scholarly journals Aspects On The Importance Of Electronic Processing Of Information In Calculating The Profit Tax

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
Miranda Petronella Vlad ◽  
Mariana Rodica Ţîrlea
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Total Revenue ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
Electronic Processing ◽  
Legal Entities

Abstract The profit, according to the definition given in the Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian language (Dex), represents a “gain” obtained in a given period of time by taxpayers, legal entities and individuals, while the total revenue achieved by economic activities performed in order to obtain income, are greater than the costs incurred to obtain the respective income. According to the regulations in effect, this gain is subject to taxation by applying a rate of 16% on the tax base. The resulted amount, represents the income tax, sum which once listed and submitted with a tax return to the tax institution, becomes a tax receivable which the state is entitled to collect. A special importance in determining the tax base for income tax calculation, it represented by a correct electronic processing of accounting data for obtaining information in order to determine the correct amounts owed to the state and the electronic preparation and submission of tax returns.

Ocena skutków regulacji zawartych w poselskim projekcie ustawy o podatku od niektórych usług cyfrowych i Funduszu Technologii Cyfrowych

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 202-212
Author(s):  
Jacek Kulicki
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
State And Local

In the opinion of the author, doubts are raised as to the manner of determining the scope of the tax and the tax base by relating these elements of the tax to the so-called significant digital presence of the digital sector enterprise in the territory of Poland. The amount of the tax rate (7%) also raises doubts. The introduction of a tax on certain digital services may also be associated with a decrease in income tax revenues of the state and local government budgets.

THE COMPARISON OF CORPORATE INCOME TAX IN LATVIA AND LITHUANIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jūlija Ščeglova ◽  
Iveta Mietule
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Advance Payment ◽  
Tax Payers

Corporate income tax is one of the important taxes that provide revenues to the state budget. Article contains a comparison between Latvian and Lithuanian existing legislation relating to corporate income tax, studied differences between the tax rates, tax base, tax period and taxpayers. Were described differences that are related to the advance payment calculation, as well as created an example that shows how advance payments are calculated in Latvian and Lithuanian companies. As a result, it was found that there are several common features in the Latvian and Lithuanian legislation, with regard to corporate income tax, for example, the tax payers, taxation period, tax rate, the taxable amount. But there are several differences, such as the nuances of rates for non-residents, depending on the type of revenue, advance payment deadlines and other particularities of the calculation of the advance payments. Also differ corporate income tax payment deadlines. It was concluded that making advance payments in Lithuanian enterprises is more profitable, because it was calculated that at the same conditions, the amount of advances in Lithuania is lower than in Latvia.

Features of Legal Status of Organizations, Established Pursuant to Federal Laws, and Organizations, Established for Fulfillment of Tasks, Assigned to Federal State Bodies

10.12737/7573 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Олег Гутников ◽  
Olyeg Gutnikov
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Assessment Practices ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Constitutional Principle ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Legal Entities

The article discusses the features of the legal status of organizations against officials whose legislation against corruption provides additional anti-corruption measures are the same as apply to public servants. Concludes that the legal status of the organizations concerned are completely different. Rallying point for them is essentially only the Federal Law "On Combating Corruption", according to which range of organizations, the most significant for the state and society in terms of corruption risks, determined by government approval lists of specific legal entities. The article provides a critical assessment practices of approving lists of organizations that have special importance for the state and society in terms of corruption risks. This practice is discriminatory and violates the constitutional principle of equality before the law and the courts. In the anti-corruption legislation is proposed to define the categories of legal entities which are most significant for the state and society in terms of corruption risks. In determining relevant categories of legal entities must treat them not only organizations which have the legal relationship with the Russian Federation, but also other organizations, which in terms of corruption risks are of particular importance for society and the state. These organizations are invited to refer seven categories of legal entities.

scholarly journals Reassessing the Fair Tax

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Santoro ◽  
Caleb S. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Ultimate Ownership ◽  
Optimal Tax ◽  
Austrian Tradition

In the United States, debates over the optimal tax-base have raged since the implementation of the income tax in 1913. Recently, the controversy has centered around the Fair Tax. Advocates of the Fair Tax contend that it will achieve two goals. First, they claim it will maintain revenue neutrality. Second, they claim it will tax only consumption rather than impinging on income and savings. In this paper, we use insights from the Austrian tradition of economics to question the desirability of the first claim and to question the feasibility of the second claim. We conclude that debates over taxation in general would be more fruitful if they returned to more fundamental issues—namely the quantity of resources over which the state possesses ultimate ownership.

