Platinum organometallic complexes: classification and analysis of crystallographic and structural data for dimeric complexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Melník ◽  
Peter Mikuš ◽  
Clive Edward Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Trigonal Bipyramidal ◽  
Dimeric Complexes ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThis review covers over 260 examples of dimeric organoplatinum complexes. Platinum is predominantly found in the oxidation states +2 and +4, but with some examples of 0, +1, +2.5, +3, and of mixed-valence as well. A number of coordination state geometries are observed, of which the most common is essentially square-planar at Pt(II), a distorted octahedral at Pt(IV), and some examples of trigonal planar and trigonal bipyramidal as well. The most common ligands are methyl (Me), carbonyl and PX3. The shortest Pt-Pt bond distance is 245.1(1) pm. The mean Pt-Pt bond distance increases in the order: 261.1 pm [Pt(2.5)-Pt(2.5)]<261.3 pm [Pt(III)-Pt(III)]<262.4 pm [Pt(I)-Pt(I)]<270.3 pm [Ot(II)-Pt(II)]<277.2 pm [Pt(0)-Pt(0)]<282.6 pm [Pt(II)-Pt(II)]. The Pt…Pt no-bonding distances are: Pt(II)…Pt(II), 3.008–17.959 pm; Pt(IV)…Pt(IV), 327.5–768.0 pm; Pt(II)-Pt(0), 378.6 pm and Pt(II)…Pt(IV), 389 pm. There are several relationships pointed out between the Pt-Pt distances, Pt-X-Pt bridge angles and covalent radii of coordinated atoms. Several examples contain two crystallographically independent molecules within the same crystal, differing mostly by degree of distortion, which are examples of distortion isomerism.

Platinum organometallic complexes: classification and analysis of crystallographic and structural data of tri- and oligomeric complexes

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-279
Author(s):  
Milan Melník ◽  
Peter Mikuš ◽  
Clive E. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Bond Distance ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Coordination Complexes ◽  
Organometallic Complexes ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Structural Isomers ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThis review covers almost 100 organoplatinum complexes: trimers (40 examples), tetramers (40 examples), pentamers (4 examples), hexamers (5 examples), nona- and oligomers (8 examples). Platinum is predominantly found in the oxidation states +2 and +4. A number of coordination geometries are observed, the most common being essentially square planar, especially with Pt(II), and distorted octahedral, especially with Pt(IV). The most common ligands are methyl, carbonyl, PX3 and bis(diphenylphosphine)methane. Relationships between the Pt-Pt distances, Pt-X-Pt bridge angles, Pt-L bond distances and covalent radii of coordinated atoms are discussed. The mean Pt-Pt bond distance elongates in the order of nuclearity: 269.0 pm (trimers)<270.5 pm (tetramers)<271.5 pm (dimers)<278.0 pm (oligomers). A comprehensive brief discussion on over 1600 organoplatinum complexes and over 2500 platinum coordination complexes is given. These complexes prefer to crystallize in monoclinic (53%) and triclinic (27%) crystal classes. About l0% of these 4100 plus complexes exist as isomers. It is observed that these isomers are more often stereoisomers than structural isomers and that distortion isomerism is surprisingly more common than the better known cis-trans isomerism, especially in the chemistry of Pt(II) complexes.

Platinum organometallic compounds: classification and analysis of crystallographic and structural data of monomeric five and higher coordinated

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Melník ◽  
Peter Mikuš ◽  
Clive Eduard Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Organometallic Compounds ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Trans Effect ◽  
Trigonal Bipyramidal ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Coordination Spheres ◽  
Organoplatinum Compounds

AbstractFour hundred and twenty monomeric organoplatinum compounds, in which platinum atoms are five- and higher coordinated, are analyzed. The platinum atoms are found in the oxidation states +2, +3 and +4. The Pt(II) compounds by far prevail. There are wide varieties of the inner coordination spheres about the platinum centers. The Pt(II) compounds are five-coordinated (trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal), six-coordinated (different degrees of distortion), seven-coordinated (pentagonal bipyramidal, piano stool) and sandwiched (PtC10). The Pt(III) compound is square-planar. The Pt(IV) compounds are six- and eight-coordinated. There are several relationships between the Pt-L bond distances, covalent radii of the coordinated atom/ligand, and metallocycles, which are discussed. The trans-effect plays an important role in the inner coordination spheres about the Pt centers, especially on the Pt-L bond distances.

