Karyotype traits in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania

Abstract The description of the karyotype features and idiogram in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania, are reported here for the first time. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=2x=12, in agreement with the data published for the other species of the genus. The karyomorphological data show that the complements of the studied genotypes have small chromosomes (mean chromosome length is X̅±SE=2.56±0.10 μm, and mean length of haploid complements is X̅±SE=15.33±0.69 μm, with a range of variability comprised between 12.87-17.51 μm). The karyotypes are made up of six pairs of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, with an identical formula of the diploid complement: KF=2n=12=8m+ 2sm + 2sm-SAT. Satellites are located on the short arms of the chromosomes of pair III. The karyotypes show a relatively high level of intra-specific uniformity as well as similar symmetry patterns (R=1.29-1.53; TF%=38.78-41.57%; AsI%=54.54-57.61%; A1 = 0.24- 0.32; A2=0.08-0.16), belonging to 1A and 2A classes of symmetry. The small size of the chromosomes, the presence of only two chromosome morphometric types, and the preponderance of metacentrics confer a relatively high degree of symmetry to the karyotypes studied.

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A KARYOSYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION IN THE GRAMINEAE

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr34-087 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 213-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

A. W. S. Hunter

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Basic Number ◽

Chromosome Morphology ◽

The Other ◽

Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽

Large Genus ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

Different Characteristics ◽

First Time

The history and the present state of the classification of the Gramineae are briefly reviewed and a number of the different characteristics on which phylogenetic systems have been based are considered. The subjects of chromosome morphology and the application of idiograms and karyotypes to taxonomic studies are discussed. Avdulov's recently reported findings on the phylogeny of the grasses are summarized and compared with the results of other workers and those obtained in the present investigation. Three species of bamboos were studied for the first time and evidence secured to indicate that the basic number of the tribe is probably not 12 as has been elsewhere reported. In the Festuceae the chromosome number of Phragmites communis Trin. was definitely ascertained, confirming Avdulov's supposition that the basic number for the genus is 12. The other three species investigated agreed with the arrangement as proposed by Avdulov. The tribe Chlorideae, with the exception of the genus Beckmannia, has been reported to be almost entirely Panicoid with respect to chromosome morphology. This was confirmed in the four species examined. Avdulov's rearrangement of the tribe Hordeae was somewhat altered and a confusion m the nomenclature of the genus Lepturus was corrected. An anomalous situation was cleared up in the tribe Agrostideae by the establishment of the chromosome number of Sporobolus tennuissinus Kuntz as 40. The specimen of Anthoxanthum odoratum L. (tribe Phalarideae) examined provided a very interesting example of secondary splitting in somatic chromosomes. One species was examined in the tribe Melinideae and six in the tribe Paniceae. In the latter tribe no difference could be detected between the several subdivisions of the genus Panicum. The same condition held for the large genus Andropogon in the tribe Andropogoneae. In the tribe Maydeae the chromosome number of Tripsacum dactyloides L. was found to be 9, and the suggestion was made that it may be a link, along with the genus Coix, between the Andropogoneae and the Maydeae. The other four species examined all had a basic number of 10.

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Morphological, anatomical and karyological investigations of the Turkish endemic species Lathyrus woronowii Bornm. (Fabaceae)

Acta Botanica Croatica ◽

10.1515/botcro-2017-0010 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 132-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fatma Güneş ◽

Çiler Meriç

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Diploid Chromosome Number ◽

Dam Construction ◽

Annual Species ◽

International Union ◽

First Time ◽

Iucn Criteria ◽

General Appearance

AbstractLathyrus woronowiiBornm., an endemic species of Turkey, is threatened with extinction due to dam construction. It exists only in the Çoruh valley, Artvin. This annual species is in the critically endangered (CR) category according to the International Union of Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria. Its morphology, anatomy and karyology are studied here for the first time. A detailed description is given and the general appearance of the species has been drawn; cross sections from the stem and leaf have been taken and examined; and the diploid chromosome number (2n = 14) has been reported and illustrated for the first time.

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First illustration of chromosomes and genetic system of Lecanodiaspidinae (Homoptera, Coccinea, Asterolecaniidae s.l.)

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

10.3897/compcytogen.v12i3.29648 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 439-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ilya A. Gavrilov-Zimin

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Genetic System ◽

B Chromosomes ◽

Scale Insects ◽

Diploid Chromosome Number ◽

Embryonic Cells ◽

Paternal Genome ◽

Cytogenetic Data ◽

Males And Females ◽

First Time

The karyotype of Psoraleococcusmultipori (Morrison, 1921) was studied for the first time, based on material from Indonesia (Sulawesi). The diploid chromosome number was found to be 18 in both males and females, but some cells contained also additional small chromosomal elements, probably B chromosomes. About 50 % of the studied embryos demonstrated paternal genome heterochromatinization of one haploid set of chromosomes (PGH) suggesting presence of a Lecanoid genetic system. The embryos with PGH are known to be always the male embryos in scale insects and so, bisexual reproduction may be presumed for P.multipori. The information provided represents the first probative cytogenetic data for the subfamily Lecanodiaspidinae Targioni Tozzetti, 1896 as a whole. A detailed morphological figure and photos of female and male embryonic cells are given. Additionally, it was discovered that the females of P.multipori exhibit complete ovoviviparity.

