scholarly journals The Epistemology of Collective Testimony

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Testimonial Knowledge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Collective Commitment

Abstract In this paper, I explore what gives collective testimony its epistemic credentials, through a critical discussion of three competing accounts of the epistemology of collective testimony. According to the first view, collective testimony inherits its epistemic credentials from the beliefs the testimony expresses—where this can be seen either as the beliefs of all or some of the group’s members, or as the beliefs of group itself. The second view denies any necessary connection to belief, claiming instead that the epistemic credentials of collective testimony derive from the reliability or truth-conduciveness of the statement that expresses the testimony. Finally, the third view claims that the epistemic credentials of collective testimony derive from the fact that it involves undertaking a collective commitment to trustworthiness, which makes the group susceptible to rebuke and blame if its testimony is not trustworthy. I argue that this last account holds the most promise for preserving what is distinctive about testimonial knowledge while still underwriting a robust epistemology of collective testimony.

An Ineffective Controversy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Collier
Keyword(s):  
Critical Consciousness ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Dominant Narratives

This epilogue presents three strategies for making a critical discussion of neoliberalism more effective, some of which have been taken up by other scholars in recent years. The first is simply to develop greater critical consciousness about dominant narratives of neoliberalism—where they come from, and what their effects are likely to be. The second strategy, related to the first, is to turn greater attention to the flexibility of many elements of neoliberal reforms, and to the relationships they may have to diverse political projects. The third and final strategy is simply to take more seriously the question of what makes a particular tradition “neoliberal”; to ask in what, precisely, its neoliberalism consists.

The concept «reality» in John Berger’s essay about Vincent Van Gogh as an instrument of fine artworks interpretation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Tetyana Lunyova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Vincent Van Gogh ◽  
The Third ◽  
Artistic Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
Art For Art's Sake ◽  
World Image

The article investigates the interpretative function of the concept REALITY in John Berger’s essay about Vincent van Gogh’s art by applying the methodology of cognitive linguistics. Following Nikolay N. Boldyrev, the interpretative function of the language is considered in the article as the third main linguistic function. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the study are further developed with the idea, which is expressed by several researchers (V. V. Feshchenko, Ye. A. Yelina, U. A. Zharkova), that discourse about art performs an interpretative role. The aim of the study is to reveal the linguo-cognitive mechanisms that enable the concept REALITY to operate as a means of interpretation of van Gogh’s art in Berger’s essay. The research has demonstrated that before the concept REALITY is applied to the analysis of van Gogh’s paintings and drawings, this concept is explicitly interpreted in the essay. The following linguo-cognitive mechanisms are employed to make the content of the concept REALITY clear to the reader: actualization of the commonly known sense «reality is opposed to imagination», critical discussion of this sense, introduction of the conceptual metaphor REALITY IS THE OBJECT THAT SHOULD BE SALVAGED, and actualization of the selected fragments of the philosophical world image as well as scholarly world image, especially the conception of art for art’s sake and the conceptual metaphor REALITY IS SOMETHING THAT LIES BEHIND THE SCREEN CREATED BY THE CULTURE. Thus, having been thoroughly interpreted in the essay, the concept REALITY is used as an instrument of the interpretation of van Gogh’s artistic principles and artworks. The following linguo-cognitive mechanisms support the concept REALITY in its interpretative function: applying the conceptual metaphor REALITY IS SOMETHING THAT LIES BEHIND THE SCREEN CREATED BY THE CULTURE to read van Gogh’s letters, using the conceptual metaphor REALITY IS THE OBJECT THAT SHOULD BE SALVAGED to analyse the facts from the painter’s life, introducing the conceptual metaphor REALITY IS THE CONSUMING ITSELF PHOENIX, actualizing of the concepts WORK and PRODUCTION as the key concepts in the artist’s world image, utilizing the concepts WORK and PRODUCTION to interpret several of van Gogh’s paintings, applying the actualized conception of art for art’s sake to reveal van Gogh’s artistic principles, constructing the conceptual metaphors VAN GOGH’S ART IS APPROACHING THE WORLD and VAN GOGH’S ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION OF REALITY IS DISSOLVING IN REALITY, and constructing the conceptual metaphor VAN GOGH’S PAINTINGS ARE LASERS.

scholarly journals Prophetic witness: An appropriate mode of public discourse in the democratic South Africa?

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne De Villiers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Second Step ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Third ◽  
Democratic Societies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prophetic Witness ◽  
The Church

The question asked in the heading was answered in this article in four steps. In the first step, an attempt was made to find an accurate account of biblical prophecy by means of a critical discussion of certain influential interpretations of it. In the second step, the extent to which biblical prophecy could serve as a model for contemporary Christians was discussed and an acceptable Christian model of prophetic witness was formulated by drawing on the views of different authors. In the third step, the impact of democracy on the prophetic witness of the church was discussed. The Dutch theologian, Gerrit de Kruijf’s view that the public prophetic witness of the church is not appropriate in democratic societies was criticised and the legitimacy of certain forms of prophetic witness in such societies defended. In the final step, a number of examples of the prophetic witness that is needed in the present democratic South Africa were provided.

