scholarly journals Josef Štefan Kubíns Sammlung von Volkserzählungen aus dem Riesengebirgsvorland

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-282
Author(s):  
Ludger Udolph
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
Josef Stefan

SummaryIn the first quarter of the 20th century, the Czech teacher J. St. Kubín collected far more than 1000 folktales of Czech countrymen, especially in the Giant Mountains. Kubín comprehended the orally passed on folktale as the genuine cultural tradition of ‘unsophisticated’ people. The narrator is the bearer of this tradition, which Kubín defends as autonomous and native against modernism and civic society. Different from Václav Tille, who claimed the literary written origin of folktales, Kubín emphasizes the oral tradition of the folktales. His rich collection shows the internationality of the types of the folktale.

ALTRUISTIC AND EGOISTIC AGON IN THE EMOTIONAL CRISIS OF SUŠIĆ'S DRAMATIC PERSONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2361-2365
Author(s):  
Almedina Čengić
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Artistic Creation ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Modern Process ◽  
Artistic Vision ◽  
Dramatic Characters ◽  
The One

The second half of the 20th century in Bosnian literature is marked by the new tendencies of avant-garde writers, who will create their work through a different form of artistic creation, compared to the one that was presented at the beginning of this period. It is important to clarify the specificity of the various procedures that have positively directed dramatic creativity towards the modern lines of European literary circles. Derviš Sušić (1925-1990.), the Bosnian-Herzegovinian tradition and the reality of images, presented in a completely new artistic vision, make oscillation, in the writer's creation, between the determinants of historical facts and the legacy of oral tradition. Derviš Sušić Within the avant-garde tendencies of contemporary writers of the regional region, which appear in the mid-20th century, Sušić dominates in his virtuous creations of dramatic situations and dilemmas, in which his protagonists act. In a specific presentation of crucial culmination points, within the framework of the process of "drama of the flow of consciousness," a modern process in the conduct of drama, this writer analytically approaches the individual's dialectical duplication. Through artistically shaped fragments taken from historical records, this literary virtuoso presents in his texts a culmination point of Bosnian survival, very picturesque dramatic shaped historical characters and crucial events. It is symptomatic that Susić's characters become prototypes of stage characters, without temporal or location restrictions, transmitting a universal message of a unique attitude about the value of human activity and existence, outperform stereotypical models recognizable in the additional drama literature. Through the colorful of seeing and a range of specific dramatic characters, without the diversity of their differentiation in national status or sociopolitical affiliation, this writer creates a special ambient effect in the construction of his poetic fabrics based on historical background. The task of this paper is to prove the causality and conditionality of altruistic (social) and egoistic (individual) agonies in the actions and actions of Sušić's characters, in the examples of dramatic texts "Veliki vezir" (1969) and "Posljednja ljubav Hasana Kaimija "(1973), as well as the influence of emotional indicators on the concrete initiation of the dramatic conflict. It is therefore very interesting to explore and verify the models that will dominantly dominate the regional scene for almost half a century and be accepted as models in the way of writing its contemporaries, among the readers' population, but also at the same time with very successful placement in the theater audience.

They Go Along Singing: Reconstructing the Hopi Past from Ritual Metaphors in Song and Image

2004 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emory Sekaquaptewa ◽  
Dorothy Washburn
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Ceramic Design ◽  
Ritual Song ◽  
Song Texts

This article demonstrates how the cosmological metaphors in ritual song texts are an important but unrecognized resource in the repertoire of oral tradition that can be used to reconstruct past lifeways. We test this proposition with a study of 125 Hopi katsina song texts from the 20th century and show how the cosmological principles underlying the Hopi lifeway are embedded in special song word and phrase metaphors. Through the transcription and translation of the content of these song metaphors we reveal a consistency of thought and prescribed social action that has sustained the Hopi people as they have followed a lifeway of corn agriculture done by hand. We then show how these same principles for living expressed metaphorically in words are visually repeated in the same metaphors in mural images on 15th- and 16th-century kiva murals from the Hopi sites of Awatovi and Kawaika'a as well as on associated Jeddito and Sikyatki yellow ware ceramic design.

scholarly journals The dawn of the Somali written word: an analysis of the creation and implementation of the Somali written language

