scholarly journals High-efficiency method for recycling lithium from spent LiFePO4 cathode

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1586-1593
Author(s):  
Tingting Yan ◽  
Shengwen Zhong ◽  
Miaomiao Zhou ◽  
Xiaoming Guo ◽  
Jingwei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Moisture Analysis ◽  
Lifepo4 Cathode ◽  
Solid Liquid

Abstract The extraction of Li from the spent LiFePO4 cathode is enhanced by the selective removal using interactions between HCl and NaClO to dissolve the Li+ ion while Fe and P are retained in the structure. Several parameters, including the effects of dosage and drop acceleration of HCl and NaClO, reaction time, reaction temperature, and solid–liquid ratio on lithium leaching, were tested. The Total yields of lithium can achieve 97% after extraction process that lithium is extracted from the precipitated mother liquor, using an appropriate extraction agent that is a mixture of P507 and TBP and NF. The method also significantly reduced the use of acid and alkali, and the economic benefit of recycling is improved. Changes in composition, morphology, and structure of the material in the dissolution process are characterized by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution instrument, and moisture analysis.

scholarly journals P2O5-Free Cerium Containing Glasses: Bioactivity and Cytocompatibility Evaluation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3267
Author(s):  
Gigliola Lusvardi ◽  
Francesca Sgarbi Stabellini ◽  
Roberta Salvatori
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Doped Glasses ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sbf Solution ◽  
Xrd Techniques

(1) Background: valuation of the bioactivity and cytocompatibility of P2O5-free and CeO2 doped glasses. (2) Methods: all glasses are based on the Kokubo (K) composition and prepared by a melting method. Doped glassed, K1.2, K3.6 and K5.3 contain 1.2, 3.6, and 5.3 mol% of CeO2. Bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests were carried out in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution and murine osteocyte (MLO-Y4) cell lines, respectively. Leaching of ions concentration in SBF was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The surface of the glasses were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. (3) Results: P2O5-free cerium doped glasses are proactive according to European directives. Cerium increases durability and retards, but does not inhibit, (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) formation at higher cerium amounts (K3.6 and K5.3); however, cell proliferation increases with the amount of cerium especially evident for K5.3. (4) Conclusions: These results enforce the use of P2O5-free cerium doped bioactive glasses as a new class of biomaterials.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Na-P1 (GIS) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Novembre ◽  
Domingo Gimeno ◽  
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled

Abstract This work focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of Na-P1 zeolite by using a kaolinite rock coming from Romana (Sassari, Italy). The kaolin is calcined at a temperature of 650 °C and then mixed with calculated quantities of NaOH. The synthesis runs are carried out at ambient pressure and at variable temperatures of 65 ° and 100 °C. For the first time compared to the past, the Na-P1 zeolite is synthesized without the use of additives and through a protocol that reduces both temperatures and synthesis times. The synthesis products are analysed by X-ray diffraction, high temperature X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The cell parameters are calculated using the Rietveld method. Density and specific surface area are also calculated. The absence of amorphous phases and impurities in synthetic powders is verified through quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods.The results make the experimental protocol very promising for an industrial transfer.

scholarly journals An Analytical Survey of Trace Heavy Elements in Insecticides

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Maha Abdallah Alnuwaiser
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Pesticide Formulations ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Iron Chromium

There are many types of insecticides traded in the local and international markets, which vary depending on the type of target insect (e.g., whether crawling or flying). This paper aimed to assess the concentration of trace elements present in the various pesticide formulations (solid, liquid, and gaseous). This study was conducted in two groups: the first group was comprised of zinc, copper, iron, chromium, phosphorus, selenium, and cobalt; the second group included four heavy toxic elements (arsenic, thallium, lead, and mercury). These elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

scholarly journals Use of Magnetic Folate-Dextran-Retinoic Acid Micelles for Dual Targeting of Doxorubicin in Breast Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Varshosaz ◽  
H. Sadeghi-aliabadi ◽  
S. Ghasemi ◽  
B. Behdadfar
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Transmission Electron