An X-Ray Structure Determination of the Twinned Crystals of Dinitrato-2,2′-dipyridylsilver(II)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Bushnell ◽  
M. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Atom ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Planar Geometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions

The crystal structure of dinitrato-2,2′-dipyridylsilver(II) has been solved and refined to an R-value of 0.070. Four circle diffractometer measurements were obtained from the twinned triclinic crystals. The unit cell dimensions at 22 °C are: a = 697.5 ± 0.2 pm, b = 999.4 ± 0.2 pm, c = 1032.2 ± 0.2 pm, α = 113.46 ± 0.02°, β = 100.71 ± 0.02°, γ = 95.28 ± 0.02°. The space group is [Formula: see text] (No. 2) with two molecules per unit cell. The density is 2.06 ± 0.04 g cm−3 (measured), 2.02 g cm−3 (calculated). The four shortest bond lengths to silver are: Ag—O(1), 214.8 ± 1.5 pm; Ag—O(4), 213.6 ± 1.5 pm; Ag—N(1), 212.4 ± 1.6 pm; Ag—N(2), 220.7 ± 1.6 pm. These four bonds are distorted from square planar geometry with the silver atom lying 19.90 ± 0.17 pm out of the mean plane of the other four atoms. There are also long bonds to the nitrato groups of neighboring molecules: Ag—O(1′), 275.3 ± 1.3 pm; Ag—O(2″), 276.3 ± 1.6 pm. Inclusion of these bonds gives a distorted octahedral silver coordination. Though predominantly unidentate, there is a slight tendency toward bidentate bonding in both nitrato ligands: Ag—O(2), 305.8 ± 1.4 pm; Ag—O(5), 295.0 ± 1.7 pm. O(2) and O(5) approach the convex side of the distorted square planar coordination. The deviation from planarity of the closely bonded square, and angular distortions in the above mentioned octahedral coordination can be rationalized by considering the silver as eight coordinate. The bonds to silver may be grouped 4:2:2 by length or 4:3:1 by angular disposition.

X-RAY ABSORPTION STUDIES OF MIXED-VALENT BI OXIDES WITH PEROVSKITE STRUCTURE

1993 ◽  
Vol 07 (17) ◽  
pp. 1133-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERD BERGHÖFER ◽  
DIRK REINEN ◽  
GHULAM AKHTAR ◽  
JOSEF HORMES
Keyword(s):  
Structural Data ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Additional Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Edge Features ◽  
Semiconducting Compounds ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Perovskite Type

X-ray absorption near edge spectra (XANES) have been measured on the Bi M 5 edge of the semiconducting perovskite-type solid solution Ba 1+x Bi 1−x O 3−δ (−0.43 ≤ x ≤ 0.43) and of superconducting Ba 0.6 K 0.4 BiO 2.93. The results are interpreted on the basis of the mean Bi valence as determined by iodometric analyses. The near edge spectra and the pre-edge features of the semiconducting samples show distinct differences ascribable to separate Bi(III) and Bi(V) oxidation states, in agreement with the structural results, and their relative intensities directly reflect the Bi(V) content. The spectrum of superconducting Ba 0.6 K 0.4 BiO 2.93 is comparable to the spectra of the semiconducting compounds with a similar Bi oxidation state, with an additional absorption about 20 eV beyond the absorption edge, however. Structural data are also presented.

scholarly journals Crystallographic and structural characterization of heterometalic platinum complexes Part X. Heteropolynuclear pt complexes

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Melník ◽  
Peter Mikuš ◽  
Clive E. Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Platinum Complexes ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThis review covers heteropolynuclear platinum complexes. There are over sixty examples with heterometal atoms as partners including non- transition metals, K, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, Tl, Sn, Pb, Zn, Cd, and transition metals: Cu, Ag, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh and Pd. In addition, there are examples for the lanthanides, Eu and Yb. The most common are Ag (x16) and K (x14). The predominant geometries for Pt(II) is square-planar and for Pt(IV) is octahedral. The overall structures are complex. In spite of the wide variety of heterometal atoms partners of platinum, there is “real” Pt-M bonds only with silver, ranging from 2.678 to 2.943(I) Å (ave 2.855 Å). The mean Pt-Pt bond distance is 2.869 Å.

scholarly journals Crystallographic and structural characterisation of heterometallic platinum compounds: Part I. Heterobinuclear Pt compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Holloway ◽  
Milan Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Coordination Polyhedra ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Metal Bond ◽  
Trigonal Bipyramidal ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Trigonal Prismatic

AbstractThis review covers almost 290 heterobinuclear Pt derivatives. When the heterometals (M) are non transition and the binuclear are found both with and without a metal to metal bond. Where M is a transition metal or actinide, only those with a metal-metal bond have been included here. There are thirteen non-transition metals (Sn, Hg, Ge, Sb, Tl, Zn, Pb, Cd, Na, K, Ga, Ca and In). The shortest Pt-M bond distance is 235.2(1) (Pt-Ge). There are eighteen transition metals (Fe, W, Rh, Re, Pd, Ag, Ir, Mo, Mn, Re, Co, Cu, Cr, Au, Ni, Ti, Ta and V). The shortest Pt-M bond distance is 249.5(2) pm (Pt-Cr). There is one example of an actinide, Pt-Th at 298.4(1) pm. The Pt atom has oxidation numbers 0, +2 and +4. The Pt coordination geometries include square planar (most common), trigonal bipyramidal, pseudo octahedral (Pt(IV)) and a few prevalently capped trigonal prismatic seven coordinate species. There are at least two types of isomerism distortion and polymerisation. Factors affecting bond lengths and angles are discussed and some ambiguities in coordination polyhedra are outlined.

