Aftereffects of Apparent Motion: The Existence of an AND-Type Binocular System in Human Vision

Perception ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noud A W H van Kruysbergen ◽  
Charles M M de Weert
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Motion ◽  
Type System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Test Conditions

There has been evidence for the existence of a purely binocular system in human vision that acts as an AND gate on information from the two eyes. There also has been evidence for the nonexistence of such a purely binocular system, indicating only the existence of an OR-type binocular system that responds to input from one or both eyes. As a result there are a number of possible explanations for the differing experimental results: the binocular system is an OR-type system only, it is a facilitating OR system that has AND-type characteristics, or it consists of independent OR and AND subsystems. Monocular adaptation, alternating monocular adaptation, or binocular adaptation were used to demonstrate the existence of the different systems, but in none of the previous experiments was the AND-type binocular system activated directly, and the existence of this AND system was deduced mostly because of differences in aftereffect strengths between monocular and binocular test conditions. Experiments are reported in which stimuli that activate the AND-type binocular system explicitly have been used, and the results show that we need the existence of such an AND-type binocular system to account for the results.

scholarly journals Data-Hiding Scheme Using Multidirectional Pixel-Value Differencing on Colour Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pyung-Han Kim ◽  
Eun-Jun Yoon ◽  
Kwan-Woo Ryu ◽  
Ki-Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Data Hiding ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Embedding Capacity ◽  
Secret Data ◽  
Colour Image ◽  
Pixel Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pixel Value Differencing

Data hiding is a technique that hides the existence of secret data from malicious attackers. In this paper, we propose a new data-hiding scheme using multidirectional pixel-value differencing, which can embed secret data in two directions or three directions on colour images. The cover colour image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks, and the pixels of each block are decomposed into R, G, and B channels. The pixels of each block perform regrouping, and then the minimum pixel value within each block is selected. The secret data can be embedded into two directions or three directions based on the minimum pixel value by using the difference value for the block. The pixel pairs with the embedded secret data are put separately into two stego images for secret data extraction on receiver sides. In the extraction process, the secret data can be extracted using the difference value of the two stego images. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme has the highest embedding capacity when the secret data are embedded into three directions. Experimental results also show that the proposed scheme has a high embedding capacity while maintaining the degree of distortion that cannot be perceived by human vision system for two directions.

A Multi-Criteria Image Quality Evaluation Scheme

2013 ◽  
Vol 284-287 ◽  
pp. 2975-2979
Author(s):  
Yen Ching Chang ◽  
Chun Ming Chang ◽  
Liang Hwa Chen ◽  
Tung Jung Chan
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Image Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Grey Relational Grade ◽  
Grey Relational

It is difficult to objectively and quantitatively judge image quality by a single criterion, such as contrast. In general, excessive contrast enhancement easily leads to a loss of image quality. Thus, it easily gives a wrong evaluation to rank image quality according to contrast values. In order to achieve a consistent result with human vision perception, balancing multi-criteria will be a feasible approach. Therefore, we propose a multi-criteria image quality evaluation scheme for ranking seven existing contrast enhancement methods. The scheme applies four criteria to a newly proposed way of computing a grey relational grade (GRGd), called the consistent grey relational grade (CGRGd). Experimental results show that our proposed CGRGd do provides a very effective mechanism to choose the best method for a specific purpose.

A Comparison of Experimental Results and Theoretical Predictions for the Rotordynamic Coefficients of Short (L/D = 1/6) Labyrinth Seals

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Pelletti ◽  
Dara W. Childs
Keyword(s):  
Flow Model ◽  
Control Volume ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Labyrinth Seals ◽  
Rotordynamic Coefficients ◽  
Supply Pressure ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Predictions

Abstract Experimental results for the rotordynamic coefficients of short (L/D = 1/6) teeth-on-stator and teeth-on-rotor labyrinth seals are presented. The effects that pressure ratio (fluid density), rotor speed, fluid pre-swirl and seal clearance have on these coefficients are studied. Tests were run out to speeds of 16000 rpm with a supply pressure of 17.3 bar and seal clearances ranging from 0.229–0.419 mm. The experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions of a two control volume compressible flow model. The experimental results show that decreases in pressure ratio and increases in rotor speed are stabilizing while increases in fluid pre-swirl and seal clearance are destabilizing for both seal configurations. The theoretical model correctly predicts the effects of pressure ratio, rotor speed and fluid pre-swirl on the cross-coupled stiffness. It also predicts reasonable values for direct damping for all test conditions. However, the theory incorrectly predicts the effect of seal clearance on these coefficients. Consequently the theoretical predictions are much better for the large clearance seals.

scholarly journals Aem Analyses of SRL 131 Glass Altered as a Function of SA/V

1991 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. Mazer ◽  
John K. Bates ◽  
Bruce M. Biwer ◽  
C. R. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Solution Volume

