scholarly journals Toward a formal model of semantic change: A neo-Reichenbachian approach to the development of the Vedic past tense system

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eystein Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Formal Model ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relational Framework

Abstract This paper explores some ways in which a neo-Reichenbachian time-relational framework can be applied to diachronic data. The target language of this study is Vedic Sanskrit, the language of the sacred texts of Hinduism. The main focus of the paper concerns the evolution of the Vedic past tense system, which at the beginning of the Vedic tradition is aspect-based and later develops into a system where temporal remoteness and evidentiality distinctions determine the distribution of the past tense categories. This language therefore offers a particularly intriguing data set for exploring the diachronic relationship between aspect, proximal tense and evidentiality, a field of diachronic semantics which has only received limited attention in the research literature.

scholarly journals The development of the Imperfect in Ancient Greek from simple past to imperfective as a blocking phenomenon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-150
Author(s):  
Ian Hollenbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Formal Semantics ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Semantic Change ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Pragmatic Account

Abstract This article seeks to combine the viewpoints of formal semantics and pragmatics, typology, historical linguistics, and philology, in order to give a diachronic overview of the semantic and pragmatic changes observable for the Imperfect indicative within the recorded history Greek. Since its development does not adhere to typologically expected stages of semantic change, I provide a pragmatic account by taking into consideration not only the Imperfect but also the rest of the past-tense system of Greek, namely the Aorist and Perfect. With this holistic approach, I am able to motivate a development that is otherwise typologically anomalous.

scholarly journals Measuring the effectiveness of answers in Yahoo! Answers

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alton Y.K Chua ◽  
Snehasish Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Community Question Answering ◽  
The Past ◽  
Question Types ◽  
Track Record

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ways in which effectiveness of answers in Yahoo! Answers, one of the largest community question answering sites (CQAs), is related to question types and answerer reputation. Effective answers are defined as those that are detailed, readable, superior in quality and contributed promptly. Five question types that were studied include factoid, list, definition, complex interactive and opinion. Answerer reputation refers to the past track record of answerers in the community. Design/methodology/approach – The data set comprises 1,459 answers posted in Yahoo! Answers in response to 464 questions that were distributed across the five question types. The analysis was done using factorial analysis of variance. Findings – The results indicate that factoid, definition and opinion questions are comparable in attracting high quality as well as readable answers. Although reputed answerers generally fared better in offering detailed and high-quality answers, novices were found to submit more readable responses. Moreover, novices were more prompt in answering factoid, list and definition questions. Originality/value – By analysing variations in answer effectiveness with a twin focus on question types and answerer reputation, this study explores a strand of CQA research that has hitherto received limited attention. The findings offer insights to users and designers of CQAs.

scholarly journals Target Variation as a Contributing Factor in TAML2 Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Paz González ◽  
Carmen Kleinherenbrink
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
First Language ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Past Tenses

This study aims to clarify whether variation in the target language can influence its acquisition. More specifically, this study describes the acquisition of Spanish as a second language (L2) by examining the learning process based on (a) the first language (L1) of the learner and (b) which Spanish dialect is being learnt (the target). The phenomenon under scrutiny is the use of past tenses in the L2, as it has been proven to adequately measure the competence of the learner. Data from two L2 at-home-classroom student groups in the Netherlands, divided by either a European or Latin American oriented study program, has been collected. The task that they have made is a written narrative that elicits past verb forms in hodiernal and prehodiernal contexts. Our data shows a clear distinction in the preference of the past tense forms that each of the groups has, that can only be explained by looking at the Spanish variety which both program offers

High-Ability College Students and Undergraduate Honors Programs: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-215
Author(s):  
Anne N. Rinn ◽  
Jonathan A. Plucker
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Honors Programs ◽  
High Ability ◽  
Honors Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Ability Students

Meeting the intellectual needs of high-ability students does not end upon graduation from high school. However, limited attention is paid to the important topic of postsecondary advanced learning in the research literature. In this systematic review, we identified 52 empirical studies published during the past 15 years. Results suggest various cognitive and psychosocial factors influence achievement among high-ability college students and that honors programming leads to positive student outcomes. The findings are discussed in light of the need for an understanding of high-ability college students and postsecondary honors education.

scholarly journals Topic Modeling Russian History

2020 ◽  
pp. 427-442
Author(s):  
Mila Oiva
Keyword(s):  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
European History ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Data Set ◽  
East European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

AbstractTopic modeling is a highly useful method that can provide new ways to understand the past. In order to reach the full potential of the method, the researcher needs to understand the context, the specifics of the data, and how the algorithm works and know the research literature. This chapter demonstrates how topic modeling can be applied in the studies of Russian and East European history. It illustrates the choices a researcher will face and the needed steps for preparing a data set for topic modeling, and shows how the interpretation of topic modeling results works in practice. The chapter also addresses the question of the scattered nature of digitized collections of Russian history sources, and the associated challenges and opportunities in this context.