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsan Amin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Oral Poetry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Knowledge Preservation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

My major research paper (MRP) is grounded in the history of Somalia’s first orthography implemented in 1972 by President Mohamed Siad Barre. This meant that for the first time Somali history, there would be a written language that mirrored the Somali oral tradition in all its complexity. The nation’s longstanding cultural tradition of oral poetry has both impacted, and been impacted by the implementation of the orthography. Through the use of semi-structured interviews and grounded theory as my method of analysis, the purpose of this MRP is to explore this reciprocal impact between Somalia’s oral tradition and the implementation of the orthography, and also to explore how Somali poetry provides a unique lens into this reciprocal impact. After stating the data, I present the findings in two stages: (a) in the form of short stories that provide insight into the topic from the perceptions and perspectives of each interviewee, and (b) as overarching themes that have emerged from the interviewees collectively. The findings reveal that the colonial period in Somalia gave rise to the necessity of an orthography for the oral Somali language which then introduced a level of cultural anxiety as the oral tradition of knowledge preservation eventually weakened. Nonetheless, although the Somali orthography is now seen first and foremost as a means of knowledge preservation, the Somali culture still demonstrates a deep connection to their oral heritage.

scholarly journals The First Third of the 20th Century as a Literary Era: Common Cultural and National Features in Russian and Ukrainian Literatures

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Cultural Specificity ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
Western European ◽  
Culture Identification ◽  
Language Environment

The article outlines the cultural and national features of the development of Ukrainian and Russian literatures in the first third of the 20th century. The study clearly demonstrates that the development of Ukrainian and Russian literatures have followed typologically similar patterns. Common and distinguishing features in the literatures were the result of the specific historical conditions of their origin and existence, as well as cultural orientation. The national differences between Ukrainian and Russian literatures of the first third of the 20th century were due primarily to the search for the ways to assert the identity. Ukrainian literature was expressly focused on Western European, trying to perceive it without mediation of the Russian one. Western European artistic innovations coexisted with the local cultural specificity. Russian literature was less concerned with issues of national identity because it had a counter-effect on Western European literature. The interaction with the national cultural tradition was also different. Common features of the literary process of the first third of the 20th century include the development of literatures in the metropolitan environment and in the context of emigration. The literature developed in the context of emigration was created in a foreign-language environment, but positioned itself as a national literature, the existence of which was a priori impossible in the metropolitan environment. The leading feature of the literature of the metropolis followed the October revolution was the ideological and political oppression caused by the new relations between the authorities and the artistic culture. Identification of general characteristics and features of the evolution of Russian and Ukrainian literatures in the first third of the 20th century in terms of typological comparisons makes it possible to suggest that the literary and artistic realities of the era caused the affinity of issues in the formation of new ideological and artistic quality of both literatures and, consequently, their national forms, features.

scholarly journals Menyoal Kritik Orientalis terhadap Qirā’at: Studi Kritis terhadap Pemikiran Arthur Jefrey Mengenai Ragam Bacaan Al-Qur’an

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Akhmad Roja Badrus Zaman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Critical Studies ◽  
Variant Reading ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Diacritical Mark ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Arthur Jeffery (1892-1959) was an Australian orientalist who was quite influential in the 20th century. He is well known for his philosophical thoughts on the Qur’an. He even wanted to restore the al-Qur’an text based on Ibn Abī Dāwud al-Sijistānī’s Kitab al-Maṣāḥif which is thought to have recorded readings (qirā’at) in several counter-manuscripts - rival codices. This article examines his thoughts on the variety of reading (qirā’at) of the al-Qur’an. The method used is descriptive-qualitative. From the study conducted, it was found that the following results were: 1) Arthur Jeffery considered that the Mushaf ‘Uthmānī which had a dot and a diacritical mark was a factor in the birth of the variety of reading for the al-Qur’an. According to him, this is a free opportunity for readers to mark themselves according to the context of the verse they understand, 2) Arthur's thought is natural because he uses a text-critical study approach to the Qur’an - as a method. it was used by the Orientalists of the Bible. 3) the use of text-critical studies of the Qur’an as done by Arthur is a fatal basic mistake, because after all the process of transmitting the Koran in the early Islamic century was an oral tradition, so the accusations made by Arthur about qirā’at It is easy to argue with, 4) The use of the term variant reading - by orientalists including Arthur Jeffery is considered a failure by Islamic thinkers in representing the meaning of qirā’at, because it implies uncertainty about the truth of the qiraat itself. So that al-A’ẓamī prefers the term multiple reading, because it is more in accordance with the historical facts of the al-Qur’an transmission which accommodates many dialects of Arabic society.

