Effect of polyarylene ether nitrile on the curing behaviors and properties of bisphthalonitrile

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-588
Author(s):  
Zhiran Chen ◽  
Yajie Lei ◽  
Hailong Tang ◽  
Xiaobo Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Polymerization Reaction ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Polyarylene Ether Nitrile ◽  
Heat Polymerization

AbstractThe 2,2-bis[4-(3,4)-dicyanophenoxy phenyl]propane (BAPh)/polyarylene ether nitrile (PEN-OH) prepolymers and polymers were prepared by heat polymerization. Firstly, BAPh/PEN-OH systems were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic rheological analysis, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The results revealed that the polymerization reaction can be controlled by various concentrations of PEN-OH and postcuring temperatures, and BAPh/PEN-OH prepolymers had low curing temperatures (229.3–300.4°C), large processing windows (∼106.5°C) with low melt viscosities, and excellent thermal stabilities. Then, the polymerization reaction and surface structures of BAPh/PEN-OH systems were investigated using Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The interpenetrating polymer networks were found in BAPh/PEN-OH polymers, suggesting that the addition of PEN-OH can not only promote the curing behaviors of BAPh but also increase the toughness of the polymers. The flexure strength and modulus of BAPh/PEN-OH polymers increased with the introduction of PEN-OH. The dielectric properties of BAPh/PEN-OH polymers were investigated, which had little dependence on the frequency. BAPh/PEN-OH systems can be used as a good candidate for high-performance polymeric materials.

scholarly journals Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Based on Cyanate Ester and Highly Soluble Thermoplastic Polyimide

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingfeng Liu ◽  
Weifeng Fan ◽  
Gewu Lu ◽  
Defeng Zhou ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Gelation Time ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Biphenyltetracarboxylic Dianhydride ◽  
The Impact

Thermoplastic polyimide (TPI) was synthesized via a traditional one-step method using 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (3,4′-BPDA), 4,4′-oxydianiline (4,4′-ODA), and 2,2′-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzidine (TFMB) as the monomers. A series of semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (semi-IPNs) were produced by dissolving TPI in bisphenol A dicyanate (BADCy), followed by curing at elevated temperatures. The curing reactions of BADCy were accelerated by TPI in the blends, reflected by lower curing temperatures and shorter gelation time determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and rheological measurements. As evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, phase separation occurred and continuous TPI phases were formed in semi-IPNs with a TPI content of 15% and 20%. The properties of semi-IPNs were systematically investigated according to their glass transition temperatures (Tg), thermo-oxidative stability, and dielectric and mechanical properties. The results revealed that these semi-IPNs possessed improved mechanical and dielectric properties compared with pure polycyanurate. Notably, the impact strength of semi-IPNs was 47%–320% greater than that of polycyanurate. Meanwhile, semi-IPNs maintained comparable or even slightly higher thermal resistance in comparison with polycyanurate. The favorable processability and material properties make TPI/BADCy blends promising matrix resins for high-performance composites and adhesives.

Preparation of epoxy/urethane graft interpenetrating polymer networks and study of mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Ghafghazi ◽  
Masoud Esfandeh ◽  
Jalil Morshedian
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of Epoxy/Urethane (EP/PU) graft interpenetrating polymer networks (g-IPNs) and investigates the effect of EP/PU weight ratio and urethane's prepolymer molecular weight on the mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of the IPN system. Here, g-IPN was prepared by thorough mixing of an isocyanate-terminated urethane prepolymer with an epoxy resin followed by simultaneous curing of the resins. Polytetra hydrofuranate (PTHF), molecular weights (Mw) 1000, 2000 and 3000 g/gmol, was used to prepare urethane prepolymers. EP/PU weight ratios were 75/25, 50/50, 30/70 and 15/85. Disappearance of epoxide and isocyanate functional groups was followed by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), showing curing of the resins. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the IPNs. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), tensile measurements and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to study thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of the prepared systems. The best mechanical properties were obtained at EP/PU weight ratio 75/25 which also shows a fine and uniformly dispersed morphology. Moreover, at this ratio, with increasing PTHF Mw in the urethane prepolymer, the mechanical properties were improved whereas a decrease was observed in Tg and thermal degradation temperature of g-IPNs.

scholarly journals Cross-Linked Polythiomethacrylate Esters Based on Naphthalene—Synthesis, Properties and Reprocessing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3021
Author(s):  
Karolina Fila ◽  
Beata Podkościelna ◽  
Maciej Podgórski
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Ene Reaction ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Double Bond Conversion ◽  
Swelling Studies ◽  
Synthesized Materials