scholarly journals Meteorological Safety of Entering Eastern Adriatic Ports

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ružica Popović ◽  
Mirsad Kulović ◽  
Tatjana Stanivuk
Keyword(s):  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
The State ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Marine Economy ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
High Level ◽  
Marine Meteorology

Traffic and sea shipping industry are perhaps the most important economic activities in modern economic and social development of the world. Basic features and the meaning of sea shipping industry, as one of the constituent parts of multimodal transport, emerge primarily from special characteristics of the sea as a transportation way. Ports represent a great economic power; they play an essential role in the international and national economies, as well as in the global commodity exchange. They are of special importance because they are primary starting points for marine economy development. Numerous factors are relevant for the role and development of ports and port systems, and the most important ones include natural characteristics of ports, such as the depth and spatiality of the port maritime zone, shelter from winds, waves, sea currents and tides, and climate features. The recognition of the importance of meteorology for maritime activities has even changed the schooling of seamen; educational programme have been adjusted according to WMO recommendations, ships have been equipped with the state-of-the-art meteorological and navigational devices, and once the satellites were introduced the meteorological service has reached a high level of development and forecast accuracy. Therefore, marine meteorology should not be neglected; it should be given as much importance so as to become a constituent part of the skill for choosing the best and optimal shipping route. Marine meteorology (which includes the river meteorology as well) provides weather information to various maritime and river transportation activities. First of all, it refers to information on the state of wind and sea. Considering the importance of understanding the weather and climate of the area where a port is located, this paper provides a detailed overview of the climatological elements, including wind roses, for each of the presented ports: Rijeka, Zadar (Gaženica), Split (North Port), Ploče and Dubrovnik (Gruž).

Power Supply for State-Owned Enterprises

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
Denis Shepelev ◽  
Dina Shepeleva ◽  
Natalia Kondrakhina
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The State ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Legal Entities

This article presents a comprehensive study of energy supply problems for state-owned enterprises. The categories considered (financial activity, legal interests, energy system) allow to reveal the special importance of state enterprises for the state economy. Identification of energy supply problems of state-owned enterprises will allow to assess the optimal power capacities of the public legal sector. The revealed regularities of the energy potential will allow us to assess the risks when planning and predicting energy efficiency. The dynamics of the increase in the consumption of electricity by state enterprises is traced, at the same time as the search for alternative sources of resource support is on. The developed infrastructure of state-owned enterprises implies the search for technologically justified solutions to obtain energy resources in an innovative way. Recommended approach of energy saving systems usage will allow the enterprise manages to optimize the costs. State enterprise is a unique organizational and legal form with the participation of public and legal entities that allow the state to participate in economic processes in the most optimal, efficient and effective way and realize the most significant state tasks. Such tasks include: implementation of public interests, provision of society with necessary goods and services, implementation of separately subsidized activities, production of military equipment, cartridges, gunpowder, chemical production, disposal of hazardous waste. These tasks emphasize a special priority for the presence of public legal entities in this sector of the economy. The legal nature of state enterprises allows for the most effective implementation of this activity.

scholarly journals A Statistical Study of the Forestry in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Т. V. Kobylynska ◽  
N. Yu. Huseva
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
The State ◽  
State Agency ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
State Taxation ◽  
Legal Entities

