Eneolitický kostrový pohřební ritus na Moravě ve světle radiokarbonového datování / The Eneolithic inhumation burial rite in Moravia in light of radiocarbon dating

The article addresses the chronology of Eneolithic inhumation burials in Moravia based on radiocarbon dating. A total of 17 individuals were dated using 20 radiocarbon dates, primarily individuals without grave goods or individuals from problematic contexts. The study mainly covers the period of the Early Eneolithic, to a lesser extent the Middle and Late Eneolithic. The find contexts and anthropological assessments are newly published for most of the burials in question. Based on the chronological analysis of graves dated by radiocarbon dating, it is possible to approximately define the time dispersion of individual burial methods in Moravia. Flat graves with individuals in a stretched position without grave goods can be most reliably dated to about 3800–3600 BC.

Sklářský výrobní okruh z 2. poloviny 13. století u Jilmové v Krušných horách Přínos analytických metod pro poznání technologie výroby středověkého skla v Čechách / The glass production area near Jilmová in the Ore Mountains from the second half of the 13th century The contribution of analytical methods for studying glass production technology in medieval Bohemia

The study contains the latest knowledge concerning glass production at the beginning of the High Middle Ages in one of the oldest glass production areas in the Ore Mountains consisting of three glassworks located in the upper reaches of the mountains. The work presents archaeological sources obtained in excavations at the Jilmová I, II and III sites, with attention being focused on finds specific to glass production centres, i.e., mainly fragments of technical ceramics – melting pots, crucibles and the waste accompanying various stages of glass production. The classic typological­morphological analysis is accompanied by a detailed archaeometric analysis. The results of spectrometric analyses (XRF, XRD, SEM–EDS and LA–ICP–MS) expand the informative value of archaeological finds and help refine existing knowledge of glass production technology in the second half of the 13th century.

Nové publikace / New publications

Recenzované publikace / Reviewed publications Laura Coltofean-Arizancu – Bisserka Gaydarska – Uroš Matić (eds.): Gender stereotypes in archaeology: a short reflection in image and text. (rec. J. Kolář) Jiří Škabrada a kol.: Lidová architektura v jižních Čechách. (rec. J. Kypta) Ladislav Čapek – Rudolf Procházka – Lenka Sedláčková (eds.): Trojí život středověké keramiky. Katalog k výstavě. (rec. J. Unger) Rudolf Procházka – Adéla Balcárková – Miriam Nývltová Fišáková – Antonín Přichystal: Přerov, Horní náměstí č.p. 19, 20. Otázky prostorového vývoje lokality a možnosti poznání socioekonomického profilu jejích obyvatel v 9.–12. století. (rec. J. Unger) Jakub Sawicki: Dress Accessories from Prague, c. 1200 – c. 1800. (rec. J. Kypta)

Hradiště u Mařína (okr. Svitavy) a jeho širší zázemí ve světle kovových artefaktů z 6.–10. století / Hillfort near Mařín (East Bohemia) and its broad hinterland in light of metal artefacts from the 6th to 10th century AD

The article evaluates the results of systematic metal detector surveys from the borderland between east Bohemia and northwest Moravia over the past fifteen years, supplemented with a geophysical survey of early medieval hillfort near Mařín (Svitavy district). The conducted surveys have produced imports of Byzantine and Carolingian origin (strap ends, loops, spear tip) from the 7th to 9th century, with cast ornaments of the Late Avar type from the 8th century occurring in the greatest numbers. The spatial distribution of early medieval artefacts outside the traditional settlement territory shows ties to defunct roads preserved in the form of sunken lanes.

The North or the South? Early medieval ceramics decorated with a zoned ornament – the result of local changes or interregional contacts?

