Analysis of Food Imports in a Highly Import Dependent Economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Kaitibie ◽  
Munshi Masudul Haq ◽  
Manitra A. Rakotoarisoa
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Factor Endowment ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Gravity Model Of Trade ◽  
Food Imports

AbstractThis analysis of food imports used an enhanced gravity model of trade, with food imports from approximately 136 countries from 2004 to 2014. Using improved panel data techniques, we show that total income, inflation in the food exporting country, corruption perception in the food exporting country, trade openness in the food exporting economy, GCC membership are important determinants of food imports by Qatar. In addition, we show that Qatari food imports mostly originate in countries with, on average, similar economic sizes. Finally, Qatar’s factor endowment is dissimilar to those of most of its trading partners, a situation that potentially fosters international food trade in accordance with the Heckscher–Ohlin theory of trade.

scholarly journals Import Flows of Bangladesh: Gravity Model Approach under Panel Data Methodology

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mili Roy ◽  
Md. Israt Rayhan
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Extended Gravity ◽  
Trading Partners

In counterpoint to export growth, Bangladesh import growth has remained much less strong, despite impressive progress in import liberalization. This study gives an overview of different methodologies related to gravity model analysis in Bangladesh’s import flow. A pooled cross section and time series data were analyzed to incorporate the country specific heterogeneity in country pair trading partners. The import flows are justified by the basic gravity model since Bangladesh’s imports are positively significant by the economy size and inversely related to trade barrier. Accordingly, we have analyzed pooled ordinary least square, fixed effect, random effect. This study also explores extended gravity model using several variables in the light of gravity model panel data approach. Bangladesh’s import is determined by the home and foreign country’s gross domestic product and exchange rate. In addition, Cross section results show that regional trade arrangement which is South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation and border are significant for Bangladesh’s importimplies that Bangladesh should import more from intra regional country and also should import from India.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11485 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 153-157, 2012 (July)  

scholarly journals A Gravity Model of Trade for Nicaraguan Agricultural Exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (74) ◽  
pp. 391-428
Author(s):  
Medardo Aguirre González ◽  
Claudio Candia Campano ◽  
Lilliam Antón López
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Gravity Model Of Trade

This research aims to find the determining factors of Nicaraguan agricultural exports. To carry out this study, the author formulated a Gravity Model of Trade (GMT) and then made an estimation using a version of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) that incorporates a consistent covariance matrix estimator to correct the heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation effects. The data considered observations over twenty years and for twelve countries: eight have signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Nicaragua and four have not. The variables that significantly increased the flow of Nicaraguan agricultural exports are the following: Nicaragua’s trading partners’ population, Nicaragua’s Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP pc), the Real Exchange Rate (RER), and Nicaragua’s trading partners’ GDP pc; however, the distance variable turned out to be significantly trade-inhibiting. Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) predominantly have significant effects.

Implications of Trade Liberalization for Food Security Under the ASEAN-India Strategic Partnership

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-48
Author(s):  
Ishita Ghosh ◽  
Ishita Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure ◽  
Good Food

The objective of the chapter is to understand India's role in providing food security through trade with the ASEAN under the India-ASEAN Strategic Partnership. A dynamic panel has been employed to assess and estimate the said objective, given that India and most of the ASEAN countries are considered emerging markets. Econometric investigation points out that while almost more than half the variables in the augmented gravity model hold good, food imports from India, agricultural labour force, common maritime border, distance from India, food price index, food production index, GDP (size) of the importing country, per capita GDP of the importing economy, and trade openness have statistically significant effect on the food trade from India to the ASEAN. Improving maritime infrastructure and agri-logistics, investing in climate change and water management while augmenting the agri-labour productivity are of paramount importance in order to improve food trade between India and the ASEAN.

scholarly journals Determinants of Bilateral Trade Flows Between Vietnam and Trading Partner Countries – Gravity Model Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume II (December 2021) ◽  
pp. 128-142
Author(s):  
Le Khuong Ninh ◽  
Phan Anh Tu ◽  
Pham Thi Nhu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Population Exchange ◽  
Economic Distance ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Bilateral Trade Flows ◽  
Convergence Method

This study uses the gravity model to investigate the bilateral trade flows between Vietnam and 52 countries from 2001 through 2011. The data are collected from International Trade Centre (ITC), International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank (WB). The results show that economic size, geographical distance, economic distance, technological innovation, trade openness, free trade agreement, population, exchange rate, and common border affect the bilateral trade flows between Vietnam and these 52 countries. More importantly, this study uses the speed-of-convergence method to find new potential trading partners for Vietnam, such as those in Africa and Southwest Asia.

