Mixing of brine waste in Puck Bay (the south Baltic Sea) in the light of in-situ measurements

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Robakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Puck Bay

AbstractIn the north-eastern part of Poland, the underground gas stores are being constructed by diluting salt deposits. Brine, a by-product of the technology applied, is discharged into the coastal waters of the south Baltic Sea by a system of diffusers. To assess the intensity of brine mixing in the near-field of the discharge installation, a monitoring program was carried out. The results demonstrated that under the mildly dynamic conditions of Puck Bay, the discharge of brine (saturation 250 kg m

scholarly journals Spreading of brine in the Puck Bay in view of in-situ measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 00029
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Robakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Puck Bay

Since autumn of 2010 in the north-eastern part of Poland underground gas stores are under construction by diluting salt deposits. A by-product of the technology applied is brine, which is discharged into the coastal waters of the Puck Bay (south Baltic Sea). In the pre-investment study a theoretical analysis of the mixing conditions in the near-field and far-field of the proposed installation was conducted. An extensive monitoring programme carried out since 2010 shows a good mixing of brine with the surrounding waters. Excess salinity due to the continuous discharge of brine estimated using data measured in situ is generally lower than permitted, i.e. not exceeding 0.5 psu in the near-field of installation.

scholarly journals SPREADING OF BRINE DISCHARGED INTO THE PUCK BAY (SOUTH BALTIC SEA): THEORETICAL STUDY VERSUS FIELD OBSERVATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Robakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Regional Administration ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Shallow Water Body ◽  
Wind Driven Currents ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Puck Bay

Increasing demands for gas storage capacity encouraged Polish Gas and Oil Company (PGNiG) to make use of salt deposits located in the north-eastern part of Poland, in the area bordering on the Gulf of Gdańsk (South Baltic Sea), and create underground gas stores. A complex of 10 chambers (250x106 m3) was designed to be built at a depth of 800-1600 m. The construction site is located about 4 km away from the sea coast. The drilling of boreholes and diluting of salt rock was proposed as a method of creating the chambers. Owing to ecological reasons, maximum discharge of brine is limited to 300 m3/h with the max. saturation of 250 kg/m3. The Puck Bay is a shallow water body with wind-driven currents and negligible tides. The main difficulty of the investment lay in the effective spreading of brine in the Puck Bay in accordance with all requirements that apply to regions protected by NATURA 2000. The most important restriction was the permitted excess salinity, defined as 0.5 PSU over the natural salinity in the Puck Bay. The location of brine discharge, number and diameters of nozzles, as well as consequences of brine discharge on the Puck Bay water, had been analyzed before the permission to install the system of diffusers was granted by the regional administration. The installation consists of a system of 16 heads spaced every 45 m, each of them equipped with 3 nozzles of 8 mm diameter.

scholarly journals XI. An Account of Observations, made by Lord Webb Seymour and Professor Playfair, upon some Geological Appearances in Glen Tilt, and the adjacent Country

1815 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Webb Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Peat Moss ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Principal Branch ◽  
Adjacent Country ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Character ◽  
North Eastern Part

1. The river Tilt is a principal branch of the Tay, which rises on the borders of Aberdeenshire, and runs towards the south-west, through the north-eastern part of the county of Perth. A portion of the valley along its course, for about ten miles above Blair of Atholl, is called Glen Tilt.The adjacent country presents the common character of the Highlands. It is mountainous and rugged, and the surface, except in the lower parts of the valleys, is chiefly covered with heath. Peat-moss frequently occurs.

scholarly journals Die geographische und familiäre Herkunft der Ordensgebietiger Konrad von Kyburg und Rudolf von Kyburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 253-283
Author(s):  
Piotr Gotowko
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
High Rank ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Poor ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern Part

