Infection agents of Didelphidae (Didelphimorphia) of Brazil: an underestimated matter in zoonoses research

Mammalia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus M. Bitencourt ◽  
Alexandra M. R. Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Programs ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Public Research ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Marsupial Species ◽  
Study Case

Abstract Zoonoses are diseases or infections naturally transmissible from vertebrate animals to humans, and can be bacterial, viral or parasitic. The growth of urbanization, industrialization and the advance of agriculture and livestock facilitate the spread of infectious and parasitic agents from wild animals to the human population and to their domestic animals. Among the various reservoirs of zoonotic agents, we find that didelphid species, due to their high capacity for adaptation in urban environments, as an important study case. We reviewed the literature data on the pathogens, including with zoonotic potential of marsupial species occurring in Brazil, accounted for infections by agents that we categorized into Bacteria, Viruses, Protozoa, and Helminths. Aiming identifies possible knowledge gaps, we also surveyed the origin of studied samples and the institutions leading the researches on host didelphids. Among the hosts, the genus Didelphis in the cycles of these agents stands out. Moreover, we found that the majority of reported cases are in the Southeastern Brazil, mean the data from other Brazilian localities and didelphid species could be underestimated. Most studies took place in graduate programs of public research institutions, emphasizing the importance of the funding public research for the Brazilian scientific development.

Relationships

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip James
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Exotic Pets

Relationships between organisms within urban environments are many and varied. Plants are found in many households, and in addition to the benefits derived from their decorative properties, they also purify the air by removing pollutants. Over the course of history some animals have become domesticated: cows, horses, goats, providing food and transport. Of these, a select group have become companions (cats, dogs, and more exotic pets). Such domesticated and companion animals are an important part of the overall biology of urban environments and these relationships are explored and discussed. Some former companion or domestic animals have become feral, and other animals have never been domesticated and live freely in the urban environment. Some of these animals have beneficial relationships with humans whereas others are parasitic or are considered pests. These relationships are the focus for the later part of the exploration set out in this chapter.

scholarly journals Tolerance to Human Presence, a Comparison between Rural and Urban Birds in Southeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Maria Cecília Barbosa de Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Urban Birds ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Individual Bird

Green urban areas such as parks, squares, gardens, and forest fragments present a large diversity of uses and conservation objectives. These spaces provide resources for many species of birds that are confronted with the necessity of living in proximity to humans. It is assumed that bird species that acquire resources in urban environments live in a constant state of fear to guarantee survival and reproduction. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of birds with respect to human presence in two distinct conditions, rural areas (low level of human presence) and urban areas (high level of human presence). The fieldwork was conducted in a city in the Southeast region of Brazil, and the methodology used the alert distance and flight initiation measurements based on the approach of an observer to the individual bird being focused. Our results suggest that individuals observed in urban areas rely on shorter alert and escape distances, especially males, adults, and birds that forage in interspecific flocks. We discuss the challenges and strategies with respect to escape characteristics of urban birds, with special focus on the economic escape theory. In general, our results support those from studies conducted in other urban areas in different biogeographic regions, and they will aid in comprehending the impacts caused by the increase in urban areas around the world.

Solar Pv Potential Analysis of Bus Shelters in Urban Environments: A Study Case in Ávila (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sanchez Aparicio ◽  
Enrique González-González ◽  
Jose Antonio Martín ◽  
Luis Javier Sánchez-Aparicio ◽  
Susana Lagüela
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environments ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Study Case

scholarly journals Spectral Unmixing for Thermal Infrared Multi-Spectral Airborne Imagery over Urban Environments: Day and Night Synergy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1871
Author(s):  
Carlos Granero-Belinchon ◽  
Aurelie Michel ◽  
Veronique Achard ◽  
Xavier Briottet
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Spectral Unmixing ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
European Security ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Study Case