The article is devoted to the analysis of the forestry in Ukraine as the reference point for further development of the framework for constructing the national forest account allowing for a description of interactions between economic activities and forests as a nature environment, and for consistent and comprehensive integration of environmental and economic problems in this field. The study covers the existing statistical definitions, classifications and the available statistical information about the forest, selected forestry indicators for Ukraine, the existing sources of data for the analysis of forestry, with proposing the necessary steps for further applications of forest accounting tools, in order to construct the forest account.   It is pointed out that the forestry is represented by two large groups of institutional units: physical persons or groups of physical persons in form of households; legal entities, established and operated in keeping with the law, irrespective of what persons or entities may be their owners or managers. The main categories of legal entities are corporations, non-commercial organizations, and public administration bodies.   It is determined that the main sources of data about the forest fund and forest resources of Ukraine are as follows: (i) statistical information based on the data from enterprises, obtained from official statistical observations of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine; (ii) administrative data based on the data from enterprises, obtained by public administration bodies (The State Service of Ukraine on Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre, the State Agency of Forest Resources of Ukraine, the State Custom Service, the State Taxation Service) as part of functional responsibilities; (iii) the data of the national inventory of forests, obtained by the authorized bodies. The latest official data of the national forest inventory for Ukraine are available as of January 01, 2011, but these data have not been published yet in a proper manner.    It is demonstrated that the official statistics cover a limited set of statistical data about the forestry due to the institutional constraints. A dynamic and structural analysis of the forest lands is explored, with outlining the main problems related with improving methodological approaches to the formation of the forestry statistics. The analysis allowed for determining the main areas of improvements in the forestry accounting and coming up with propositions of necessary steps to solve the problems of statistical studies of this industry.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION PRISING INNOVATIONS IN OFFSHORE OPERATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 699-707
Author(s):  
M. Rudaia
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Transfer Pricing ◽  
The State ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Offshore Operations

The article deals with modern approaches to the issue of transfer pricing in the conditions in offshore operations. Considerable attention is spared to the innovations in a tax law on counteraction to washing out of tax base and leadingout of acuestss from taxation. The modern characteristic features of intercommunication of offshore financial jurisdictions and renewed three-level format of accounting are certain on the transfer pricing. Therefore considerable actuality is acquired by possibilities to carry out control a supervisory organ after the transfer pricing, a duty is set for taxpayers to keep documents and information that is necessary for realization of tax control after the transfer pricing. The directions of control over transfer pricing in Ukraine. Realization of these norms will allow substantially to improve control of the transfer pricing in operations with offshores in the conditions of globalization of economy. Thus, one of key principles of forming of mechanism of the transfer pricing, in a context further fight against avoiding tax payment, realization is by the state of purposeful influence on the processes of administration and realization to the international standards. Key words: transfer pricing, offshore, income tax, controlled operations.

scholarly journals REFORMING THE CORPORATE INCOME TAX IN THE CONTEXT OF ENSURING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF PUBLIC FINANCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (7) ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Inna LUNINA ◽  
◽  
Olena BILOUSOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Government Sector ◽  
High Level

To ensure the long-term sustainability of Ukraine’s public finances under conditions of a high level of public debt and significant payouts for its servicing, formation of prerequisites for economic growth and tax revenues of the state is required. The problem aspects of the corporate income tax in Ukraine are researched. Attention is focused on shortcomings of legal regulations of the tax base definition, which resulted in a significant reduction of budget revenues from corporate income tax, as well as their share in the total amount of revenues and mandatory payments of the general government sector (the state tax revenues) in 2014–2017. Based on the results of generalization of Estonia’s experience on use of the tax on withdrawn capital under conditions of Ukraine (when not the tax rates, but corruption and ineffective bureaucracy hinder economic growth), the authors conclude that the introduction of this tax is inexpedient. After all, the main consequence of such a reform of the corporate income tax will be growth of the budget deficit and public debt. According to the international experience, processes of reducing the corporate income tax accompany the unification of norms to form the corporate income tax base to prevent abuses and improve the efficiency of financial control. It is determined that the necessary prerequisites to ensure the sustainability of public finances in Ukraine are: (i) to counteract the evasion from payment of corporate income tax by establishing the legislative restrictions on the recording of expenses when determining the tax base for all taxpayers, and (ii) to simultaneously introduce tax incentives for research, development and innovation-investment activities of enterprises.

scholarly journals Effective Taxation of Top Incomes in Germany

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Bach ◽  
Giacomo Corneo ◽  
Viktor Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Income Tax Reform

Abstract We exploit a dataset that includes the individual tax returns of all taxpayers in the top percentile of the income distribution in Germany to pin down the effective income taxation of households with very high incomes. Taking tax base erosion into account, we find that the top percentile of the income distribution pays an effective average tax rate of 30.5% and contributes more than a quarter of total income tax revenue. Within the top percentile, the effective average tax rate is first increasing, then decreasing, with income. Since the 1990s, effective average tax rates for the German super-rich have fallen by about a third, with major reductions occurring in the wake of the personal income tax reform of 2001-05. As a result, the concentration of net incomes at the very top of the distribution has strongly increased in Germany.

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