Daylighting of the Newest Christian Churches

2021 ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Elena V. Ermolenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Internal Space ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Symbolic Language ◽  
Interior Decoration ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Common Principle ◽  
The Temple

Semantic and spatial changes in the options for using daylight compared to tradition are presented, based on the analysis of the architectural solutions applied in a number of modern Christian churches. According to popular belief, sunlight is used in most modern temples only as an architectural technique proving the skill of an architect, and as a means of interior decoration. The study showed that behind the abstract modern methods of illumination a temple, there is a deep connection with the earlier cultural tradition. Sunlight was one of the key means used for decorating interiors of Christian churches. The light pouring from windows of the dome drum or cutting through the twilight of the extended naves, highlighting an apse with the altar, or emphasizing the beauty of the sculpture, was the conductor of the Divine on earth. The quintessence of the presentation of “divine light” in architecture, which clearly shows the connection between God and man, are the Gothic monuments. From the end of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th century, temple architecture was rapidly changing. Renowned innovator architects of the 20th century offered their own vision of a modern temple. The extreme degree of individualization of the new objects of cult was based on a common principle: the rejection of the symbolic language traditional for Christianity. The architects were not tied to metaphors and images of biblical subjects. They boldly changed both the external appearance of a temple and the construction of its internal space, hence, its system of daylighting. Traditionally, sunlight was the semantic filling of the temple space. As a result of the present study, it has been shown that in the newest Christian churches, daylighting techniques, in their essence, replace the pictorial filling of the temple space with religious content. At the same time, the same techniques function as a modern interpretation for a number of traditional architectural methods used for lighting design of the temple space. By the examples of the works by Studio Zermani e Associati, Mark Cavagnero Associates, Vicens + Ramos, Königs architekten, modern interpretation versions for the themes of retablo, glowing cross, highlighting the altar space, and illumination of gilded surfaces are shown, and the upper and side illumination features of the newest temples are revealed.

Culture and History: Subregional Variation Among the Maya

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana R. Goldin ◽  
Brenda Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Wage Labor ◽  
Basic Pattern ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Cultural Complex

Mayas from Guatemala and Chiapas, Mexico, narrate strikingly similar stories that are part of their oral tradition. These similarities reflect the fact that Mayas from both areas share a common cultural tradition dating to pre-Hispanic times and a basic pattern of beliefs central to the Mesoamerican cultural complex. At the same time, the stories contain notable differences that can be explained historically and traced both to pre-Hispanic or post-Hispanic developments as they combined with ecological conditions. In this study, we compare the present expression of a series of Earth Lord accounts and explain interesting differences that we observed between two groups of Maya Indians. Our results suggest that the differences can be traced to the diverse ways by which peasants are incorporated at various degrees into the capitalist system, mainly through trade or through wage labor or combinations of these with other forms of production.

scholarly journals Traditional and Modern Forms of the Cossack Culture in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries. Revival, Transformation, and Cultural Construction

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-212
Author(s):  
Olga Rvacheva ◽  
Pierre Labrunie
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cultural Construction ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Creation

