scholarly journals The effect of protective atmosphere on decarburisation of the heat-treated surface of steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Marica Prijanovič Tonkovič ◽  
Miha Knez
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Hardness Profile ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Protective Atmospheres ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mixed Microstructure

AbstractIn heat-treating furnaces, many different types of protective atmospheres are used. This article researches the effect of protective atmospheres on the quality of the surface layer of bolts during the process of heating to reach the temperature of hardening. For this research, we produced specimens that were annealed in the furnace with two different types of protective atmosphere, i.e. in atmospheres of endothermic gas and nitrogen. After hardening and tempering, we measured the hardness of the specimens and investigated the microstructure. We measured the hardness profile from the surface to the inside of the product. We found that the hardness of the surface of the tested product was lower while using protective atmosphere of nitrogen due to the occurrence of ferrite. The depth of the decarburised layer in this atmosphere reached up to 70 mm, where predominantly there was a microstructure of ferrite on the surface, and then, with depth, an increasingly mixed microstructure of ferrite and martensite was found. The depth of the decarburised layer for sample treated in endothermic gas was minimal (i.e. 10 mm) on the surface.

Hydrogen diffusion kinetics under different conditions applied to VT6 alloy

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-107
Author(s):  
E. I. Maslikova ◽  
V. D. Andreeva ◽  
E. L. Alekseeva ◽  
Yu. A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Hydrogen Diffusion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Protective Atmosphere ◽  
Diffusion Kinetics ◽  
Hydrogen Charging ◽  
Hydride Formation ◽  
Different Types

Research of hydrogen diffusion in VT6 alloy is carried out considering different types of heat treating and hydrogen charging. The influence of microalloying on the susceptibility to hydride formation and embrittlement of titanium alloys is analyzed, and also effects of an oxide film on hydrogen charging during heat treatment without protective atmosphere, are studied.

Phase Transformation In Ti-6al-4v Alloys

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 584-585
Author(s):  
Shiro Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Mixed Microstructure ◽  
Ductile Behavior

The Ti-6 wt.% Al-4 wt.% V commercial alloys have exhibited an improved formability at cryogenic temperature when the alloys were heat-treated prior to the tests. The author was interested in further investigating this unusual ductile behavior which may be associated with the strain-induced transformation or twinning of the a phase, enhanced at lower temperatures. The starting materials, supplied by RMI Co., Niles, Ohio were rolled mill products in the form of 40 mil sheets. The microstructure of the as-received materials contained mainly ellipsoidal α grains measuring between 1 and 5μ. The β phase formed an undefined grain boundary around the a grains. The specimens were homogenized at 1050°C for one hour, followed by aging at 500°C for two hours, and then quenched in water to produce the α/β mixed microstructure.

A TEM study of the effect of oxygen on nanocavity formation and precipitation in rapid - solidified Fe-16Ni-9Cr stainless steels

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 700-701
Author(s):  
S. Wisutmethangoon ◽  
T. F. Kelly ◽  
J.E. Flinn
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Hot Extrusion ◽  
Extrusion Ratio ◽  
Gas Atomization ◽  
Cavity Formation ◽  
Nucleation Sites ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

Vacancies are introduced into the crystal phase during quenching of rapid solidified materials. Cavity formation occurs because of the coalescence of the vacancies into a cluster. However, because of the high mobility of vacancies at high temperature, most of them will diffuse back into the liquid phase, and some will be lost to defects such as dislocations. Oxygen is known to stabilize cavities by decreasing the surface energy through a chemisorption process. These stabilized cavities, furthermore, act as effective nucleation sites for precipitates to form during aging. Four different types of powders with different oxygen contents were prepared by gas atomization processing. The atomized powders were then consolidated by hot extrusion at 900 °C with an extrusion ratio 10,5:1. After consolidation, specimens were heat treated at 1000 °C for 1 hr followed by water quenching. Finally, the specimens were aged at 600 °C for about 800 hrs. TEM samples were prepared from the gripends of tensile specimens of both unaged and aged alloys.

AMPCO 940 and AMPCO-TRODE 940

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Alloys ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Resistance Welding ◽  
Chromium Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Association Class ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Nickel Silicon ◽  
Plastic Injection

Abstract AMPCO 940 is a precipitation-hardening copper-nickel-silicon-chromium alloy developed for resistance welding and other applications now using the 1% beryllium-copper alloys. The heat-treated alloy is capable of meeting the RWMA (Resistance Welder Manufacturers Association) Class 3 minimum requirements-95,000 psi tensile strength, 90 Rockwell B hardness and 45% IACS electrical conductivity. Potential applications include resistance welding tips, wheels and fixtures. A major use is in plastic injection molding. AMPCO-TRODE 940 is used for repair welding and overlays. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CU-434. Producer or source: Ampco Metal Inc. Originally published as Ampcoloy 940, April 1982, revised March 1993.

UNS A03560

Alloy Digest ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Casting ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Aluminum Casting Alloy ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Heat Treated

Abstract UNS No. A03560 is a heat-treatable aluminum casting alloy. Normally it is used only when heat-treated (aged) strengths are required. It is recommended for high-strength, pressure-tight castings, intricate shapes and where good resistance to corrosion is needed. Its many applications include crank cases, gear cases, oil pans, airframe fittings and instrument housings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-274. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

SCHMELZMETALL HOVADUR CCZ

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Spot Welding ◽  
Zirconium Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Softening Temperature ◽  
Aged Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
High Softening Temperature ◽  
Made In

Abstract Schmelzmetall Hovadur CCZ is a heat-treatable, copper-chromium-zirconium alloy. In the solution heat-treated and artificially aged condition, this alloy exhibits high thermal and electrical conductivity along with high strength and a high softening temperature. Hovadur CCZ evolved from CuCr1 (CW105C), a precipitation-hardenable alloy first made in the 1930s for spot welding electrodes, for which strength and hardness at temperatures up to 500 °C (930 °F), as well as good electrical and thermal conductivity, are essential. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-912. Producer or source: Schmelzmetall AG.

PYROMET 600

Alloy Digest ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Base Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract Pyromet 600 is a corrosion-resisting nickel-base alloy, having a very desirable combination of high strength and workability, both hot and cold. It has high strength and resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. It is designed to meet the highest quality of the nuclear industry. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-149. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

FEDERATED F401.5Ni

Alloy Digest ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Aluminum Casting ◽  
Aluminum Casting Alloy ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heat Treated Condition

Abstract FEDERATED F401.5Ni is a heat-treatable aluminum casting alloy with high strength and good wear resistance in the fully heat-treated condition. It is recommended for castings requiring good strength at elevated temperatures. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as casting, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-212. Producer or source: Federated Metals Corporation, ASARCO Inc..

UNS A96101

Alloy Digest ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Heat Treated Condition

Abstract UNS NO. A96101 in the heat treated condition is used primarily for enclosed bus conductor where both high strength and high electrical conductivity are desirable. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fatigue. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Al-287. Producer or source: Various aluminum companies.

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