Aristotelian Time

Metaphysica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49
Author(s):  
Dionysios A. Anapolitanos ◽  
Demetra Christopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Time Intervals ◽  
Existence Time ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Account ◽  
Mental Acts ◽  
Comparison Measures

Abstract In this paper we offer a critical account of Aristotelian theory of time. After a brief presentation of the main views of Aristotle on the infinite, we focus the attention to the status of points with respect to the potentiality-actuality distinction. Then we address Aristotle’s views on time on the basis of the Aristotelian notion of continuity. We construe the “nows” as potentialities awaiting to be actualized. We show that it is the intervention of an agent (soul), who, through finitely many unitary mental acts of noticing or perceiving, guarantees the actualization of particular “nows”, constructs or brings into existence time intervals and through their comparison measures them, so producing what Aristotle calls time.

scholarly journals Nature does not play Dice at the Planck scale

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (14) ◽  
pp. 2043012
Author(s):  
Tejinder P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Coarse Graining ◽  
Lagrangian Dynamics ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Spacetime Geometry ◽  
The Status ◽  
Planck Time ◽  
Matter Fields

We start from classical general relativity coupled to matter fields. Each configuration variable and its conjugate momentum, as also spacetime points are raised to the status of matrices [equivalently operators]. These matrices obey a deterministic Lagrangian dynamics at the Planck scale. By coarse-graining this matrix dynamics over time intervals much larger than Planck time, one derives quantum theory as a low energy emergent approximation. If a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom get entangled, spontaneous localisation takes place, leading to the emergence of classical spacetime geometry and a classical universe. In our theory, dark energy is shown to be a large-scale quantum gravitational phenomenon. Quantum indeterminism is not fundamental, but results from our not probing physics at the Planck scale.

The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal History ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
First Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Account ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Practical Level

This second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law provides a wide-ranging and highly diverse survey as well as a critical assessment of comparative law at the beginning of the twenty-first century. In the current era of globalization, this discipline is more relevant than ever, both on an academic and practical level. The book contains forty-eight essays, each of which provides an accessible, original, and critical account of comparative law in its respective area. Each essay also includes a short bibliography referencing the definitive works in the field. The book is divided into three main sections. Section I shows how comparative law has developed and where it stands today in various parts of the world. This includes not only traditional model jurisdictions, such as France, Germany, and the United States, but also other regions like Eastern Europe, East Asia, Latin America, and the Islamic countries. Section II discusses the major approaches to comparative law—its methods, goals, and its relationship with other fields, such as legal history, economics, and linguistics. Finally, Section III deals with the status of comparative studies over a range of subject matter areas, including the major categories of private, economic, public, and criminal law.

scholarly journals Dynamic Reliability Evaluation of Linear Consecutive k-out-of-n0: F System With Multi-State Components

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 01057
Author(s):  
Gökhan GÖKDERE ◽  
Mehmet GÜRCAN
Keyword(s):  
Operating Performance ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Dynamic Reliability ◽  
Reliability Calculation ◽  
The Status

In engineering applications, analyzing a technical system vary according to the operating principles of the system. In some situations, the status of the system is a function of stresses which act on the system and cause degradation. In order to efficiently analysis the reliability of a system which operates under stress, assigning the various states to the components depending on their operating performance is very important. In this paper, we have investigated the linear consecutive k-out-of-n: F system and assigned multiple states to its components. Due to the reason, the operating performance of the components can easily be controlled. Apart from that the reliability of the system depending on the states of its components can be calculated at any time interval. In the numerical example, the states of the components and the reliability calculation of the system at specific time intervals are shown clearly.

Optimization of Process Field Measurement GNSS-RTK for Railway Infrastructure

2016 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 481-484
Author(s):  
Dalibor Bartonek ◽  
Jiří Bures ◽  
Otakar Svabensky
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurement ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Heuristic Methods ◽  
Railroad Track ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Dynamic Data Structure ◽  
Material Wear

The paper describes optimized measurements in field on points of railway control by the GNSS-RTK method. The purpose of measurement is to monitor the status of railroad track geometry. Good geometry extends the life of superstructure, reduces tracks and sleepers material wear during passing of the trains, and thus lowers the overall maintenance demands. In the model each of these points can be represented by node in graph and evaluation of graph edges corresponds to the distance between individual nodes. The task is to measure on every node even one times and to absolve the total route with minimal sum of distance. In fact it is searching of the Hamilton's path in a graph. The situation is complicated because the conditions for GNSS surveying in nodes are suitable only at certain time intervals during the day. Generally the above mentioned is difficult task, which is solved in the practice in many cases by heuristic methods. The authors proposed the optimization method based on Floyd algorithm and dynamic data structure - events list. The optimization of field measurement solves the time demands and brings economic effectiveness.

scholarly journals Hybrid practices meet nation-state language policies: Transcarpathia in the twentieth century and today

Multilingua ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Csernicskó ◽  
Petteri Laihonen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Linguistic Landscape ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Status ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Critical Account ◽  
The One

