scholarly journals Verification of the accommodative responses in viewing an on-axis analog reflection hologram

Open Physics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Lee ◽  
Philippe Gentet ◽  
Jungho Kim ◽  
Sungjae Ha ◽  
Soonchul Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Visual Discomfort ◽  
Reflection Hologram

Abstract Vergence and accommodation responses of human vision are very important factors when a 3D image is observed, and a vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) causes perceptual distortion, visual discomfort, and fatigue for an observer. Theoretically, a hologram is expected to provide a 3D image without such a conflict. In this article, natural focusing was verified by human accommodation response (A-R) measurement during on-axis analog reflection Denisyuk hologram observation. The A-R of a group of participants were measured for a real marker and its Denisyuk hologram at various visualization distances using an Nvision K5001 autorefractor. The experimental results statistically confirmed the equivalence of the responses to the Denisyuk hologram and its real counterpart, as well as the absence of a VAC.

scholarly journals Data-Hiding Scheme Using Multidirectional Pixel-Value Differencing on Colour Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pyung-Han Kim ◽  
Eun-Jun Yoon ◽  
Kwan-Woo Ryu ◽  
Ki-Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing

Data hiding is a technique that hides the existence of secret data from malicious attackers. In this paper, we propose a new data-hiding scheme using multidirectional pixel-value differencing, which can embed secret data in two directions or three directions on colour images. The cover colour image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks, and the pixels of each block are decomposed into R, G, and B channels. The pixels of each block perform regrouping, and then the minimum pixel value within each block is selected. The secret data can be embedded into two directions or three directions based on the minimum pixel value by using the difference value for the block. The pixel pairs with the embedded secret data are put separately into two stego images for secret data extraction on receiver sides. In the extraction process, the secret data can be extracted using the difference value of the two stego images. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has the highest embedding capacity when the secret data are embedded into three directions. Experimental results also show that the proposed scheme has a high embedding capacity while maintaining the degree of distortion that cannot be perceived by human vision system for two directions.

A Multi-Criteria Image Quality Evaluation Scheme

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2975-2979
Author(s):  
Yen Ching Chang ◽  
Chun Ming Chang ◽  
Liang Hwa Chen ◽  
Tung Jung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Image Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

It is difficult to objectively and quantitatively judge image quality by a single criterion, such as contrast. In general, excessive contrast enhancement easily leads to a loss of image quality. Thus, it easily gives a wrong evaluation to rank image quality according to contrast values. In order to achieve a consistent result with human vision perception, balancing multi-criteria will be a feasible approach. Therefore, we propose a multi-criteria image quality evaluation scheme for ranking seven existing contrast enhancement methods. The scheme applies four criteria to a newly proposed way of computing a grey relational grade (GRGd), called the consistent grey relational grade (CGRGd). Experimental results show that our proposed CGRGd do provides a very effective mechanism to choose the best method for a specific purpose.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling for Ceramic Shape 3D Image Based on Deep Learning Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Lijian Zhang ◽  
Guangfu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Rate Distortion ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Image Modeling ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Image Shape

Ceramic image shape 3D image modeling focuses on of ceramic that was obtained from the camera imaging equipment such as 2D images, by normalization, gray, filtering denoising, wavelet image sharpening edge enhancement, binarization, and shape contour extraction pretreatment processes such as extraction ceramic image shape edge profile, again, according to the image edge extraction and elliptic rotator ceramics phenomenon. The image distortion effect was optimized by self-application, and then the deep learning modeler was used to model the side edge contour. Finally, the 3D ceramic model of the rotating body was restored according to the intersection and central axis of the extracted contour. By studying the existing segmentation methods based on deep learning, the automatic segmentation of target ceramic image and the effect of target edge refinement and optimization are realized. After extracting and separating the target ceramics from the image, we processed the foreground image of the target into a three-dimensional model. In order to reduce the complexity of the model, a 3D contextual sequencing model is adopted to encode the hidden space features along the channel dimensions, to extract the causal correlation between channels. Each module in the compression framework is optimized by a rate-distortion loss function. The experimental results show that the proposed 3D image modeling method has significant advantages in compression performance compared with the optimal 2D 3D image modeling method based on deep learning, and the experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is superior to JP3D and HEVC methods, especially at low bit rate points.

