Cellulose-based polymers

Abstract The presented chapter deals with structure, morphology, and properties aspects concerning cellulose-based polymers in both research and industrial production, such as cellulose fibers, cellulose membranes, cellulose nanocrystals, and bacterial cellulose, etc. The idea was to highlight the main cellulose-based polymers and cellulose derivatives, as well as the dissolution technologies in processing cellulose-based products. The structure and properties of cellulose are introduced briefly. The main attention has been paid to swelling and dissolution of cellulose in order to yield various kinds of cellulose derivatives through polymerization. The main mechanisms and methods are also presented. Finally, the environmental friendly and green cellulose-based polymers will be evaluated as one of the multifunctional and smart materials with significant progress.

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The effect of cellulose molecular weight on internal structure and properties of regenerated cellulose fibers as spun from the alkali/urea aqueous system

Polymer ◽

10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123379 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 123379

Author(s):

Kang Xie ◽

Hu Tu ◽

Zhengli Dou ◽

Dingyao Liu ◽

Kai Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Internal Structure ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Aqueous System ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Structure And Properties

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Properties of Flame-Retardant Cellulose Fibers Prepared from Cellulose[Amim]Cl Dope Solution

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.1152 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 1152-1155

Author(s):

Lei Gao ◽

Bo Wen Cheng ◽

Jun Song ◽

Zeng Geng Guo ◽

Fei Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Flame Retardants ◽

Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Fiber Structure ◽

Fiber Degradation ◽

Dope Solution ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

This paper has studied the structure and flame-retardant properties of flame-retardant cellulose fiber with DDPSN as flame retardant. The flame retardants was uniformly dispersed in the cellulose /[Amim]Cl Solution to obtain the good spinnable dope, then the dope was wet-spun. Effects of the flame-retardant contention the fiber structure and properties were investigated. The surface of the flame-retardant cellulose fiber was observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Besides, through the Simultaneous thermal analysis, it has been shown that, with the increase of fame retardant, the degree of fame resistance was obviously improved. The flame retardant acted greatly in condensed phase during the fiber degradation and remained mainly in residues after degradation, the experiments show that the flame-retardant properties of flame-retardant cellulose fiber with 20wt% DDPSN was obvious.

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Photocontrolled multiple-state photochromic benzo[b]phosphole thieno[3,2-b]phosphole-containing alkynylgold(I) complex via selective light irradiation

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-27711-9 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nathan Man-Wai Wu ◽

Maggie Ng ◽

Vivian Wing-Wah Yam

Keyword(s):

Excited States ◽

Smart Materials ◽

Storage Capacity ◽

Optical Memory ◽

Color Changes ◽

Intramolecular Quenching ◽

Environmental Friendly ◽

Multiple State ◽

Complex Features ◽

Photochromic Materials

AbstractPhotochromic materials have drawn growing attention because using light as a stimulus has been regarded as a convenient and environmental-friendly way to control properties of smart materials. While photoresponsive systems that are capable of showing multiple-state photochromism are attractive, the development of materials with such capabilities has remained a challenging task. Here we show that a benzo[b]phosphole thieno[3,2‑b]phosphole-containing alkynylgold(I) complex features multiple photoinduced color changes, in which the gold(I) metal center plays an important role in separating two photoactive units that leads to the suppression of intramolecular quenching processes of the excited states. More importantly, the exclusive photochemical reactivity of the thieno[3,2‑b]phosphole moiety of the gold(I) complex can be initiated upon photoirradiation of visible light. Stepwise photochromism of the gold(I) complex has been made possible, offering an effective strategy for the construction of multiple-state photochromic materials with multiple photocontrolled states to enhance the storage capacity of potential optical memory devices.

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Functional Materials Produced On An Industrial Scale

Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology ◽

10.1515/afit-2015-0012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 19-30

Author(s):

Justyna Barska ◽

Sylwester Kłysz

Keyword(s):

Smart Materials ◽

Industrial Production ◽

Functional Materials ◽

Industrial Scale ◽

Wide Range ◽

Basic Characteristics

AbstractThe article presents a wide range of applications of functional materials and a scale of their current industrial production. These are the materials which have specific characteristics, thanks to which they became virtually indispensable in certain constructional solutions. Their basic characteristics, properties, methods of production and use as smart materials were described.

