In Defence of Reason? Friedrich Nietzsche in Thomas Mann’s Nietzsches Philosophie im Lichte unserer Erfahrung and Georg Lukács’ Die Zerstörung der Vernunft

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Brown
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Thomas Mann ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Georg Lukacs ◽  
To Come ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Georg Lukács

Abstract In the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, Thomas Mann and Georg Lukács both sought to come to terms with the multifaceted role of philosophy in the catastrophe of fascism. The figure of Nietzsche is (re-)examined in Mann’s Nietzsches Philosophie im Lichte unserer Erfahrung (1947) and Lukács’ Die Zerstörung der Vernunft (1954). It is generally recognised that Mann’s lecture helped to shape the post-war Nietzsche reception in the West as much as Lukács’ treatise did in the East. In contrast, I argue that Mann’s and Lukács’s contributions have more in common than is generally acknowledged and, given Mann’s esteem in the field of Nietzsche studies, that these similarities call into question the general repudiation of Lukács’ Nietzsche-Bild. After sketching the phenomenon of partisanship in the reception of Nietzsche through the lens of Kant’s notion of a ‘Kampfplatz’, some of the key topoi of Lukács’ work are identified, highlighting the aforementioned similarities in content and methodology as well as the contrasts with Western academic approaches.

Squatting: The Fight for Decent Shelter, 1970s–1980s

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
John Marsland
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Housing Policies ◽  
The West ◽  
The World ◽  
Housing Needs ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

During the twenty years after the Second World War, housing began to be seen as a basic right among many in the west, and the British welfare state included many policies and provisions to provide decent shelter for its citizens. This article focuses on the period circa 1968–85, because this was a time in England when the lack of affordable, secure-tenured housing reached a crisis level at the same time that central and local governmental housing policies received wider scrutiny for their ineffectiveness. My argument is that despite post-war laws and rhetoric, many Britons lived through a housing disaster and for many the most rational way they could solve their housing needs was to exploit loopholes in the law (as well as to break them out right). While the main focus of the article is on young British squatters, there is scope for transnational comparison. Squatters in other parts of the world looked to their example to address the housing needs in their own countries, especially as privatization of public services spread globally in the 1980s and 1990s. Dutch, Spanish, German and American squatters were involved in a symbiotic exchange of ideas and sometimes people with the British squatters and each other, and practices and rhetoric from one place were quickly adopted or rejected based on the success or failure in each place.

Post-War Reconstruction

2000 ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
Peter N. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Freight Rates ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Trade Market

This chapter describes the reconstruction of Elder Dempster’s company structure and development after the Second World War. It states the company’s losses in terms of vessels and staff, and assesses the changes made in management and head office accommodation in order to allow Elder Dempster to meet the level of success it had achieved in the early 20th Century. The chapter also addresses the changing composition of the West African trade after the war, which included alterations in the determination of freight rates; the extension of the West African Lines Conference; and the intrusion of Scandinavian lines into the West African trade market. The chapter concludes with Elder Dempster’s purchase of the British and Burmese Steam Navigation Company Limited.

From Reconstruction to ‘Leisure Society’: Free Time, Recreational Behaviour and the Discourse on Leisure Time in the West German Recovery Society of the 1950s

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Schildt
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
German Society ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Economic Expert ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Second World

Little more than a decade after having lost the Second World War, the society of the western part of Germany, the Federal Republic, had changed fundamentally in the eye of the observer. The economic expert Henry C. Wallich was not the only one to speak of the ‘German miracle’. Not only had the previously achieved industrial standards long been regained and surpassed, but also a boom had set in – as in all of Western Europe – which came to an end only in the 1970s. Simultaneously, both economy and society had been modernised in the process of reconstruction. The transition to a new stage of modernity, ‘society in affluence’, was discussed animatedly. The emergence of new leisure lifestyles in particular was considered a mark of present times. However, in current reviews it is often forgotten that the West German society of the 1950s was to a far greater extent determined by continuity with the interwar period and by the consequences of the war and post-war years than a first glance at the spectacular novelties suggests.

‘Putting Animals into Politics’: The Labour Party and Hunting in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

Rural History ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL TICHELAR
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This article will discuss the background to opposition to hunting within the Labour Party before the Second World War, and in particular the role of the Humanitarian League and its successor the League Against Cruel Sports. It will highlight internal tensions of class and ideology that are still current today. It will examine the fate of two private members bills introduced in 1949 designed to prohibit hunting and coursing. Both bills were heavily defeated after the intervention of the Labour Government. This article will examine the reasons the post-war Labour Government used to oppose the bills before drawing some general conclusions about the Labour movement and blood sports. It will be argued that the primary reason why the bills were defeated was the strong desire of the Government to preserve its relationship with the farmers and the wider rural community.