Research on the Relationship between the Depth-Movement of the Stereoscopic HDTV and Visual Comfort

2012 ◽  
Vol 239-240 ◽  
pp. 959-965
Author(s):  
Jia Xi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Visual Effects ◽  
Visual Discomfort ◽  
The Relationship

Visual comfort is an important factor that should be considered in the production of stereoscopic HDTV programs. This paper reports the result of recent researches on the relationship between visual comfort and the depth-movements, and analyses the experimental results in terms of the principle of vergence-accommodation conflict. The analysis result indicates that the depth-movements will cause viewers’ visual discomfort and fatigue, especially when the depth-movement range is large and the speed is fast. The research result is of significance to reach a balance between the realistic stereoscopic visual effects and visual comfort.

Aftereffects of Apparent Motion: The Existence of an AND-Type Binocular System in Human Vision

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noud A W H van Kruysbergen ◽  
Charles M M de Weert
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Type System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Test Conditions

There has been evidence for the existence of a purely binocular system in human vision that acts as an AND gate on information from the two eyes. There also has been evidence for the nonexistence of such a purely binocular system, indicating only the existence of an OR-type binocular system that responds to input from one or both eyes. As a result there are a number of possible explanations for the differing experimental results: the binocular system is an OR-type system only, it is a facilitating OR system that has AND-type characteristics, or it consists of independent OR and AND subsystems. Monocular adaptation, alternating monocular adaptation, or binocular adaptation were used to demonstrate the existence of the different systems, but in none of the previous experiments was the AND-type binocular system activated directly, and the existence of this AND system was deduced mostly because of differences in aftereffect strengths between monocular and binocular test conditions. Experiments are reported in which stimuli that activate the AND-type binocular system explicitly have been used, and the results show that we need the existence of such an AND-type binocular system to account for the results.

A neural response-based model to predict discomfort glare from luminance image

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 416-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Safdar ◽  
M Ronnier Luo ◽  
M Farhan Mughal ◽  
S Kuai ◽  
Y Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Neural Response ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Visual Discomfort ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Discomfort Glare ◽  
Symmetric Patterns

It is well known that one of the problems of the current method for discomfort glare evaluation, called the unified glare rating, is the non-uniform luminance of the glare source. This paper addresses this issue by considering the spatial contrast of luminance as a measure of non-uniformity. An image-based metric is proposed to evaluate discomfort glare by modeling the neural response of human vision. The model takes an absolute luminance image as input and predicts visual discomfort based on the spatial distribution of the luminance of the stimulus and the background. The developed model was tested to predict subjective glare ratings based on an experiment conducted using non-uniform LED sources with symmetric and asymmetric patterns of LEDs, and its performance was compared with the unified glare rating. As expected, the unified glare rating predictions correlated well with the subjective glare evaluations of luminaires with symmetric patterns of LEDs (as they appear less non-uniform) but not for those with asymmetric patterns. Results showed that the developed model, named the Neural Response-based Glare Model, gave similar performance to unified glare rating for symmetric patterns but outperformed UGR for asymmetric patterns of LEDs.

Preliminary observations concerning treatment of visual discomfort and associated perceptual distortion

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold Wilkins ◽  
Robert Milroy ◽  
Ian Nimmo-Smith ◽  
Anne Wright ◽  
Ruth Tyrrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Visual Discomfort

scholarly journals Domino, novel steganography system

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Nadia mohammed Abdulmajeed
Keyword(s):  
Vision System ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Human Vision System ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Primary objective of the proposed system is to achieve higher level of confidentiality in absence of standard encryption techniques which add up to complexity of the stego system. In this system the principle of dominoes is adopted in the way of the selection of the pixel of the image to hide the ciphertext. Where domino stones models are prepared in advance, which are two-dimensional matrices (2*6), and selecting one of them and start the projection of the model on the image and hide the ciphertext in the pixel corresponding to the points in the domino model Experimental results show that the proposed system effectively achieve the objective. Even though the proposed system gives good enhancement to the steganoraphy technique and there is no difference between the cover-image and the stego-image can be seen by the human vision system (HVS), so this method can be considered as a success and can be adopted in the field of steganography.

scholarly journals Personalized Shares in Visual Cryptography

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Karim Hammoudi ◽  
Mahmoud Melkemi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cryptography ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Pictorial Information

This article deals with visual cryptography. It consists of hiding a message in two key images (also called shares). The decryption of the message is obtained through human vision by superposition of the shares. In existing methods, the surface of key images is not visually pleasant and is not exploited for communicating textual or pictorial information. Presently, we propose a pictogram-based visual cryptography technique, which generates shares textured with customizable and aesthetic rendering. Moreover, robustness characteristics of this technique to the automated decoding of the secret message are presented. Experimental results show concrete personalized shares and their applicative potentials for security and creative domains.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document