Introduction. The paper deals with studying the formation of culture elements during the Cossacks revival process in the late 20th – early 21st centuries. The cultural pattern of a community is always changing. Cultural practices and traditions of the past get integrated into the modern social conditions, while new values and rituals assume the character of traditional ones. The topicality of the subject derives from the fact that the Cossack culture was subject to a dramatic transformation in the 20th century, while many elements of the culture were wiped out. The transmission of the cultural tradition was interrupted. The Cossacks revival in the late 20th century supposed a return to traditional historical forms. However, this task proved difficult because of the break in the transmission of the ethnic culture. The formation of the present-day Cossack cultural system supposed the selection of some elements of culture from the past and their integration into the new conditions as well as the creation of new forms of culture that would contribute to the cultural identification of the Cossacks. Methods and materials. Historiography has predominantly described the traditional forms of the Cossack culture. The issues of cultural construction were touched upon only occasionally. This paper applies the historical and chronological, historicalgenetic methods as well as the conception of socio-cultural construction. Analysis. During the Cossacks revival process its participants demonstrated a sharp increase of interest in the traditional forms of culture. The attempts at their integration into the present-day conditions led to the deformation of cultural forms. They lost their authenticity and transformed themselves into secondary forms of culture, thus cultural patterns of the modern Cossacks got changed. At the same time, new cultural traditions and norms were “invented”. Their function was to fix Cossacks identity and to show that the Cossacks do exist in the social life of the country. The adaptation of the traditions and historical elements of the Cossack socio-cultural system had its peculiarities. The traditions and elements were taken from different epochs and formed an arbitrary composition of different cultural phenomena. Traditions played an important role in the Cossacks revival process because they acted as cultural identification markers for the Cossack community. For that reason even new cultural practices were given the appearance of traditions. Results. In the late 20th – early 21st centuries the restoration of the Cossack culture was actually its construction. A number of trends can be traced in the process. They developed concurrently and contributed to the creation of new cultural milieu.

scholarly journals El diablo anda suelto: algunos rasgos del imaginario religioso de los pacoreños de la primera mitad del siglo XX

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Alberto Isaza Gil
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Catholic Church ◽  
Religious Imaginary

El presente ensayo interpreta el uso de exemplas alrededor de la figura del diablo en la localidad de Pácora (Departamento de Caldas) durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. El autor tiene en cuenta la tradición oral y hace uso de la técnica de entrevistas para ofrecer su comprensión sobre las apariciones y creencias sobre el diablo en el contexto de una comunidad religiosa y laica. La interpretación ayuda a comprender tal fenómeno bajo el impacto e influencia de la iglesia católica, en el contexto de una comunidad aislada, cerrada y como parte de la vida cotidiana y el imaginario de sus habitantes.Palabras clave: diablo, iglesia católica, imaginario colectivo, cultura paisa, exempla.The Devil is free: Some religious imaginary features of people from Pácora in the first half of the 20th century AbstractThis essay shows the use of exempla in Pácora (Caldas) around the Devil’s role during the first decades of the 20th century. The author takes into account the oral tradition and holds interviews for offering his own understanding about Devil’s apparitions and beliefs within a religious and secular community context. The interpretation helps to understand this phenomenon under the Catholic Church impact and influence, within an isolated and closed community context, and that is part of the inhabitants’ everyday life and imaginary.Keywords: devil, Catholic Church, collective imaginary, Paisa culture, exempla.

scholarly journals A literatura do Povo Baniwa na tradição oral (The literature of The Baniwa People in oral tradition)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 3380084
Author(s):  
Rosenilda Rodrigues de Freitas Luciano ◽  
Hellen Cristina Picanço Simas ◽  
Jefferson Gil da Rocha Silva
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
School Context ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Indigenous Literature ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Teaching Learning