Report on the Premods Workshop: Culture/Cultural History, University of Turku, Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Heta Aali ◽  
Henna Karppinen-Kummunmäki ◽  
Niina Lehmusjärvi ◽  
Anne Närhi ◽  
Mari Tiihonen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Discussion Session ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Extensive Discussion ◽  
The Third ◽  
The University

The Premods network (PREMODern Doctoral Students) at the University of Turku, Finland, organized a three-day workshop, which took place in September, focusing on the themes, definitions and problems of cultural history within the context of Nordic medieval and early modern historical studies and academic institutions. All participants and organizers of the network were doctoral students. The workshop was organized as a series of discussion sessions in which the participants were divided into four groups. Based on the participants' submitted papers, the themes for the first discussion session were gender, politics, communication and religion. For the second session all four groups were asked to reflect on the question ‘What is cultural history?’. The third (and final) discussion was entitled ‘The Problems/Basics of Cultural History’ and comprised four different themes: sources, theory, methods and ethics of cultural history. The workshop revealed the need for extensive discussion on the special characteristics of the whole field of cultural history in order to deconstruct the bias associated with the field. The direction of cultural history evoked debates, particularly about its all-encompassing nature. Mainly owing to these two previous points, the usefulness of cultural history inspired critical discussion among the participants.

scholarly journals Three Responses to Anthropomorphism in Social Robotics: Towards a Critical, Relational, and Hermeneutic Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Coeckelbergh
Keyword(s):  
Social Robotics ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Relational Understanding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Scientists And Engineers

AbstractBoth designers and users of social robots tend to anthropomorphize robots. Focusing on the question how to conceptualize the relation between robots and humans, this paper first outlines two opposite philosophical views regarding this relation, which are connected to various normative responses to anthropomorphism and anthropomorphization. Then it argues for a third view: navigating between what it calls “naïve instrumentalism” and “uncritical posthumanism”, it develops a hermeneutic, relational, and critical approach. Paradoxically, by unpacking the human dimension of robotics in its use and development, this view enables a critical discussion of anthropomorphizing robots. At the same time, and again somewhat paradoxically, it avoids a naïve instrumentalist position by taking robots’ role as an instrument in a larger con-technology seriously. As such, the third view questions the dualism assumed in the debate. The paper then explores what this means for the field of social robotics and the education of computer scientists and engineers. It proposes a reform based on a relational understanding of the field itself and offers suggestions for the role of users-citizens.

The Role of Scientific Research in Film Theory

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Katherine Thomson-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Film Theory ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Philosophy Of Art ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Precise Role

This article offers a critical discussion of Murray Smith’s proposals regarding the role of science in film theory and the philosophy of art more broadly. I would like to examine the precise role given by Film, Art, and the Third Culture to scientific evidence in understanding film engagement. There are points in the book where scientific evidence is used to considerable theoretical or philosophical advantage. But there are other points where the role of scientific evidence is unclear or where an opportunity is missed for its full deployment in theorizing.

FACT Is a Fact of Both Life and Art

Projections ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Jerrold Levinson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Third Culture ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
The Third ◽  
Phenomenological Dimension

After expressing my enthusiasm for Murray Smith’s Film, Art, and the Third Culture, I offer a critical discussion focused upon the place of the experiential-phenomenological dimension in Smith’s naturalized aesthetics. I look closely at two films, Béla Tarr’s The Turin Horse (2011) and Jonathan Glazer’s Under the Skin (2013), in relationship to Smith’s claims about the qualia filmmakers impart to their creations and the highly specific states of mind, emotional and otherwise, that they manage to express and to evoke in viewers.

“Like a Fanciful Kind of Half Being”: Mary Wollstonecraft's Criticism of Jean‐Jacques Rousseau

Hypatia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Broad Scope ◽  
Normative Significance ◽  
Biological Reductionism

The article investigates the philosophical foundations and details of Mary Wollstonecraft's criticism of Jean‐Jacques Rousseau's views on the education and nature of women. I argue that Wollstonecraft's criticism must not be understood as a constructionist critique of biological reductionism. The first section analyzes the differences between Wollstonecraft's and Rousseau's views on the possibility of a true civilization and shows how these differences connect to their respective conceptions of moral psychology. The section shows that Wollstonecraft's disagreement with Rousseau's views on women was rooted in a broad scope of philosophical disagreement. The second section focuses on Rousseau's concept of nature, and I argue that Rousseau was neither a biological determinist nor a functionalist who denied that nature had any normative significance. The section ends with a discussion of Wollstonecraft's criticism of Rousseau's application of the distinction between the natural and the artificial. The third section focuses on Wollstonecraft's critique of Rousseau's claim that there are different standards for the perfectibility of men and women. The article concludes with a critical discussion of the claim that Aristotle would have provided Wollstonecraft with the philosophical tools she needed for her criticism of Rousseau.

scholarly journals Tourism - an academic discipline (discursive article)

Turyzm ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Butowski
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
The Third ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Tourism Studies

The article discusses the main methodological dilemmas connected with tourism as a field of academic research. The first part presents tourism as an area of interest in various academic disciplines. The second is a critical discussion on multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches to the study of tourism. The third features an analysis of the methodological standpoints concerning possibilities for the autonomy of tourism as an academic discipline. The summary proposes a model of development for tourism studies aimed at the autonomy of academic tourism.

Progress report on 21-cm observations at low latitude between longitudes (l 11) 0° and 66°

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 177-179
Author(s):  
W. W. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
The Third ◽  
Introductory Lecture ◽  
Centre Region

In the course of several 21-cm observing programmes being carried out by the Leiden Observatory with the 25-meter telescope at Dwingeloo, a fairly complete, though inhomogeneous, survey of the regionl11= 0° to 66° at low galactic latitudes is becoming available. The essential data on this survey are presented in Table 1. Oort (1967) has given a preliminary report on the first and third investigations. The third is discussed briefly by Kerr in his introductory lecture on the galactic centre region (Paper 42). Burton (1966) has published provisional results of the fifth investigation, and I have discussed the sixth in Paper 19. All of the observations listed in the table have been completed, but we plan to extend investigation 3 to a much finer grid of positions.

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