Import Determinants and Potential Markets: A Panel Data Gravity Modelling Analysis for Bahrain

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shujaat Abbas ◽  
Abdul Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Macroeconomic Determinants ◽  
European Markets

Abstract This study investigates macroeconomic determinants of import flow and explores potential import markets for Bahrain using an augmented gravity model on panel data of 42 trading partners, from 2000 to 2016. The result of panel generalized least square estimation technique shows that the core variables support the theory of the basic gravity model. The estimated results of the augmented variables show that the imports of Bahrain are more responsive to income of trading partners, gross domestic product, and export flow; whereas, negatively determined by the relative price. The findings of dummy variables show that there is a significant role of common language and Gulf economic integration on imports of Bahrain. The results of the import potential analysis show that Bahrain has exceeded its import potential from most of its Asian trading partners; however, positive import potential exists in Africa and America and some selected Middle Eastern and European markets.

Implications of Trade Liberalization for Food Security Under the ASEAN-India Strategic Partnership

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Ishita Ghosh ◽  
Ishita Ghoshal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Maritime Infrastructure ◽  
Good Food

The objective of the chapter is to understand India's role in providing food security through trade with the ASEAN under the India-ASEAN Strategic Partnership. A dynamic panel has been employed to assess and estimate the said objective, given that India and most of the ASEAN countries are considered emerging markets. Econometric investigation points out that while almost more than half the variables in the augmented gravity model hold good, food imports from India, agricultural labour force, common maritime border, distance from India, food price index, food production index, GDP (size) of the importing country, per capita GDP of the importing economy, and trade openness have statistically significant effect on the food trade from India to the ASEAN. Improving maritime infrastructure and agri-logistics, investing in climate change and water management while augmenting the agri-labour productivity are of paramount importance in order to improve food trade between India and the ASEAN.

Was trade openness with China an initial driver of cross-country human coronavirus infections?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory N. Price ◽  
Doreen P. Adu
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Trade Gravity Model ◽  
Coronavirus Infections

PurposeThis paper aims to consider if an initial driver of the cross-country global coronavirus pandemic was trade openness with China.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimate simple, seemingly unrelated and zero-inflated count data specifications of a gravity model of trade between China and its trading partners, where the number of human coronavirus infections in a country is a function of the number of distinct good/services exported and imported from China.FindingsParameter estimates reveal that the number of early cross-country human coronavirus infections increased with respect to trade openness with China, as measured by the number of distinct Chinese exported and imported goods/services, and can account for approximately 24% of early infections among China's trading partners. The findings suggest that one of the costs of trade openness and globalization is that they can be a driver of cross-country human disease pandemics.Originality/valueThis inquiry constitutes a first approach at embedding the possible disease pandemic costs of free trade, trade openness and globalization within a trade gravity model.

scholarly journals International Trade Implications of Highly Pathogenic Poultry Disease Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-537
Author(s):  
Jada M. Thompson ◽  
Dustin L. Pendell ◽  
Amy D. Hagerman ◽  
Kamina K. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gravity Model ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Multilateral Resistance ◽  
Poultry Disease ◽  
Gravity Model Of Trade

Animal disease events can lead to international trade restrictions which can vary in duration, products included, and geographical extent. Accounting for multilateral resistance between trading partners, a general gravity model of trade is estimated with a Hausman-Taylor and a Hausman-Taylor seemingly unrelated estimator to evaluate the trade quantity impact by commodity resulting from highly pathogenic poultry disease events in 24 exporting markets. Commodity specific results show that quantity traded and products demanded during a disease event differ by commodities. Understanding these impacts can better prepare exporters for potential changes in trade quantity given a disease event.

scholarly journals Introduction: Is Russia’s Role in the International Agri-Food System Sustainable?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Stephen K. Wegren ◽  
Frode Nilssen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food System ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Export Policy ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Food Imports ◽  
Production Knowledge

AbstractThis introductory chapter examines the question whether Russia’s increased role in the international agri-food system is sustainable. Russia’s role in the international food trade system has changed from being a food importer to an importer and exporter. The first section discusses several factors that impact food imports: food production; knowledge-based innovation; politicalisation of food trade policy; and population and consumption. The second part examines factors that affect food exports: agri-food export policy; climate change; foreign competition; infrastructure; and regional foreign demand. The final section provides an outlook for the future, concluding that Russia will remain a food importer although the structure of imported commodities and trading partners will continue to evolve. Absent a major climatological disaster or significant economic downturn, we express cautious optimism that Russia will continue as a major food exporter.

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