The article underlines the need to re-discuss the prevailing views in archaeological literature on the provenance and transformation stages of completely wheel-turned ceramics decorated with zoned ornament. This class of ceramics was used in the Early Middle Ages (for about 100 years) by communities living in the area of southern Greater Poland and the north-eastern part of Lower Silesia. The previous ideas suggesting a close relationship between zoned ceramics and vessels produced in northern Bohemia are reconsidered, with the internal diversity of zoned ceramics being pointed out. We argue that inspiration in ceramics manufacturing came not only from the south (Bohemia), but also from the north (Pomerania) and the west (the middle Elbe region), and that there were also changes that appeared independently of these impulses in the ceramics production of small, native communities.

Novověký vojenský tábor jako archeologická lokalita. Výzkum polního ležení v Semonicích u Jaroměře (okr. Náchod) / An Early Modern military camp as an archaeological site. The excavation of the field camp in Jaroměř–Semonice (northeast Bohemia)

The study addresses the archaeological excavation of the military field camp of the Prussian or Austrian army from 1745, 1758 or 1778. Features with a burnt layer, apparently field kitchens, and other features that probably served as dwellings were documented at the site uncovered during the construction of the motorway in northeast Bohemia. The burial of a man was found in the ditch that was part of camp fortifications. The find assemblage is composed primarily of items that can be regarded as waste and lost items.

Nové publikace / New publications

Publication reviews

Koráliky z germánskej rezidencie v Cíferi-Páci (juhozápadné Slovensko) / Beads from the Germanic residence at Cífer-Pác (southwest Slovakia)

When compared with contemporary Germanic settlements, the assemblage of beads from the late antique elite residence at Cífer-Pác (Trnava district) is exceptional not only in the number of individual specimens but also in the variability of forms and materials used. Apart from usual types of glass beads, the assemblage also comprised specimens made from rare materials (marble, carnelian) and materials that appear exotic in the barbarian territory north of the Danube (sea coral, jade). They were identified with the help of natural scientific analyses and gemological methods (Raman spectroscopy). Absorption spectroscopy was used to analyse elements that influence the final glass colour.

Neue und wiederentdeckte Griffzungendolche mit Ringabschluss. Die Verbreitung einer spätbronzezeitlichen Innovation in Mitteleuropa / New and rediscovered tanged daggers with ring-shaped handle tip. The spread of a Late Bronze Age innovation in Central Europe

The paper presents a Late Bronze Age bronze tanged dagger with a ring-shaped handle tip, which was discovered during an excavation in Süttő-Sáncföldek (Hungary) in 2018. The intact object was found inside a large feature of unknown function together with some other bronze items and hundreds of ceramic, stone and bone fragments. The material can be dated to the period of the Late Tumulus and Early Urnfield cultures. Similar daggers from Europe have been collected and their typology has been revisited in the article. They are known mainly from Moravia and the Carpathian Basin. In particular, the innovation of adding a ring at the end of the daggers has been investigated, together with the distribution of other artifacts sharing the same feature. It has been pointed out that although the tanged daggers with ring were produced in separate workshops, they reflect on an intensive cultural interaction between the Eastern Alps, Moravia and the inner territories of the Carpathian Basin during the Br D and Ha A1 periods.

Sídliště a pohřebiště kultury nálevkovitých pohárů v Dambořicích, okr. Hodonín. Příspěvek k poznání pohřebišť s pohřby v natažené poloze / A Funnel Beaker settlement and cemetery in Dambořice, South Moravia. A contribution to knowledge of cemeteries with burials in an extended position

The main subject of the article is evidence of settlement and burial activities from the beginning of the Early Eneolithic from Dambořice belonging to the Funnel Beaker culture. From the perspective of the current chronology, this is the early phase of the Baalberg stage of the Moravian – Lower Austrian group of this particular culture. To date, ten settlement features with a representative assemblage of pottery and six graves with burials in an extended position without grave goods have been investigated. The site is another example of only recently recorded burial customs of a local Funnel Beaker group and, simultaneously, an opportunity to present this phenomenon of the Early Eneolithic in Moravia in a broader context. The article includes an evaluation of anthropological material and a presentation of the radiocarbon dates that were acquired from the bones.