TRUST (Thermal Remote sensing Unmixing for Subpixel Temperature) is a spectral unmixing method developed to provide subpixel abundances and temperatures from radiance images in the thermal domain. By now, this method has been studied in simple study cases, with a low number of endmembers, high spatial resolutions (1 m) and more than 30 spectral bands in the thermal domain. Thus, this article aims to show the applicability of TRUST on a highly challenging study case: the analysis of a heterogeneous urban environment with airborne multispectral (eight thermal bands) images at 8-m resolution. Thus, this study is necessary to generalize the use of TRUST in the analysis of urban thermography. Since TRUST allows linking intrapixel temperatures to specific materials, it appears as a very useful tool to characterize Surface Urban Heat Islands and its dynamics at high spatial resolutions. Moreover, this article presents an improved version of TRUST, called TRUST-DNS (Day and Night Synergy), which takes advantage of daytime and nighttime acquisitions to improve the unmixing performances. In this study, both TRUST and TRUST-DNS were applied on daytime and nighttime airborne thermal images acquired over the center of Madrid during the DESIREX (Dual-use European Security IR Experiment) campaign in 2008. The processed images were obtained with the Aircraft Hyperspectral Scanner (AHS) sensor at 4-m spatial resolution on 4 July. TRUST-DNS appears to be more stable and slightly outperforms TRUST on both day and night images. In addition, TRUST applied on daytime outperforms TRUST on nighttime, illustrating the importance of the temperature contrasts during day for thermal unmixing.

Land cover mapping in urban environments using hyperspectral APEX data: A study case in Baden, Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fen Chen ◽  
Huajun Jiang ◽  
Tim Van de Voorde ◽  
Sijia Lu ◽  
Wenbo Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Land Cover Mapping ◽  
Study Case

Is the domestic dog becoming an abundant species in the Atlantic forest? A study case in southeastern Brazil

Mammalia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria O. Paschoal ◽  
Rodrigo L. Massara ◽  
Julianna L. Santos ◽  
Adriano G. Chiarello
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Domestic Dog ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Study Case

No Turns Allowed: Controlling Vehicles Turning in Front of Light Rail Vehicles

2000 ◽  
Vol 1704 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
José I. Farrán
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Control ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
Mode Of Transportation

A key attribute of light rail transit (LRT) is its ability to integrate well into urban environments, sharing the public right-of-way with motor vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians. This characteristic has made LRT very successful in urban corridors that require a high-capacity mode of transportation operating in a shared (on-street or mall) right-of-way environment. Although LRT is an inherently safe mode of transportation, accidents do occur. Such accidents negatively affect not only the parties involved, but also the operation of the entire LRT system and the reputation of the transit property. LRT accident data indicate that the most prevalent type of light rail vehicle (LRV)-motor vehicle accident occurs when motor vehicles turn left or right across LRT tracks and collide with an LRV rapidly approaching the intersection. Five of the most-common types of such accidents are identified, and traffic control devices and techniques are recommended to improve safety by conveying to the motorist the higher level of risk in violating a left or right turn signal prohibition.

scholarly journals Meta-transcriptomic analysis of virus diversity in urban wild birds with paretic disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Shan Chang ◽  
John-Sebastian Eden ◽  
Jane Hall ◽  
Mang Shi ◽  
Karrie Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Wildlife Diseases ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Virus Diversity

AbstractWild birds are major natural reservoirs and potential dispersers of a variety of infectious diseases. As such, it is important to determine the diversity of viruses they carry and use this information to help understand the potential risks of spill-over to humans, domestic animals, and other wildlife. We investigated the potential viral causes of paresis in long-standing, but undiagnosed disease syndromes in wild Australian birds. RNA from diseased birds was extracted and pooled based on tissue type, host species and clinical manifestation for metagenomic sequencing. Using a bulk and unbiased meta-transcriptomic approach, combined with careful clinical investigation and histopathology, we identified a number of novel viruses from the families Astroviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, Flaviviridae, and Circoviridae in common urban wild birds including Australian magpies, magpie lark, pied currawongs, Australian ravens, and rainbow lorikeets. In each case the presence of the virus was confirmed by RT-PCR. These data revealed a number of candidate viral pathogens that may contribute to coronary, skeletal muscle, vascular and neuropathology in birds of the Corvidae and Artamidae families, and neuropathology in members of the Psittaculidae. The existence of such a diverse virome in urban avian species highlights the importance and challenges in elucidating the etiology and ecology of wildlife pathogens in urban environments. This information will be increasingly important for managing disease risks and conducting surveillance for potential viral threats to wildlife, livestock and human health. More broadly, our work shows how meta-transcriptomics brings a new utility to pathogen discovery in wildlife diseases.ImportanceWildlife naturally harbor a diverse array of infectious microorganisms and can be a source of novel diseases in domestic animals and human populations. Using unbiased RNA sequencing we identified highly diverse viruses in native birds in Australian urban environments presenting with paresis. This investigation included the clinical investigation and description of poorly understood recurring syndromes of unknown etiology: clenched claw syndrome, and black and white bird disease. As well as identifying a range of potentially disease-causing viral pathogens, this study describes methods that can effectively and efficiently characterize emergent disease syndromes in free ranging wildlife, and promotes further surveillance for specific potential pathogens of potential conservation and zoonotic concern.