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Chromosome counts of eight Iranian endemic species of Nepeta L. (Lamiaceae)

Caryologia ◽

10.36253/caryologia-729 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Maryam Hasaninejad ◽

Ziba Jamzad ◽

Saeid Afsharzadeh ◽

HojJatollah Saeidi

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Species Group ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Basic Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Ploidy Levels ◽

Study Results ◽

Karyotypic Diversity ◽

Karyotype Formula ◽

First Time

In this survey, the chromosome counts of eight Nepeta L. species were investigated and the karyotypic diversity among these species was studied. The examined species belong to N. cephalotes Boiss. species group, namely N. eremokosmos Rech.f., N. gloeocephala Rech. f., cephalotes Boiss., N. pungens (Bunge) Benth., N. ispahanica Boiss., N. mahanensis Jamzad & Simonds, N. hormozganica Jamzad and N. denudata Benth. collected from different habitats in Iran. The ploidy levels, karyotype formula, chromosome length range, total karyotype length, several karyotype asymmetries values and Stebbins classification were determined in this study. Results showed the same chromosome number, 2n = 2x= 18 for all studied species. The basic chromosome number for the above mentioned species are x = 9. Also, the smallest chromosome length is 1.02 μm in N. mahanensis. The largest chromosome length is 2.3 μm in N. ispahanica. The chromosomes of species were metacentric or submetacentric. According to the Stebbins classification, these species were located into three classes 1A, 2A and 3A. The chromosome numbers for six of studied species are reported here for the first time.

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Check-list of chromosome numbers of the family Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) with new data on Circassina frutis

Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” ◽

10.3897/travaux.64.e69707 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 64 (2) ◽

pp. 7-20

Author(s):

Nana Bakhtadze ◽

Nino Gabroshvili ◽

Levan Mumladze ◽

Nino Gabroshvili

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Chromosome Numbers ◽

Land Snail ◽

Haploid Number ◽

Check List ◽

Fundamental Number ◽

Diploid Complement ◽

The Family ◽

Karyotype Formula ◽

First Time

Chromosome number data on the Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora) are summarized and reviewed briefly in the context of the phylogeny of the family. In hygromiids, the haploid chromosome numbers range from 21 to 26. It is supposed that n = 21 is the ancestral chromosome number in the family. The modal haploid number for Hygromiidae is 23. Description of karyotype in terms of chromosome number and morphology of hygromiid land snail Circassina frutis is provided for the first time. The diploid chromosome number of this species is 2n = 46. The karyotype is symmetric and consists of 21 pairs of metacentric and 2 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes. The karyotype formula is as follows: 2n = 42m + 4sm (n = 21m + 2sm). The fundamental number (FN) is 92. Chromosomes range in length from 2.53 μm for the smallest pair to 6.00 μm for the largest pair. The total length of chromosomes in diploid complement (TCL) is 170.40 ± 3.22 μm.

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Jumping Flying Distance and Jump Performance of Elite Male Volleyball Players at FIVB Volleyball Men’s World Championship

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10062045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 2045

Author(s):

Damian Pawlik ◽

Adam Kawczyński ◽

Jan Chmura ◽

Krzysztof Maćkała ◽

Marcin Kutrzyński ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Jump Height ◽

Jump Performance ◽

World Championship ◽

Volleyball Player ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

High Level ◽

High Degree

We investigated different specific jumping performances of high-level male volleyball players. The aim of this study was to assess covered jumping distance, jump height, and number of jumps performed at certain positions by volleyball players competing at the 2014 FIVB Volleyball Men’s World Championship in Poland. A total of 140 male volleyball players from national teams participated in the study. The analysis was performed for jumping flying distance (JFD), jump serve height (SJH), attack jump height (AJH), block jump height (BJH), and quantity of jumps (JC). The analysis of JFD of attack jumps showed that the middles covered a shorter distance than the other players. When analyzing the block jump lengths, distance during jump performance covered by the receivers (R1) was shorter than that of the opposites. Analysis of SJH by volleyball players at various positions showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) among the middles (M1, M2), receivers (R1, R2), and opposites (O). Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in BJH were found between the middles and the rest of the players. The results of the experiment show a high degree of reliability for jump height during serve and attack, jumping flying distance covered during an attack, and number of block jumps. The strongest relationship was seen between jump components, which predominantly depend only on a volleyball player performing a specific action (e.g., jump serve or attack jump).

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Distribution of FISH oligo-5S rDNA and oligo-(AGGGTTT)3 in Hibiscus mutabilis L.