The geographical and familial origins of the Teutonic Order’s officials Konrad von Kyburg and Rudolf von Kyburg   The researchers of the Teutonic Order have placed the brethren Konrad (before 1336 – 12. April 1402) and Rudolf (before 1337–1404) von Kyburg in the north-eastern part of present-day Switzerland – either in the castle of Kyburg near Winterthur in the eastern Canton of Zurich, or in the Canton of Turgovia, lying in the East of Canton Zurich and to the South of Lake Bodensee. Their family lost those areas by 1265, after a sudden death of Hartmann V von Kyburg (1263) and the childless death of his uncle, Hartmann IV (1264). The only successor, the minor daughter of Hartmann V, Anna von Kyburg, was not able to keep her inheritance, which was quickly taken by her nephew Rudolf IV von Habsburg, latter known as German King Rudolf I. He arranged a marriage between Anna and his relative, Eberhard von Habsburg-Laufenburg, leaving them only Burgdorf and Thun in the nowadays Canton Berne. Their son, Hartmann, had taken the name of the maternal dynasty, calling himself since 1297 Hartmann I von Kyburg. His son, Eberhard II  von Kyburg, succeeded him. He was the father of eleven children with Konrad von Kyburg and Rudolf von Kyburg among them. Despite their name, they came from Burgdorf and had joined the Teutonic Order because the poor parents could not guarantee them a subsistence. The carreer of Konrad von Kyburg started in the late 1380s. In 1392 he was promoted to the Comtur of Balga and from 1396–1402 had even reached the high rank of the Great Hospitaller. The carrier of his younger brother, Rudolf, was less impressive for he became 1391–1402 the Comtur of Rehden.

scholarly journals Defensive Structures of Severynivka Hillfort (Excavations of 2009 and 2012-2013)

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-90
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shelekhan ◽  
Oksana Lifantii ◽  
Yuriy Boltryk ◽  
Marcin Ignaczak
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
North Eastern Part

Abstract The article focuses on the research results of Severynivka hillfort fortifications. In 2009 a rampart and a moat on a cliff on the south floor-level side. In 2012-2013 there was made a rampart and escarp sections in the north-eastern part of the fortification. Separate stages of its construction are distinguished; the possible reconstruction of the defensive structures is suggested.

scholarly journals The North or the South? Early medieval ceramics decorated with a zoned ornament – the result of local changes or interregional contacts?

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-454
Author(s):  
Justyna Kolenda ◽  
Kinga Zamelska-Monczak
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Native Communities ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Lower Silesia ◽  
South Bohemia

The article underlines the need to re-discuss the prevailing views in archaeological literature on the provenance and transformation stages of completely wheel-turned ceramics decorated with zoned ornament. This class of ceramics was used in the Early Middle Ages (for about 100 years) by communities living in the area of southern Greater Poland and the north-eastern part of Lower Silesia. The previous ideas suggesting a close relationship between zoned ceramics and vessels produced in northern Bohemia are reconsidered, with the internal diversity of zoned ceramics being pointed out. We argue that inspiration in ceramics manufacturing came not only from the south (Bohemia), but also from the north (Pomerania) and the west (the middle Elbe region), and that there were also changes that appeared independently of these impulses in the ceramics production of small, native communities.

The influence of submesoscale eddies on hydrochemical parameters and structural and functional characteristics of phytoplankton in the north-eastern part of the Black Sea

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-40
Author(s):  
Sergey B. Kuklev ◽  
Vladimir A. Silkin ◽  
Valeriy K. Chasovnikov ◽  
Andrey G. Zatsepin ◽  
Larisa A. Pautova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticyclonic Eddy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Hydrochemical Parameters ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Seasonal Thermocline ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City ◽  
North Eastern Part

On June 7, 2018, a sub-mesoscale anticyclonic eddy induced by the wind (north-east) was registered on the shelf in the area of the city of Gelendzhik. With the help of field multidisciplinary expedition ship surveys, it was shown that this eddy exists in the layer above the seasonal thermocline. At the periphery of the eddy weak variability of hydrochemical parameters and quantitative indicators of phytoplankton were recorded. The result of the formation of such eddy structure was a shift in the structure of phytoplankton – the annual observed coccolithophores bloom was not registered.

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