scholarly journals Use of the transpiration method to study polonium evaporation from liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at high temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Gonzalez Prieto ◽  
Alessandro Marino ◽  
Jun Lim ◽  
Kris Rosseel ◽  
Johan Martens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Lead ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Transpiration Method ◽  
Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractQualitative and quantitative understanding of Po volatilization under different conditions is of key importance for safety assessments of lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) based nuclear reactors, spallation targets and accelerator driven systems. In this work we explore the possibilities of the transpiration method in combination with simple models to study the equilibrium and kinetics of Po evaporation from highly diluted solutions in lead-bismuth eutectic between 600 and 1000 ℃ in Ar/5% H

scholarly journals Adsorption of volatile polonium species on metals in various gas atmospheres: Part II – Adsorption of volatile polonium on platinum, silver and palladium

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Jörg Neuhausen ◽  
Ryszard Misiak ◽  
Robert Eichler ◽  
Rugard Dressler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems ◽  
Silver Surfaces

AbstractThis work presents the results obtained from studying the interaction between polonium compounds formed in different atmospheres and platinum, palladium and silver surfaces obtained by thermochromatography. These results are of crucial importance for the design of cover gas filter systems for lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE)-based nuclear facilities such as accelerator driven systems (ADS). The results obtained from studying the interaction of polonium and platinum under inert atmosphere and reducing atmospheres with and without addition of moisture show that polonium is deposited at temperatures between 993 and 1221 K, with adsorption enthalpies ranging from –235 to –291 kJ mol

scholarly journals A Review of the Surface Modifications for Corrosion Mitigation of Steels in Lead and LBE

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Jean-Bernard Vogt ◽  
Ingrid Proriol Serre
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems ◽  
Gen Iv

The review paper starts with the applications of liquid metals and then concentrates on lead and lead–bismuth eutectic used in Gen IV nuclear reactors and accelerator-driven systems. Key points of degradation modes of austenitic stainless steels and ferritic-martensitic steels, candidates for the structural components, are briefly summarized. Corrosion and liquid metal embrittlement are critical issues that must be overcome. Next, the paper focuses on the strong efforts paid to the mitigation of corrosion and reviews the different solutions proposed for the protection of steels in lead and lead–bismuth eutectic. There exist promising solutions based on protection by deposition of protective coatings or protection by “natural” oxidation resulting from optimized chemical composition of the steels. However, the solutions have to be confirmed especially by longer-term experiments and by additional mechanical testing.

Application of the Multipoint Method to the Kinetics of Accelerator-Driven Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ravetto ◽  
M. M. Rostagno ◽  
G. Bianchini ◽  
M. Carta ◽  
A. D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Driven Systems ◽  
Multipoint Method ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Adsorption of volatile polonium and bismuth species on metals in various gas atmospheres: Part I – Adsorption of volatile polonium and bismuth on gold

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Jörg Neuhausen ◽  
Robert Eichler ◽  
Rugard Dressler ◽  
Kim Rijpstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Material ◽  
Gold Surfaces ◽  
Adsorption Enthalpy ◽  
Spallation Target ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Reactor Coolant ◽  
Lead Bismuth Eutectic ◽  
Accelerator Driven Systems

AbstractPolonium isotopes are considered the most hazardous radionuclides produced during the operation of accelerator driven systems (ADS) when lead–bismuth eutectic (LBE) is used as the reactor coolant and as the spallation target material. In this work the use of gold surfaces for capturing polonium from the cover gas of the ADS reactor was studied by thermochromatography. The results show that gaseous monoatomic polonium, formed in dry hydrogen, is adsorbed on gold at 1058 K. Its adsorption enthalpy was calculated as –250±7 kJ mol

Adsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics of CO2 and H2O on Activated Carbon

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong XU ◽  
Jun ZHANG ◽  
Gang LI ◽  
Penny XIAO ◽  
Paul WEBLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Silica Removal from a Paper Mill Effluent by Adsorption on Pseudoboehmite and γ-Al2O3

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2031
Author(s):  
Ruben Miranda ◽  
Isabel Latour ◽  
Angeles Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Paper Mill ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kinetics Studies ◽  
Silica Removal ◽  
Industrial Water Use ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Equilibrium And Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Effluent reuse is a common practice for sustainable industrial water use. Salt removal is usually carried out by a combination of membrane processes with a final reverse osmosis (RO). However, the presence of silica limits the RO efficiency due to its high scaling potential and the difficulty of cleaning the fouled membranes. Silica adsorption has many advantages compared to coagulation and precipitation at high pHs: pH adjustment is not necessary, the conductivity of treated waters is not increased, and there is no sludge generation. Therefore, this study investigates the feasibility of using pseudoboehmite and its calcination product (γ-Al2O3) for silica adsorption from a paper mill effluent. The effect of sorbent dosage, pH, and temperature, including both equilibrium and kinetics studies, were studied. γ-Al2O3 was clearly more efficient than pseudoboehmite, with optimal dosages around 2.5–5 g/L vs. 7.5–15 g/L. The optimum pH is around 8.5–10, which fits well with the initial pH of the effluent. The kinetics of silica adsorption is fast, especially at high dosages and temperatures: 80–90% of the removable silica is removed in 1 h. At these conditions, silica removal is around 75–85% (<50 mg/L SiO2 in the treated water).

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