Experimental studies of silicate glass/water reactions at low temperatures have previously identified the glass surface area-to-solution volume ratio (SA/V) as a significant rate determining parameter [1-4]. The value produced when SA/V is multiplied by reaction time, hereafter referred to as SVT, has been proposed as a scaling factor for comparing experimental results collected under different test conditions and for extrapolating short-term results to longer periods of time. Developing an understanding of the effect of SAN is needed for modeling experimental results where SA/V ranges in value or may vary during experiments. It is also useful to understand the effect of SA/V for modeling natural systems where this value almost certainly varies, such as during the hydrothermal diagenesis of natural glasses or projecting the long-term reaction of water and borosilicate nuclear waste glass in a geologic repository.

scholarly journals Verification of the accommodative responses in viewing an on-axis analog reflection hologram

Open Physics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Seunghyun Lee ◽  
Philippe Gentet ◽  
Jungho Kim ◽  
Sungjae Ha ◽  
Soonchul Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
3D Image ◽  
Perceptual Distortion ◽  
Visual Discomfort ◽  
Reflection Hologram

Abstract Vergence and accommodation responses of human vision are very important factors when a 3D image is observed, and a vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC) causes perceptual distortion, visual discomfort, and fatigue for an observer. Theoretically, a hologram is expected to provide a 3D image without such a conflict. In this article, natural focusing was verified by human accommodation response (A-R) measurement during on-axis analog reflection Denisyuk hologram observation. The A-R of a group of participants were measured for a real marker and its Denisyuk hologram at various visualization distances using an Nvision K5001 autorefractor. The experimental results statistically confirmed the equivalence of the responses to the Denisyuk hologram and its real counterpart, as well as the absence of a VAC.

scholarly journals Domino, novel steganography system

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Nadia mohammed Abdulmajeed
Keyword(s):  
Vision System ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Human Vision System ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stego Image ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
The Way

Primary objective of the proposed system is to achieve higher level of confidentiality in absence of standard encryption techniques which add up to complexity of the stego system. In this system the principle of dominoes is adopted in the way of the selection of the pixel of the image to hide the ciphertext. Where domino stones models are prepared in advance, which are two-dimensional matrices (2*6), and selecting one of them and start the projection of the model on the image and hide the ciphertext in the pixel corresponding to the points in the domino model Experimental results show that the proposed system effectively achieve the objective. Even though the proposed system gives good enhancement to the steganoraphy technique and there is no difference between the cover-image and the stego-image can be seen by the human vision system (HVS), so this method can be considered as a success and can be adopted in the field of steganography.

scholarly journals Typing constraint logic programs

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANÇOIS FAGES ◽  
EMMANUEL COQUERY
Keyword(s):  
Constraint Programming ◽  
Type System ◽  
Type Inference ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Logic Programs ◽  
Type Checking ◽  
Meta Programming ◽  
Execution Model ◽  
Prolog Programs ◽  
Constraint Logic Programs

We present a prescriptive type system with parametric polymorphism and subtyping for constraint logic programs. The aim of this type system is to detect programming errors statically. It introduces a type discipline for constraint logic programs and modules, while maintaining the capabilities of performing the usual coercions between constraint domains, and of typing meta-programming predicates, thanks to the exibility of subtyping. The property of subject reduction expresses the consistency of a prescriptive type system w.r.t. the execution model: if a program is ‘well-typed’, then all derivations starting from a ‘well-typed’ goal are again ‘well-typed’. That property is proved w.r.t. the abstract execution model of constraint programming which proceeds by accumulation of constraints only, and w.r.t. an enriched execution model with type constraints for substitutions. We describe our implementation of the system for type checking and type inference. We report our experimental results on type checking ISO-Prolog, the (constraint) libraries of Sicstus Prolog and other Prolog programs.

scholarly journals Personalized Shares in Visual Cryptography

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Karim Hammoudi ◽  
Mahmoud Melkemi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cryptography ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Human Vision ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Pictorial Information

This article deals with visual cryptography. It consists of hiding a message in two key images (also called shares). The decryption of the message is obtained through human vision by superposition of the shares. In existing methods, the surface of key images is not visually pleasant and is not exploited for communicating textual or pictorial information. Presently, we propose a pictogram-based visual cryptography technique, which generates shares textured with customizable and aesthetic rendering. Moreover, robustness characteristics of this technique to the automated decoding of the secret message are presented. Experimental results show concrete personalized shares and their applicative potentials for security and creative domains.

An Improved Engineering Model of Silicon Solar Cell

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1669-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Ling Liao ◽  
Yan Jie Xu ◽  
Dong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Silicon Solar Cell ◽  
Model Error ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Practical Engineering

An improved engineering model of silicon solar cell is proposed, which uses only four electrical parameters under standard test conditions provided by manufactures. Simulation and experimental results show that the model error was 6 percent below for various combinations of solar radiation and temperature and its accuracy is sufficient for most practical engineering cases.

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