Preverbation and narrativity in Lithuanian. The distribution of finite simplex and compound verbs in narrative main clauses

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Lea Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Text ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Finite Verb

The article deals with the use of simplex and compound (prefixed) verbs in narrative text. Main clauses comprising finite verb forms in the past and in the past habitual tense are examined in an attempt to establish to what extent simplex and compound verbs exhibit aspect oppositions, and whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of simplex vs. compound verbs and distinct textual units. The investigation shows that although simple and compound verbs in Lithuanian are not in direct aspect opposition to each other, in the background text portions most of the verbs are prefixless past tense forms or habitual forms, whereas in the plot-advancing text portions, the vast majority of verbs are compound verbs in the simple past tense.  

The concept of the flat earth in the holy scripture

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
V.P. Kultenko ◽  
◽  
K.M. Mamchur ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Experience ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
The Past

The article deals with the concept of flat Earth. There has a adherents and defenders in the modern world, despite the solid age of heliocentric teaching. Flat Earth apologists point out, that the evidence in favor of the scientific heliocentric theory is held on confidence. People should trust the testimony of astronauts, space exploration data, and more. However, the vast majority of people cannot verify this data from their own practical experience. If science is a criterion for truth, then the heliocentric concepts and flat Earth are far removed from this criterion. Moreover, in the cultural experience of the past we can find arguments in favor of the concept of a flat Earth. These testimonies are contained, in particular, in the Old Testament Bible, the sacred texts of Christianity and Judaism. The mythological and religious texts of other nations and cultures also refer to the idea of a flat Earth.

scholarly journals Change in mean and extreme temperature at Yingkou station in Northeast China from 1904 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 164 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Xue ◽  
Guoyu Ren ◽  
Xiubao Sun ◽  
Panfeng Zhang ◽  
Yuyu Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Downward Trend ◽  
Cold Events ◽  
Temperature Indices ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
Change In Mean

AbstractThe understanding of centennial trends of extreme temperature has been impeded due to the lack of early-year observations. In this paper, we collect and digitize the daily temperature data set of Northeast China Yingkou meteorological station since 1904. After quality control and homogenization, we analyze the changes of mean and extreme temperature in the past 114 years. The results show that mean temperature (Tmean), maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) all have increasing trends during 1904–2017. The increase of Tmin is the most obvious with the rate of 0.34 °C/decade. The most significant warming occurs in spring and winter with the rate of Tmean reaching 0.32 °C/decade and 0.31 °C/decade, respectively. Most of the extreme temperature indices as defined using absolute and relative thresholds of Tmax and Tmin also show significant changes, with cold events witnessing a more significant downward trend. The change is similar to that reported for global land and China for the past six decades. It is also found that the extreme highest temperature (1958) and lowest temperature (1920) records all occurred in the first half of the whole period, and the change of extreme temperature indices before 1950 is different from that of the recent decades, in particular for diurnal temperature range (DTR), which shows an opposite trend in the two time periods.

Second language processing of English past tense morphology: The role of working memory

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Rızaoğlu ◽  
Ayşe Gürel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Second Language ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Morphological Processing ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
L2 Learners

AbstractThis study examines, via a masked priming task, the processing of English regular and irregular past tense morphology in proficient second language (L2) learners and native speakers in relation to working memory capacity (WMC), as measured by the Automated Reading Span (ARSPAN) and Operation Span (AOSPAN) tasks. The findings revealed quantitative group differences in the form of slower reaction times (RTs) in the L2-English group. While no correlation was found between the morphological processing patterns and WMC in either group, there was a negative relationship between English and Turkish ARSPAN scores and the speed of word recognition in the L2 group. Overall, comparable decompositional processing patterns found in both groups suggest that, like native speakers, high-proficiency L2 learners are sensitive to the morphological structure of the target language.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document