The Baniwa People's literature in Indigenous and Portuguese languages is discussed as an educational didactic tool that promotes the appreciation of indigenous culture through the Baniwa People's indigenous ancestral stories in the school context. To this end, we used field research initiated in undergraduate studies by one of the authors in which traditional stories of the Baniwa people were collected from indigenous Baniwa scholars residing in Manaus. In the master's degree, there was a bibliographic research about the theme and the analysis of the study corpus. The study brought a small part of the ancestral Baniwa stories maintained through orality, which are significant to demonstrate how important it is to register them in writing in order to value traditional knowledge in the teaching-learning and literacy process since the early years, in order to promote ethnic and cultural belonging based on orality, which determines the lifestyle of the Baniwa, and, at the same time, contributing to the formation of indigenous writers as authors of their own stories.ResumoDiscute-se a literatura do Povo Baniwa em língua indígena e em língua portuguesa como instrumento didático pedagógico que promove a valorização da cultura indígena por meio das histórias ancestrais indígenas do Povo Baniwa no contexto escolar. Para tanto, servimo-nos de pesquisa de campo iniciada na graduação por uma das autoras em que foram coletadas histórias tradicionais do povo Baniwa junto a acadêmicos indígenas baniwa residentes em Manaus. Já no mestrado, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica acerca da temática e as análises do corpus de estudo. O estudo trouxe uma pequena parte das histórias ancestrais baniwa mantidas por meio da oralidade, significantes para demonstrar o quão importante é registrá-las de forma escrita para valorização dos saberes tradicionais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e letramento desde os anos iniciais, de modo a promover o pertencimento étnico e cultural baseado na oralidade, que determina o estilo de vida dos Baniwa, e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuindo para a formação de escritores indígenas como autores de suas próprias histórias.Palavras-chave: Literatura indígena, Tradição cultural e oralidade do povo Baniwa, Educação escolar indígena.Keywords: Indigenous literature, Cultural tradition and orality of the Baniwa people, Indigenous school education.ReferencesABBAGNANO, Nicola. Dicionário de Filosofia. São Paulo: Martins Fontes, 2003.BRASIL, Ministério da Educação. Referenciais para a formação de professores indígenas /Secretaria de Educação Fundamental. Brasília: MEC; SEF, 2002.COELHO, Nelly Novaes. Literatura Infantil: teoria, análise, didática. São Paulo: Moderna, 2000.D’ANGELIS, Wilmar da Rocha. Línguas Indígenas precisam de escritores? São Paulo: UNICAP, 2005.ISA. Baniwa: localização e população. Disponível em: https://pib.socioambiental.org/pt/Povo:Baniwa. Acesso em: 01.05.2020JECUPÉ, Kaká Werá. A Terra de Mil Povos: história indígena do Brasil contada por um índio. São Paulo: Peirópolis – (Série educação para a paz), 1998.LUCIANO, Gersem José dos Santos. Educação para manejo e domesticação do mundo entre a escola ideal e a escola real: os dilemas da educação escolar indígena no Alto Rio Negro. 2011. 368 f. Tese (Doutorado em Antropologia) Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, 2011.LUCIANO, Gersem José dos Santos. O índio brasileiro: o que você precisa saber sobre os povos indígenas no Brasil de hoje. Coleção Educação Para Todos. Série Vias dos Saberes Volume 1. Brasília: MEC/SECAD; Rio: LACED/Museu Nacional, 2006.LUCIANO, G. dos S. Educação para manejo do mundo: entre a escola ideal e a escola real no Alto Rio Negro. Rio de Janeiro: Contra Capa: Laced, 2013.LUCIANO, Rosenilda R. Freitas. Ação Saberes Indígenas na Escola: Alfabetização e Letramento com Conhecimentos Indígenas? 2019. 227 f. Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2019.MINDLIN, Betty. Texto e leitura na escola indígena. In: D’ANGELIS, Wilmar; VEIGA, Juracilda. (Orgs.). Leitura e escrita em escolas indígenas. Campinas, SP: ALB; Mercado das Letras, 1997. (Coleção Leitura das Letras).NEVES, Josélia Gomes. Alfabetização, Bilinguismo e Interculturalidade: Tematizando a prática pedagógica com docentes indígenas Arara-Karo e Gavião-Ikolen. 2008. Disponível em <http://www.abrapee.psc.br/documentos/cd_ix_conpe/IXCONPE_arquivos/22.pdf>. Acesso em: 23/11/2011.SILVA, Aracy Lopes da (org.). A Questão indígena na sala de aula: subsídios para professores de 1o e 2o graus.  São Paulo: Editora Brasiliense, 2. ed, 1993.SIMAS, Hellen Cristina Picanço; SILVA, Regina Celi Mendes. Mito dos mitos e lendas indígenas. In: GRIZOSTE, Weberson; ALBUQUERQUE, Renan. Estudos Clássicos e Humanísticos e Amazonidades. Parintins: EDUA, 2016.VIERTLER, Renate Brigitte. Adaptação de mitos indígenas na literatura infantil. In: SILVA, Aracy Lopes da (org.) A questão indígena na sala de aula. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1987.e3380084

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