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Technique for Measuring the Oxygen Index of Fibrous and Powdered Cellulose Derivatives

Journal of Fire Sciences ◽

10.1177/073490418400200307 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 248-254 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brenda J. Trask ◽

John V. Beninate ◽

George L. Drake

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Index ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Cotton Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Derivatives ◽

Flame Resistance ◽

Fiber Density ◽

Powdered Cellulose ◽

Flammability Test ◽

Experimental Treatments ◽

Derivatives Of

A technique to assess the flame resistance of small quantities of fibrous or powdered derivatives of cotton cellulose was developed. The procedure is an adaptation of the oxygen index (OI) fabric flammability test. Cellulose fibers or powders were pressed into 0.5-g discs, 1 1/4 in. in diameter which were used to measure the OI's in the instrument employed for fabric OI determinations. Comparison of OI's of discs and fabrics representing untreated and conven tionally treated FR cottons resulted in a linear relationship; disc OI values were higher due to higher fiber density and lower accessibility of oxygen to the substrate. Among the experimental treatments of cotton cellulose, OI values of fibrous and powdered celluloses were uniformly low with increasing tritylation, peaked and dropped with increasing tosyl concentration and rose with increas ing mesylation. Some derivatives would be considered flame resistant.

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SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF MODEL SYSTEMS, WITH THEIR USE IN STUDYING THE SCHIFF REACTION IN HISTOCHEMISTRY

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/12.7.533 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 533-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. J. HARDONK ◽

P. VAN DUIJN

Keyword(s):

Sulfhydryl Groups ◽

Phosphate Group ◽

Model Systems ◽

Cellulose Derivatives ◽

Amino Groups ◽

Cellulose Films ◽

Reactive Groups ◽

Schiff Reaction ◽

Cellulose Membranes ◽

Covalently Bound

The synthesis of cellulose films containing several reactive groups is described. These films were developed for use as histochemical model systems to study several Schiff-type reactions. The synthesized model systems include cellulose membranes to which amino groups are covalently bound, cellulose membranes containing sulfhydryl groups, and cellulose membranes to which deoxyribonucleotides have been bound by means of their phosphate group. Evidence is given for the structure of these cellulose derivatives.

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Effect of the Hemin Molecular Complexes on the Structure and Properties of the Composite Electrospun Materials Based on Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13224024 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 4024

Author(s):

Polina Tyubaeva ◽

Ivetta Varyan ◽

Anton Lobanov ◽

Anatoly Olkhov ◽

Anatoly Popov

Keyword(s):

Composite Materials ◽

Supramolecular Structure ◽

Molecular Complexes ◽

Fibrous Materials ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Electrospinning Method ◽

The Creation ◽

The One

The creation of innovative fibrous materials based on biodegradable semicrystalline polymers and modifying additives is an urgent scientific problem. In particular, the development of biomedical materials based on molecular complexes and biopolymers with controlled properties is of great interest. The paper suggests an approach to modifying the structure and properties of the composite materials based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) obtained by the electrospinning method using molecular complexes of hemin. The introduction of 1–5 wt. % of hemin has a significant effect on the supramolecular structure, morphology and properties of PHB-based fibers. Changes in the supramolecular structure intensified with the increasing hemin concentration. On the one hand, a decrease in the fraction of the crystalline phase by 8–10% was observed. At the same time, there is a decrease in the density of the amorphous phase by 15–70%. Moreover, the addition of hemin leads to an improvement in the strength characteristics of the material: the elongation at break increased by 1.5 times, and in the tensile strength, it increased by 3 times. The antimicrobial activity of the hemin-containing composite materials against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed. The obtained materials are proposed to be used in the creation of composite systems for regenerative medicine.

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Study on structure and properties of biodegradable PLA/PBAT/organic-modified MMT nanocomposites

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705719890907 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 089270571989090 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hezhi He ◽

Bida Liu ◽

Bin Xue ◽

He Zhang

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Melt Blending ◽

Structure And Properties ◽

Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modified Montmorillonite ◽

Structure Morphology ◽

Reinforcing Effects ◽

Thermal Stability Of

Biodegradable polymer blends were prepared by melt blending poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate) (PBAT), and organic-modified montmorillonite (MMT). The effects of MMT on the structure, morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the blends were thoroughly investigated. The results revealed that MMT was preferable to localize on the interface of PLA and PBAT and esterification reaction took place between organic-modified MMT and PLA/PBAT. MMT enhanced the compatibility of PLA and PBAT, accelerated crystallization, and improved the thermal stability of PLA and PBAT. In addition, MMT illustrated the reinforcing effects on PLA and PBAT in their tensile strength, especially for PBAT.

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