin responders who demonstrate either a dramatic decrease in insulin sensitivity, or limitations in the enhancement of insulin release, or, more likely both conditions.

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METABOLISM OF [2-14C] PYRUVATE IN NORMAL, ACROMEGALIC AND HGH-TREATED HUMAN SUBJECTS

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0650155 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 155-169 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

W. W. Shreeve ◽

E. Cerasi ◽

R. Luft

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Marked Reduction ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Human Growth ◽

Pyruvate Oxidation ◽

High Insulin ◽

Low Glucose ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT In 4 studies on 3 acromegalic patients, who had normal iv glucose tolerance and high insulin response to infused glucose (Al), the oxidation to 14CO2 of [2-14C] pyruvate (injected intravenously in trace amount after overnight fast) was not different from that in 9 studies of 9 nonacromegalic »high insulin responders« (Ni). In 4 studies on 3 other acromegalic patients, who had low glucose tolerance and less insulin response to glucose (A2), the formation of 14CO2 was reduced to ½–⅔ that of Al or N1 and was about proportionate to the reduction in glucose tolerance. In A2 the 14CO2 formation was slightly lower than the mean for 10 studies with 7 non-acromegalic subjects, who were »low insulin responders« with normal or low glucose tolerance (N2). Among non-acromegalics expiration of 14CO2 was significantly lower in N2 than in N1. Among 4 non-acromegalic subjects treated with human growth hormone for 3–4 days one had a marked reduction in pyruvate oxidation, while all had a decrease in glucose tolerance. Analysis of 14C in blood glucose at 60 minutes after injection of [2-14C]pyruvate suggested that slightly more total 14C-glucose was present in A2 than N1 without any differences between A2 and N2 or N1 and N2. Two out of 4 studies in A1 showed lower than normal amounts of 14Cglucose. No change in 14C-glucose occurred after administration of HGH. The findings suggest that impairment of pyruvate oxidation accompanies a lowered glucose tolerance in acromegalics with a diabetic tendency. Changes in gluconeogenesis from pyruvate appear to be minimal.

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FURTHER STUDIES ON HEALTHY SUBJECTS WITH LOW AND HIGH INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0550305 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 305-329 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Erol Cerasi ◽

Rolf Luft

Keyword(s):

Healthy Subjects ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Intravenous Glucose ◽

The Family ◽

High Insulin ◽

History Of ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Plasma Insulin Response

ABSTRACT In a previous paper it was shown that 15 out of 85 healthy subjects with a normal intravenous glucose tolerance demonstrated a low plasma insulin response to glucose infusion which was similar to that obtained in diabetic subjects. In the present paper it has been shown that the type of insulin response to glucose infusion was the same when the test was repeated. Low insulin responders to glucose infusion, as a group, also showed low insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide and oral glucose. This indicates that the type of insulin response is characteristic for a given subject irrespective of the stimulation used. There seemed to be no difference in the occurrence of diabetes in the family history of the groups of low and high insulin responders.

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The effects of a marginal essential fatty acid diet in the early neonatal period on whole-body glucose tolerance in artificially reared rats

Nutrition Research ◽

10.1016/s0271-5317(02)00363-9 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 641-657

Author(s):

Rhonda C Bell ◽

Ine P.M Wauben ◽

Glenn R Ward ◽

Dawn McCutcheon ◽

Patricia E Wainwright

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Essential Fatty Acid ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Whole Body ◽

Early Neonatal Period ◽

Acid Diet

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Effect of an enkephalin-analogue (FK 33-824) on glucose tolerance in man

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1040085 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 85-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

X. Jeanrenaud ◽

E. Maeder ◽

E. Del Pozo ◽

J. P. Felber

Keyword(s):

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Oral Glucose Load ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Oral Test ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Glucose Curve

Abstract. The purpose of the present work was to study the effect of a methionine-enkephalin analogue (FK 33-824) on glucose tolerance in man. Groups of 5 to 8 normal subjects were given a 0.5 mg im injection of the drug or placebo just before a 100 g oral glucose load or a 0.5 g/kg iv glucose load. In the enkephalin analogue treated subjects, diminished insulin response to glucose was observed following the oral glucose load, with insulin values significantly lower than in the controls from time 10 to 90 min, but no corresponding change in the glucose curve. This effect was not observed when glucose was given iv in another group of 5 subjects in whom the significant blunting of the insulin response was accompanied by a significant decrease in glucose tolerance. These observations demonstrate that in man, enkephalin produces a decrease in insulin secretion in response to both oral and iv glucose loads. The absence of any marked impairment in glucose tolerance in the oral test in spite of the decreased insulin response suggests that enkephalin might have an additional effect in delaying glucose absorption.

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PLASMA GLUCOSE CLEARANCE AND INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN WETHERS FED A LOW MAGNESIUM AND/OR HIGH POTASSIUM DIET

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas84-270 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 300-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. TERASHIMA ◽

Y. ITOH ◽

H. ITOH

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Plasma Glucose ◽

Glucose Utilization ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Glucose Infusion ◽

High Potassium ◽

Low Magnesium ◽

Glucose Clearance ◽

Insulin Response To Glucose ◽

Insulin Responses

Plasma glucose clearance rates were lower (P < 0.10) in wethers fed the high potassium (0.32% Mg-4.90% K) diet compared with those of the control (0.32% Mg-0.75% K). Insulin responses to glucose infusion and feeding tended to be reduced in wethers fed the high potassium diet as compared to the control. Key words: Sheep, high potassium diet, glucose utilization, insulin

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