scholarly journals Evaluación del espacio público para un envejecimiento activo en España: estudio de caso en las 3 ciudades más pobladas = Evaluation of public space for active ageing in Spain: study case of the 3 largest cities

2020 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Elisa Pozo Menéndez
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Urban Renovation ◽  
Study Case

ResumenEl presente trabajo aborda el reto del envejecimiento activo desde la perspectiva del diseño urbano: ¿son los espacios públicos de las ciudades españolas “amigables” para las personas mayores? Se ha realizado una caracterización de las necesidades específicas del adulto mayor y los elementos de diseño del espacio público que deberían tenerse en cuenta en proyectos de renovación urbana. Esta caracterización, junto con una revisión de guías y documentos técnicos, ha dado como resultado la selección de 25 elementos para la evaluación de un caso de estudio en el casco urbano de la ciudad consolidada de las 3 ciudades españolas más pobladas. Los resultados muestran un mínimo de habitabilidad y accesibilidad de los espacios públicos, pero un déficit en los parámetros de calidad para favorecer entornos “amigables” con las personas mayores, como zonas estanciales con bancos ergonómicos, elementos de apoyo cada cierta distancia o señalética accesible para orientarse en las calles.AbstractThis study addresses active ageing from the urban perspective: are public spaces in Spanish cities age-friendly? A characterization of the older adult has been done identifying the elements of the public space that should be considered in projects of urban renovation. From this characterization, as well as a review of guides and technical documents, 25 elements have been proposed in order to evaluate one study case in the urban city centre of the 3 largest cities in Spain. Results show a minimum quality of habitability and accessibility in the built environment. However, there is a lack of quality parameters in order to promote healthy and age-friendly urban environments, such as ergonomic benches in places to stay, minimum distance between supports or signals to support way-finding in streets.

scholarly journals Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Virus Diversity in Urban Wild Birds with Paretic Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Shan Chang ◽  
John-Sebastian Eden ◽  
Jane Hall ◽  
Mang Shi ◽  
Karrie Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Virus Diversity

ABSTRACT Wild birds are major natural reservoirs and potential dispersers of a variety of infectious diseases. As such, it is important to determine the diversity of viruses they carry and use this information to help understand the potential risks of spillover to humans, domestic animals, and other wildlife. We investigated the potential viral causes of paresis in long-standing, but undiagnosed, disease syndromes in wild Australian birds. RNA from diseased birds was extracted and pooled based on tissue type, host species, and clinical manifestation for metagenomic sequencing. Using a bulk and unbiased metatranscriptomic approach, combined with clinical investigation and histopathology, we identified a number of novel viruses from the families Astroviridae, Adenoviridae, Picornaviridae, Polyomaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Parvoviridae, and Circoviridae in common urban wild birds, including Australian magpies, magpie larks, pied currawongs, Australian ravens, and rainbow lorikeets. In each case, the presence of the virus was confirmed by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. These data revealed a number of candidate viral pathogens that may contribute to coronary, skeletal muscle, vascular, and neuropathology in birds of the Corvidae and Artamidae families and neuropathology in members of the Psittaculidae. The existence of such a diverse virome in urban avian species highlights the importance and challenges in elucidating the etiology and ecology of wildlife pathogens in urban environments. This information will be increasingly important for managing disease risks and conducting surveillance for potential viral threats to wildlife, livestock, and human health. IMPORTANCE Wildlife naturally harbor a diverse array of infectious microorganisms and can be a source of novel diseases in domestic animals and human populations. Using unbiased RNA sequencing, we identified highly diverse viruses in native birds from Australian urban environments presenting with paresis. This research included the clinical investigation and description of poorly understood recurring syndromes of unknown etiology: clenched claw syndrome and black and white bird disease. As well as identifying a range of potentially disease-causing viral pathogens, this study describes methods that can effectively and efficiently characterize emergent disease syndromes in free-ranging wildlife and promotes further surveillance for specific pathogens of potential conservation and zoonotic concern.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document