scholarly journals Fahr’s Syndrome and Secondary Hypoparathyroidism

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitorino Modesto dos Santos ◽  
Ana Medeiros De Farias Da Mata ◽  
Kelle Regina Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Isadora Cartaxo De Sousa Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Characteristic Distribution ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
Fahr’S Syndrome ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clonic Seizures

A typical case of Fahr’s syndrome is described in a 76-year-old Brazilian female who underwent a total thyroidectomy three decades ago. Six years before the current admission, she started with generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Associated disorders involved extra-pyramidal, cognitive, nocturnal terror and mood changes. With suspicion of hypocalcemia due to secondary hypoparathyroidism, laboratory determinations confirmed the diagnoses. Furthermore, imaging studies of the central nervous system detected multiple calcifications, with characteristic distribution of Fahr’s syndrome. Clinical management was successful.

scholarly journals Extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis: a challenge in treatment and in clinical management

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (52) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Agnès Fleury ◽  
Edda Sciutto
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease that occurs when cysticerci are installed in the central nervous system. This paper describes the challenge that continues in the treatment of the most severe form of neurocysticercosis that occurs when the parasite is installed outside the parenchyma. The relevance of neuroinflammation control for patient survival and its implications on the effectiveness of the treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis. Report of a case successfully treated with Itraconazol

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis A. VILLA ◽  
Angela TOBÓN ◽  
Antonio RESTREPO ◽  
Daniel CALLE ◽  
David S. ROSERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
The Brain

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a primary pulmonary infection that often disseminates to other organs and systems. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is rare and due to the fact that both clinical alertness and establishment of the diagnosis are delayed, the disease progresses causing serious problems. We report here a case of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis (NPCM), observed in a 55 year-old male, who consulted due to neurological symptoms (left hemiparesis, paresthesias, right palpebral ptosis, headache, vomiting and tonic clonic seizures) of a month duration. Upon physical examination, an ulcerated granulomatous lesion was observed in the abdomen. To confirm the diagnosis a stereotactic biopsy was taken; additionally, mycological tests from the ulcerated lesion and a bronchoalveolar lavage were performed. In the latter specimens, P. brasiliensis yeast cells were visualized and later on, the brain biopsy revealed the presence of the fungus. Treatment with itraconazole (ITZ) was initiated but clinical improvement was unremarkable; due to the fact that the patient was taking sodium valproate for seizure control, drug interactions were suspected and confirmed by absence of ITZ plasma levels. The latter medication was changed to clonazepam and after several weeks, clinical improvement began to be noticed and was accompanied by diminishing P. brasiliensis antigen and antibody titers. In the PCM endemic areas, CNS involvement should be considered more often and the efficacy of itraconazole therapy should also be taken into consideration.

scholarly journals RECURRENT MENINGIOMA AFTER INITIAL RESECTION SURGERY – CASE REPORT

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Ioana Cociasu ◽  
◽  
Irene Davidescu ◽  
Ioan Buraga ◽  
Bogdan O. Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Initial Resection

The most common tumours of the central nervous system, meningiomas are frequently diagnosed by accident when patients undergo imaging studies of the brain for other reasons. Most patients lack symptoms and thus can live their whole lives without knowing they have a brain tumour. Less fortunate patients seek medical advice for troubling symptoms – like seizures or disturbances of the cranial nerves – get surgery for the excision of the tumour and years later fi nd out their tumour has come back. We are presenting the case of such a patient with a recurrent parietal meningioma.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine Changes during Menopausal Transition

Endocrines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Andrea Giannini ◽  
Marta Caretto ◽  
Andrea R. Genazzani ◽  
Tommaso Simoncini
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
Mood Changes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Urogenital Symptoms ◽  
Follicular Activity

Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstrual cycles following the loss of ovarian follicular activity. Quality of life of postmenopausal woman is the result of a series of psychobiological transformations, that see in the reduction of sex hormones and steroids the etiopathogenetic determinant moment. Symptoms of menopause range from somatic side such as metabolic changes, increased cardiovascular disease, irregular vaginal bleeding, urogenital symptoms, vaginal dryness, osteoporosis and risk of bones fractures to changes of central nervous system as vasomotor symptoms, sleep disruption, mood changes, migraine, sexual dysfunctions. It is fundamental to know the mechanisms underlying changes in the central nervous system during menopause, related to hypoestrogenism, to be able to create appropriate target therapy for patients, improving their quality of life. In fact, the central nervous system is now one of the major targets of sex steroids that cannot be achieved disregard when dealing with the problem of choice of a particular type of MHT.

Familial Cavernous Angioma: MRI Study of three Generation in two Italian Families and Literature Review

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-422
Author(s):  
L. Manfrè ◽  
A. Mangiameli ◽  
G. Caruso ◽  
A. Banco ◽  
C. Sarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Cavernous Angioma ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
Autopsy Series ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mri Study

According to recent magnetic resonance imaging studies, cavernous angioma (CA) seems to involve the central nervous system in 0.5%-1% of the population 1 - in a similar percentage to a large autopsy series 2. The incidence of familial CA is unknown 3: the first paper in the literature concerning familial CA was published in 1936 5: recently however, thank to the widespread use of MR, at least 13 families have been described. We report MR findings in two Italian families with familial CA. In conclusion, familial CA should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with intracranial haemorrhage, seizures or cerebrovascular disease.

scholarly journals A Case of Neurocysticercosis in Diyarbakir

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Pinar AYDIN OZTURK ◽  
Onder Ozturk ◽  
Unal Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Definitive Host ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Endemic Areas

Neurocysticercosis is a major parasitic disease of the central nervous system, affecting endemic areas worldwide. It spreads through intermediary hosts, pigs and eventually men to his definitive host: humans. It causes lesions in the CNS which have different evolutive stages and can be asymptomatic or clinically evident. Imaging studies play an important role in the diagnosis of the disease and in its appropriate control.

Craniospinal malignancies

2016 ◽  
pp. 867-903
Author(s):  
Puneet Plaha ◽  
Allyson Parry ◽  
Pieter Pretorius ◽  
Michael Brada ◽  
Olaf Ansorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Clinical Management ◽  
Brain Tumours ◽  
Spinal Metastases ◽  
Intracranial Tumours ◽  
Molecular Oncology ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This chapter covers cancer of the central nervous system (CNS), including epidemiology and aetiology, classification, pathology and molecular genetics, clinical manifestation, neuroradiology, medical management, surgery for intracranial tumours, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and clinical management of brain tumours. In addition, there are sections devoted to brain and spinal metastases, and primary tumours of the skull and spine. New concepts of molecular oncology for diagnosis and therapy are discussed. Brain cancers (gliomas) were amongst the first neoplasms subjected to systematic genomic and transcriptomic analysis that may guide individualized treatments. In addition to gliomas, rarer type of intracranial tumours are included, such as ependymomas, primitive neuroectodermal tumours, and pineal tumours are also covered.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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