AbstractFrom the early twentieth century to the present day, Transcarpathia has belonged to several states: the Austrian-Hungarian Monarchy, Czechoslovakia, the Hungarian Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and finally to Ukraine. The status of what counts as a minority and a majority language has changed each time the state affiliation has been changed. Based on the long term research by Csernicskó, and on the one-month fieldwork carried out by Laihonen in 2012, our goal is to provide an autonomous critical account and discourse analysis of the linguistic situation in Transcarpathia. We draw examples especially from the linguistic landscape, which documents the hybrid practices difficult to catch with other means. Different nation states have aimed to evaluate certain languages over others. However, Transcarpathia has been too far away from different national centers and it has therefore remained a periphery. In the everyday life of Transcarpathians, ironies around language repertoires, standardization and heteroglossia come into the fore, especially in the current context. Such unexpected linguistic practices or “pre-nationalist” and “non-purist” ideologies offer a change to see how certain categories, such as language, have remained in their hybrid forms and are still clearly “in the making”.

scholarly journals Effect of Neonicotinoids on Bacterial Symbionts and Insecticide-Resistant Gene in Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Mritunjoy Barman ◽  
Snigdha Samanta ◽  
Himanshu Thakur ◽  
Swati Chakraborty ◽  
Arunava Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Status

The silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a major threat to field and horticultural crops worldwide. Persistent use of insecticides for the management of this pest is a lingering problem. In the present study, the status of sensitivity of B. tabaci to two neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, was evaluated. The expression pattern of two cytochrome P450 (cyp) genes and changes in the relative amount of symbionts in insecticide-treated B. tabaci were also assessed. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) studies indicate that the CYP6CM1 and CYP6CX1 genes were always expressed higher in imidacloprid-treated whitefly, suggesting a correlation between gene expression and the insect’s ability to detoxify toxic compounds such as insecticides. In addition, the thiamethoxam-treated population harbored higher Portiera and lower Rickettsia titers, whereas the imidacloprid-treated population harbored more Rickettsia at different time intervals. Interestingly, we also examined that an increase in exposure to both the insecticides resulted in a reduction in the mutualistic partners from their insect host. These differential responses of endosymbionts to insecticide exposure imply the complex interactions among the symbionts inside the host insect. The results also provide a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of resistance development that might be useful for formulating effective management strategies to control B. tabaci by manipulating symbionts and detoxifying genes.

scholarly journals European Consensus between Strategy and Principle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens T. Theilen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
European Consensus ◽  
European Court ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Account

This study offers a critical account of the reasoning employed by the European Court of Human Rights, particularly its references to European consensus. Based on an in-depth analysis of the Court’s case-law against the backdrop of human rights theory, it will be of interest to both practitioners and theorists. While European consensus is often understood as providing an objective benchmark within the Court’s reasoning, this study argues to the contrary that it forms part of the very structures of argument that render human rights law indeterminate. It suggests that foregrounding consensus and the Court’s legitimacy serves to entrench the status quo and puts forward novel ways of approaching human rights to enable social transformation.

The Foundations of Shakespeare’s Text

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Woudhuysen
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
English Renaissance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Account ◽  
Recent Editorial

This lecture discusses the foundations of Shakespeare's text, starting with a summary of the current views of the texts of his plays and how they should be edited. It then discusses the recent work on the attribution of plays and poems to Shakespeare. The lecture addresses some of the assumptions about the status and significance of English Renaissance play texts and the handling of certain typographic features. It also looks at the considerations of the implications of supposing that Shakespeare revised his own works. A critical account of several recent editorial views of those who advocate ‘unediting’ is also presented.

scholarly journals Simulator for Microlens Planet Surveys

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (S293) ◽  
pp. 416-419
Author(s):  
Sergei I. Ipatov ◽  
Keith Horne ◽  
Khalid A. Alsubai ◽  
Daniel M. Bramich ◽  
Martin Dominik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Light Curves ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Detection Zone ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Planet Detection ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sky Brightness

AbstractWe summarize the status of a computer simulator for microlens planet surveys. The simulator generates synthetic light curves of microlensing events observed with specified networks of telescopes over specified periods of time. Particular attention is paid to models for sky brightness and seeing, calibrated by fitting to data from the OGLE survey and RoboNet observations in 2011. Time intervals during which events are observable are identified by accounting for positions of the Sun and the Moon, and other restrictions on telescope pointing. Simulated observations are then generated for an algorithm that adjusts target priorities in real time with the aim of maximizing planet detection zone area summed over all the available events. The exoplanet detection capability of observations was compared for several telescopes.

The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Comparative Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
First Century ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Critical Account ◽  
And Linguistics

The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Law provides a wide-ranging and highly diverse survey as well as a critical assessment of comparative law at the beginning of the twenty-first century. It summarizes and evaluates a discipline that is time-honoured but not easily understood in all its dimensions. The book contains forty-three articles. The aim of each article is to provide an accessible, original, and critical account of comparative law in its respective area. Each article also includes a short bibliography referencing the definitive works in the field. The book is divided into three main sections. Section I surveys how comparative law has developed and where it stands today in various parts of the world. This includes not only traditional model jurisdictions, such as France, Germany, and the United States, but also other regions like Eastern Europe, East Asia, and Latin America. Section II discusses the major approaches to comparative law — its methods, goals, and its relationship with other fields, such as legal history, economics, and linguistics. Finally, Section III deals with the status of comparative studies in over a dozen subject matter areas, including the major categories of private, economic, public, and criminal law.

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