Amphiphilic copolymer of folate-conjugated dextran/retinoic acid (FA/DEX-RA) was self-assembled into micelles by direct dissolution method. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with oleic acid (OA) were prepared by hydrothermal method and encapsulated within the micelles. Doxorubicin HCl was loaded in the magnetic micelles. The characteristics of the magnetic micelles were determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The crystalline state of OA-coated MNPs and their heat capacity were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods, respectively. The iron content of magnetic micelles was determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used to test the protein binding of magnetic micelles. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin loaded magnetic micelles was studied on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 cells using MTT assay and their quantitative cellular uptake by fluorimetry method. TEM results showed the MNPs in the hydrophobic core of the micelles. TGA results confirmed the presence of OA and FA/DEX-RA copolymer on the surface of MNPs and micelles, respectively. The magnetic micelles showed no significant protein bonding and reduced the IC50of the drug to about 10 times lower than the free drug.

Treatment of Phenol Wastewater by Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation over Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 962-965
Author(s):  
Shu Xiang Lu ◽  
Ming Hui Lu ◽  
Lu Lu Gao ◽  
Dong Mei Mo
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Wet Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation

Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by the method of wet impregnation and were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), N2 adsorption and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), respectively. The activity of Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of phenol was tested. The effects of the initial pH of the phenolic aqueous solutions and the iron content of Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3 on phenol degradation have been studied. The results indicated that almost total removal of phenol and considerably high reduction of COD for the initial phenol concentration of 100-1000 mg/L were achieved under mild conditions. The leached iron from the catalyst was negligible.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of Na-P1 (GIS) zeolite using a kaolinitic rock

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Novembre ◽  
Domingo Gimeno ◽  
Alessandro Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Inductively Coupled

AbstractThis work focuses on the hydrothermal synthesis of Na-P1 zeolite by using a kaolinite rock coming from Romana (Sassari, Italy). The kaolin is calcined at a temperature of 650 °C and then mixed with calculated quantities of NaOH. The synthesis runs are carried out at ambient pressure and at variable temperatures of 65 and 100 °C. For the first time compared to the past, the Na-P1 zeolite is synthesized without the use of additives and through a protocol that reduces both temperatures and synthesis times. The synthesis products are analysed by X-ray diffraction, high temperature X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The cell parameters are calculated using the Rietveld method. Density and specific surface area are also calculated. The absence of amorphous phases and impurities in synthetic powders is verified through quantitative phase analysis using the combined Rietveld and reference intensity ratio methods. The results make the experimental protocol very promising for an industrial transfer.

scholarly journals Determination of Fe2+/Fe3+ mole ratio based on the change of precursor lattice parameters of wustite based iron catalysts for the ammonia synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Artur Jurkowski ◽  
Zofia Lendzion-Bieluń
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Iron Catalyst ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Iron Catalysts ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

Abstract In the presented article, oxide forms of iron catalysts with the wustite structure and with a R = Fe2+/Fe3+ molar ratio in the range from 3.78 to 8.16 were investigated. The chemical composition of the tested catalyst precursors was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to determine the phase composition and location of reflections characteristic of the Fe1−xO phase. The molar ratio of iron ions R = Fe2+/Fe3+ was determined by manganometric titration. The distribution of promoters in the structure of iron catalyst precursors with different R = Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio was determined by a selective etching method. The dependence of the lattice parameter ao value in the crystal structure Fe1−xO on the molar ratio R = Fe2+/Fe3+ was determined. On the basis of the determined dependence, R can easily be calculated in catalyst precursors of the wustite structure.

scholarly journals Extraction of Al from Coarse Al–Si Alloy by The Selective Liquation Method

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3680
Author(s):  
Bo Li ◽  
Yaowu Wang ◽  
Bingliang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Fe Intermetallics

A selective liquation process to extract Al from a coarse Al–Si alloy, produced by carbothermal reduction, was investigated on the laboratory scale. The products obtained by selective liquation–vacuum distillation were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. During the selective liquation process with the use of zinc as the solvent, the pure aluminum in the coarse Al–Si alloy dissolved in the zinc melt to form an α-solid solution with zinc, and most of the silicon and iron-rich phases and Al–Si–Fe intermetallics precipitated and grew into massive grains that entered into the slag and separated with the Zn–Al alloy melt. However, some fine silicon particles remained in the Zn–Al alloy. Thus, Al–Si alloys conforming to industrial application standards were obtained when the Zn–Al alloys were separated by a distillation process.

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