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2019-0142 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Xiaomei Luo ◽

Zhoujian He

Keyword(s):

Chromosome Number ◽

Physical Map ◽

Molecular Cytogenetics ◽

5S Rdna ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Chromosome Identification ◽

Karyotype Asymmetry ◽

First Time ◽

Distribution Of Fish

Hibiscus exhibits high variation in chromosome number both within and among species. The Hibiscus mutabilis L. karyotype was analyzed in detail using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with oligonucleotide probes for (AG3T3)3 and 5S rDNA, which were tested here for the first time. In total, 90 chromosomes were counted in prometaphase and metaphase, and all exhibited similarly intense (AG3T3)3 signals at both ends. (AG3T3)3 showed little variation and thus did not allow discrimination among H. mutabilis chromosomes, but its location at both ends confirmed the integrity of each chromosome, thus contributing to accurate counting of the numerous, small chromosomes. Oligo-5S rDNA marked the proximal/distal regions of six chromosomes: weak signals on chromosomes 7 and 8, slightly stronger signals on chromosomes 15 and 16, and very strong signals on chromosomes 17 and 18. Therefore, 5S rDNA could assist in chromosome identification in H. mutabilis. Metaphase chromosome lengths ranged from 3.00 to 1.18 μm, indicating small chromosomes. The ratios of longest to shortest chromosome length in prometaphase and metaphase were 2.58 and 2.54, respectively, indicating karyotype asymmetry in H. mutabilis. These results provide an exact chromosome number and a physical map, which will be useful for genome assembly and contribute to molecular cytogenetics in the genus Hibiscus.

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The posterior cerebellum and inconsistent trait implications when learning the sequence of actions

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience ◽

10.1093/scan/nsab037 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Min Pu ◽

Qianying Ma ◽

Elien Heleven ◽

Naem Patemoshela Haihambo ◽

Frank Van Overwalle

Keyword(s):

Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Social Cognition ◽

Medial Prefrontal Cortex ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Confidence Level ◽

Temporal Order ◽

The Other ◽

High Level ◽

First Time ◽

Temporal Sequences

Abstract It has been proposed that the cerebellum contributes to social cognition. Based on the view that cerebellar internal models create predictions on motions and actions, we hypothesize that the posterior cerebellum supports identifying temporal sequences of persons’ actions as well as detecting inconsistent actions that violate the implied trait. Participants were required to memorize the temporal order of a set of sentences that implied a personality trait. Importantly, the sentence sets were designed in such a way that the first half of each set involved actions that were consistent with the same trait, while the other half was either consistent or inconsistent with that trait. As expected, we found robust posterior cerebellar activation when memorizing the order of the actions, irrespective of trait consistency, but more crucially also for actions implying an inconsistent trait in comparison to consistent trait actions. We also found that the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cerebellum were associated with confidence level in retrieving the sequences. This study supports the hypothesis that the posterior cerebellum identifies and predicts the low-level temporal order of actions and demonstrates for the first time that this area is also involved in the high-level prediction of trait implications of those actions.

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Adaptive federated filter for multi-sensor nonlinear system with cross-correlated noises

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0246680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0246680

Author(s):

Lijun Wang ◽

Sisi Wang ◽

Wenzhi Yang

Keyword(s):

Measurement Noise ◽

The Other ◽

Local Measurement ◽

Gaussian Filter ◽

Process Noise ◽

Cross Correlations ◽

Simulation Results ◽

High Degree ◽

First Time ◽

Correlated Noises

This paper presents an adaptive approach to the federated filter for multi-sensor nonlinear systems with cross-correlations between process noise and local measurement noise. The adaptive Gaussian filter is used as the local filter of the federated filter for the first time, which overcomes the performance degradation caused by the cross-correlated noises. Two kinds of adaptive federated filters are proposed, one uses a de-correlation framework as local filter, and the subfilter of the other one is defined as a Gaussian filter with correlated noises at the same-epoch, and much effort is made to verify the theoretical equivalence of the two algorithms in the nonlinear fusion system. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms are superior to the traditional federated filter and Gaussian filter with same-paced correlated noises, and the equivalence between the proposed algorithms and high degree cubature federated filter is also demonstrated.

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Extensive karyotype variability of African fish genus Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes)

Comparative Cytogenetics ◽

10.3897/compcytogen.v12i3.25092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 387-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Eugene Krysanov ◽

Tatiana Demidova

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Chromosome Number ◽

Diploid Chromosome Number ◽

East African ◽

Multiple Sex Chromosomes ◽

Karyotype Variability ◽

Karyotypic Formula ◽

Unstable Environment ◽

First Time ◽

Species Proportion

Karyotypes of 65 species of the genus Nothobranchius Peters, 1868 were reviewed and of those 35 examined first time. The results of present study have shown that fishes of the genus Nothobranchius possessed highly diverse karyotypes. The diploid chromosome number (2n) ranged from 16 to 50. The most frequent 2n was 2n = 36 (in 35 species) while the second one 2n = 38 (in 13 species). Proportion of biarmed chromosomes varied from 0 to 95% between species. Diploid chromosome number variability apparently exists as a result of chromosomal fusions or fissions and extensive karyotypic formula alterations promoting by inversions. Multiple sex chromosomes of system X1X1X2X2/X1X2Y type were found only in karyotypes of 5 species. The extensive karyotype variability, unusual for teleosts, of genus Nothobranchius can be likely associated with the characteristics of its life cycle and inhabiting under unstable environment of East African savannah temporal pools.

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