Conclusion

1999 ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
Diane Frost
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The Kru communities of Freetown and Liverpool emerged in response to, and as a consequence of, British maritime interests. Kru were actively encouraged to leave their Liberian homeland and migrate to Freetown, where they came to constitute an important part of its maritime trade. The Kru formed a significant nucleus of Freetown’s seafarers, as well as the majority of ships’ labourers or ‘Krooboys’ that were recruited to work the West African coast. The occupational niche that the Kru eventually came to occupy in Britain’s colonial trade with West Africa had important social repercussions. The Kru were labelled as unusually competent maritime workers by shipowners and colonial administrators, and the Kru encouraged this label for obvious expedient reasons. The gradual build-up of the Kru’s dominance in shipping during the nineteenth century and until the Second World War contrasts sharply with their position in the post-war period. The breaking down of their occupational niche due to circumstances beyond their control had direct social consequences on the nature of their community. Whilst many Kru clubs and societies depended on seafaring for their very existence, the demise of shipping undermined such societies’ ability to survive in the face of increasing unemployment and poverty....

Soviet-German Military and Economic Supplies in 1939–1941 and the Motives of the Soviet Leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Aleksander Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
General Technical

The article examines the Soviet-German economic and military cooperation in 1939–1941 and the motives behind the position adopted by the Soviet leadership at that time. The author believes that the Soviet leaders' choice of military supplies was determined by both the experience of the war in Spain and their ideas about the potential theatre of military operations in Eastern Europe. The defeat of France, the territorial changes of 1940, and the growing threat of a military clash with Germany were among significant influences on the adjustment of the Soviet position. The Soviet leadership's ideas about the beginning of the war turned out to be largely erroneous, which led to a different contribution of German military supplies to the Soviet victory. The role of the Navy in the coming war was overestimated. A bid to overcome the technical backlog of Soviet aviation, demonstrated during the war in Spain, was successful. The role of tanks was underestimated. The author traces the course of negotiations on supplies and demonstrates the role of Soviet intelligence in reaching an agreement. Germany invested in the current needs of the population's consumption and supplying industry, primarily military. The USSR invested mainly in the future, which in the conditions of the Second World War, the Soviet leadership linked to the development of weapons production. German supplies played a role in the further general technical modernization of Soviet industry, which was a valuable contribution to the victory and contributed to the post-war development of Soviet industry.

Natural mothers: teaching morals and parent-craft in Italy, 1945–60

Modern Italy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Bernini
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
World War ◽  
Natural Childbirth ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

SummaryAt the end of the Second World War, politicians and social observers apprehensively considered the condition of the family and its destiny and role in post-war Italy. As well as informing political discourses and sociological examinations, the family became a privileged terrain for medical and psychological enquiry, with particular attention given to parenthood and the maternal role of women. The article explores the role played by religious and medical authorities in shaping narratives of parental responsibilities during the post-war years. The interplay of biology and morality in medical discourse and Catholic teaching is discussed in the context of debates about motherhood and the management of childbirth. Particular attention is given to discussions about the use of pain relief in labour and the reception by Italian Catholic gynaecologists of the so-called ‘natural childbirth method’, advocated during the post-war period by a number of European and American practitioners.

scholarly journals Retribution against Collaborators of the Occupiers after the End of the Second World War: The Concept of "National Honour"

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2021) (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Čoh Kladnik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Personal Interests

Courts of national honour were established in some European countries after the end of the Second World War. These were special courts which assisted in the process of "cleansing" or the process of post-war retribution against collaborators of the occupiers. Such courts were known in the Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia and all Yugoslav nations. The author presents the criminal procedures for acts against national honour in Czechoslovakia, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia, where the sentences caused long-term consequences. The courts of national honour assumed the role of revolutionary courts and through their operation contributed to the final seizure and consolidation of the Communist Party's power. They participated in the process of changing the socio-economic structure of the state. Trials before the courts were rapid and short. The charges were often a consequence of revenge or the personal interests of complainants. Trials before the courts of national honour violated one of the fundamental legal principles – nullum crimen sine lege: acts (the collaboration with the occupier) tried by the courts of national honour were not considered crimes at the time that they were committed.

About guilters and winners in the Second World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-36
Author(s):  
L. Grishaeva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Second World

The author writes about the inadmissibility of revising the main results of the Second World War, the consequences of which are acutely felt in the 21st century. About the role of the USSR in the Victory in World War II and the desire of the West to belittle it. About attempts to lay the main blame for the outbreak of war on the USSR along with Nazi Germany. On the responsibility of Western and «small» countries for the «pacification» of the aggressor. Why is this happening, who is responsible for starting the Second World War, what are the results of the war and what are their consequences — this article is devoted to the consideration of these fundamentally important issues.

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