A one-dimensional chloride-bridged PtII/PtIVmixed-valence complex with a 4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate counter-ion

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Matsushita ◽  
Ayako Taira
Keyword(s):  
Valence State ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Linear Chain ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Structural Parameter ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Square Planar ◽  
Cl Atoms ◽  
Linear Chain Structure

The title compound,catena-poly[[[bis(ethylenediamine-κ2N,N′)platinum(II)]- μ-chlorido-[bis(ethylenediamine)platinum(IV)]-μ-chlorido] tetrakis{4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl]benzenesulfonate} dihydrate], {[PtIIPtIVCl2(C2H8N2)4](HOC6H4N=NC6H4SO3)4·2H2O}n, has a linear chain structure composed of square-planar [Pt(en)2]2+(en is ethylenediamine) and elongated octahedraltrans-[PtCl2(en)2]2+cations stacked alternately, bridged by Cl atoms, along thebaxis. The Pt atoms are located on an inversion centre, while the Cl atoms are disordered over two sites and form a zigzag ...Cl—PtIV—Cl...PtII... chain, with a PtIV—Cl bond length of 2.3140 (14) Å, an interatomic PtII...Cl distance of 3.5969 (15) Å and a PtIV—Cl...PtIIangle of 170.66 (6)°. The structural parameter indicating the mixed-valence state of the Pt atom, expressed by δ = (PtIV—Cl)/(PtII...Cl), is 0.643.

Bindungslängen-Bindungsstärken-Beziehungen für Oxide von 4p-, 5p- und 6p-Elementen

1993 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Chladek ◽  
Martin Trömel
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Bond Length ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Oxidation States

AbstractBond-length-bond-strength relationships which are valid for different oxidation states of the elements have been established for oxides of As, Se, Br, Pb and Bi. According to new structural data, such relationships of single oxidation states in oxides of Ga(III), Ge(IV), In(III), Tl(I) and Tl(III) have been recalculated as well as those for oxides of Sn, Sb, Te, and I.

Structural Studies on N-(2,4,6-Trimethylphenyl)-methyl/ chloro-acetamides, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH3–yXy (X = CH3 or Cl and y = 0, 1, 2)

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 588-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalinganadoddy Thimme Gowda ◽  
Jozef Kožíšek ◽  
Hartmut Fuess
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Asymmetric Unit ◽  
Lattice Constants ◽  
Peptide Linkage ◽  
The Mean

TMPAThe effect of substitutions in the ring and in the side chain on the crystal structure of N- (2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-methyl/chloro-acetamides of the configuration 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-COCH3− yXy (X = CH3 or Cl and y = 0,1, 2) has been studied by determining the crystal structures of N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-acetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH3 (); N-(2,4,6- trimethylphenyl)-2-methylacetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH2-CH3 (TMPMA); N-(2,4,6- trimethylphenyl)-2,2-dimethylacetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH(CH3)2 (TMPDMA) and N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2,2-dichloroacetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CHCl2 (TMPDCA). The crystallographic system, space group, formula units and lattice constants in Å are: TMPA: monoclinic, Pn, Z = 2, a = 8.142(3), b = 8.469(3), c = 8.223(3), β = 113.61(2)◦; TMPMA: monoclinic, P21/n, Z = 8, a = 9.103(1), b = 15.812(2), c = 16.4787(19), α = 89.974(10)◦, β = 96.951(10)◦, γ =89.967(10)◦; TMPDMA: monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a =4.757(1), b= 24.644(4), c =10.785(2), β = 99.647(17)◦; TMPDCA: triclinic, P¯1, Z = 2, a = 4.652(1), b = 11.006(1), c = 12.369(1), α = 82.521(7)◦, β = 83.09(1)◦, γ = 79.84(1)◦. The results are analyzed along with the structural data of N-phenylacetamide, C6H5NH-CO-CH3; N-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-2-chloroacetamide, 2,4,6-(CH3)3C6H2NH-CO-CH2Cl; N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-acetamide, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH-COCH3; N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-2-chloroacetamide, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH-CO-CH2Cl; N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)- 2,2-dichloroacetamide, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH-CO-CHCl2 and N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)- 2,2,2-trichloroacetamide, 2,4,6-Cl3C6H2NH-CO-CCl3. TMPA, TMPMA and TMPDCA have one molecule each in their asymmetric units, while TMPDMA has two molecules in its asymmetric unit. Changes in the mean ring distances are smaller on substitution as the effect has to be transmitted through the peptide linkage. The comparison of the other bond parameters reveal that there are significant changes in them on substitution.

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