Two structurally different aromatic dithioesters were synthesized from two dithiols and methacryloyl chloride. The polymer networks based on methyl methacrylate and/or styrene and the new dimethacrylates were subsequently prepared. The polymerization yields of copolymers were in the range of 95–99%. The thermal and mechanical properties of the copolymers were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTG), and Shore D hardness. The addition of dithioesters—1,5-NAF-S-Met (or 1,4(1,5)-NAF-CH2S-Met) (from 0.5% to 5%) to MMA- or ST-based polymers results in lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) by about 8 °C. The thioester-containing polymers based on MMA exhibit lower thermal stability than those with ST. The polythioesters are stable up to 250 °C. The UV/vis spectra and refractive indexes of prepared liquid compositions were also measured. The 1,5-NAF-S-Met (and 1,4(1,5)-NAF-CH2S-Met) improved the refractive index values of ST and MMA compositions. The double bond conversion was also determined for all synthesized materials. The swelling studies of polymers with 20% addition of thioester crosslinkers were investigated. For all polymeric materials with 20% addition of thioesters, depolymerization of the network was carried out by thiol-thioester exchange. The depolymerization products were re-reacted in a thiol-ene reaction with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate by thermal initiation. The thiol-ene procedure enabled reprocessing of starting polymers and obtaining new materials characterized by distinctly different thermal, mechanical, and swelling properties. The thiol-ene materials exhibit a lower Shore hardness in the range of 20–50 °Sh, as well as decreased Tg values when compared to starting copolymers. Due to these possible exchange reactions, one can facilely manipulate the properties of the polymers which could lead to the manufacturing of the new products with the desired features. Degradation of the cross-linked structure and recycling of copolymers were also discussed.

Design of Porous Polymeric Materials from Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (IPNs):  Poly(dl-lactide)/Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Semi-IPN Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (17) ◽  
pp. 7274-7285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géraldine Rohman ◽  
Daniel Grande ◽  
Françoise Lauprêtre ◽  
Sylvie Boileau ◽  
Philippe Guérin
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate

Recycling Lignin for Engineering Applications

1992 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Feldman ◽  
D. Banu ◽  
M. Lacasse ◽  
J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
Kraft Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Technical Lignins

AbstractLignin, a complex natural polymer produced by all vascular terrestrial plants is second in abundance only to cellulose and is the matrix holding plant fibres together. Lignins are recovered mainly as byproducts from woodpulping processes with about 100 million tons produced annually worldwide.Large volume uses for lignin byproduct other than for generation of energy (kraft process) are most likely to be in materials applications.In the last decades many studies aimed to the recycling of different lignins (sulfite, kraft, organosolv, steam exploded, hydrolytic, etc.) in polymeric systems based on thermoplastics, thermosettings, elastomers, adhesives, sealants, etc.Among all the technical lignins, sulfate lignins are chemically the most reactive and are therefore used to modify polymers. The oldest and the most familiar application of lignin as a component of polymeric materials involves the reinforcement of rubber. Multicomponent materials can be created by combination with other macromolecules like polyethylene, polypropylene, or poly(vinyl alcohol) to produce polyblends, block copolymers or interpenetrating polymer networks.The present communication will try to present such examples of polymeric systems based on recycled lignin, and synthetic polymers such as: polyurethane, epoxy, acrylics, silicones.

Synthesis and Properties of Hybrid Materials for Ion-Exchange and Complexing Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 749 ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Pozhidaev ◽  
Oksana Lebedeva ◽  
Evgenya Sipkina ◽  
Alexandra Chesnokova ◽  
Nikolay Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Linear Polymers ◽  
Sol Gel Synthesis

Hybrid materials are attractive for a large range of applications from medicine and biotechnology to telecommunication systems and fuel cells. In the present research we have studied sol-gel synthesis of hybrid composites based on carbofunctional organosilicon monomers N,N-bis-(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) thiocarbamide (I) or 2-{[3-(triethoxysilyl) propyamino} pyridine (II), and copolymers of ethylene glycol vinyl glycidyl ether with vinyl chloride.The polymeric materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and IR-spectroscopy. Gel products possess high thermal stability (decomposition temperatures reach 250 °С) and have developed specific surface (to 20 m2g-1).The synthesized composites comprise semi-interpenetrating polymer networks, consisting of three-dimensional and linear polymers that cannot be separated due to the mechanical interlacing of theirs chains. Hybrid composites have a value of sorption capacity for Pt (IV) ions of 70 (I) and 28 (II) mgg-1. Proton conductivity of membranes based on the synthesized composites is characterized by the values 3.52 10-2(I) and 1.19 10-2(II) Scm-1measured at temperature of 25 °C.

Interpenetrating polymer networks formed by cyanate esters and phenylethynyl-terminated imides

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Meier ◽  
Patricia P Parlevliet ◽  
Manfred Döring
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Networks ◽  
Covalent Bond ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Gravimetry ◽  
Pendent Group ◽  
Very High ◽  
End Group

An oligomeric phenylethynyl-terminated imide (PETI) has been formulated with a cyanate ester (CE) with and without the addition of a compatibilizer 2,2′-diallylbisphenol A (DABPA) forming interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs). Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC) was used to monitor the curing of the resin mixtures. The formation of various resulting IPNs was verified using mDSC, dynamical mechanical thermoanalysis (DMTA), thermal gravimetry analysis and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, it could be shown by mDSC and DMTA that a covalent bond of the separated CE and PETI networks could be achieved by the addition of DABPA. In this regard, a reaction mechanism is proposed for the cross-linking reaction between the allylic pendent group of DABPA and the phenylethynyl end-group of the PETI resin. The cured resin specimens showed to have very high heat resistance and very high glass transition temperatures up to 330°C.

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