scholarly journals The dawn of the Somali written word: an analysis of the creation and implementation of the Somali written language

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsan Amin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Oral Poetry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Knowledge Preservation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

My major research paper (MRP) is grounded in the history of Somalia’s first orthography implemented in 1972 by President Mohamed Siad Barre. This meant that for the first time Somali history, there would be a written language that mirrored the Somali oral tradition in all its complexity. The nation’s longstanding cultural tradition of oral poetry has both impacted, and been impacted by the implementation of the orthography. Through the use of semi-structured interviews and grounded theory as my method of analysis, the purpose of this MRP is to explore this reciprocal impact between Somalia’s oral tradition and the implementation of the orthography, and also to explore how Somali poetry provides a unique lens into this reciprocal impact. After stating the data, I present the findings in two stages: (a) in the form of short stories that provide insight into the topic from the perceptions and perspectives of each interviewee, and (b) as overarching themes that have emerged from the interviewees collectively. The findings reveal that the colonial period in Somalia gave rise to the necessity of an orthography for the oral Somali language which then introduced a level of cultural anxiety as the oral tradition of knowledge preservation eventually weakened. Nonetheless, although the Somali orthography is now seen first and foremost as a means of knowledge preservation, the Somali culture still demonstrates a deep connection to their oral heritage.

scholarly journals The dawn of the Somali written word: an analysis of the creation and implementation of the Somali written language

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warsan Amin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Oral Poetry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Word ◽  
Knowledge Preservation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
First Time

My major research paper (MRP) is grounded in the history of Somalia’s first orthography implemented in 1972 by President Mohamed Siad Barre. This meant that for the first time Somali history, there would be a written language that mirrored the Somali oral tradition in all its complexity. The nation’s longstanding cultural tradition of oral poetry has both impacted, and been impacted by the implementation of the orthography. Through the use of semi-structured interviews and grounded theory as my method of analysis, the purpose of this MRP is to explore this reciprocal impact between Somalia’s oral tradition and the implementation of the orthography, and also to explore how Somali poetry provides a unique lens into this reciprocal impact. After stating the data, I present the findings in two stages: (a) in the form of short stories that provide insight into the topic from the perceptions and perspectives of each interviewee, and (b) as overarching themes that have emerged from the interviewees collectively. The findings reveal that the colonial period in Somalia gave rise to the necessity of an orthography for the oral Somali language which then introduced a level of cultural anxiety as the oral tradition of knowledge preservation eventually weakened. Nonetheless, although the Somali orthography is now seen first and foremost as a means of knowledge preservation, the Somali culture still demonstrates a deep connection to their oral heritage.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Determinants of Adolescent Health in Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-113
Author(s):  
P. Gazizullina
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Public Health Promotion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the socio-economic determinants of the health of Russian adolescents, performed using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis was carried out on the basis of the data of the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health conducted by the Higher School of Economics for 2010-2016 (19th- 25th waves) using the logistic regression apparatus. Qualitative data are obtained by conducting 39 semi-structured interviews with adolescents aged 14-17 living in the Republic of Udmurtia and the Moscow Region in two stages: in 2010 and 2013. Within the framework of the study, the complex of socio-cultural determinants of health is separately singled out for the first time and its significance is shown for the health of Russian teenagers. The definition of the most significant socio-economic determinants of adolescent health enabled developing a series of recommendations in the area of public health promotion policy.

scholarly journals Qur’ans of the Umayyads

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Andrew Rippin
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Original Text ◽  
History Of ◽  
Written Word

Qur’an manuscripts have attracted a good deal of attention from scholars, especiallyin the wake of the spectacular finds in the Great Mosque in Sanaa in1972. Some might suggest that this attention is superfluous or even reflectiveof a willful ignoring of the significance of the scripture’s oral transmissionand a privileging of the written word over the oral. However, careful studiesof these manuscripts tell us many things, such as early Muslim attitudes towardthe text, that cannot be documented otherwise. In fact, early manuscriptsare the only tangible source about the oral tradition itself. We can also see thatchanges in appearance in early manuscripts provide evidence of the perceptionand role of such copies and that this went through a significant transformation,especially during the Umayyad period (661-750).Studies done by knowledgeable scholars do not aim to establish an “original”text or to find fault with the modern version; rather, they aim to focuson such matters as the history of the Arabic script’s development and howmanuscripts were used. Of course, such early manuscripts also provide evidenceof textual variation, the precise dimensions of which have not alwaysbeen preserved by Muslim tradition. It is worth reiterating, however, that thesevariations are never of such extent that one can doubt the integrity of the textor its doctrinal or legal contents. Overall, the study of early Qur’an manuscriptsis a challenging task, subject to much scholarly speculation and thusdifference of opinion, especially due to the absence of colophons on the availabletexts thought to stem from the Umayyad period. This is generally the resultof the lost first and last pages in such manuscripts, for they are the first tobecome worn and detached and then disappear. Most of those manuscriptsavailable to us today are in a highly fragmented condition.François Déroche is the world’s leading scholar on matters related toQur’an manuscripts. The vast majority of his writing until now has been inFrench; his masterful examination of a single early exemplar, La transmissionécrite du Coran dans les débuts de l’islam, appeared in 2009. Thus many readersto whom his scholarship has not otherwise been accessible will welcomethis book written in English and marketed in a relatively inexpensive paperbackformat. The work originated as a series of four lectures given at the LeidenUniversity Centre for the Study of Islam and Society in 2010. Thoselectures were primarily the result of an extensive use of the resources held inIstanbul’s Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum ...

scholarly journals Legends and Facts About the Life of M. A. Dostoevsky in Darovoe (1837—1839)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-60
Author(s):  
Albina Bessonova
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
Oral Tradition ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Holy Spirit ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Village

The history of the Dostoevsky estate Darovoe, which is an important period in the life of Fyodor Dostoevsky, still contains unresolved issues. The most ambiguous is the fate of the writer's father, who ended his days in Darovoe. The cause of the tragic death of M. A. Dostoevsky and the place of his burial are still controversial. The document from the State Archive of the Tula region, published for the first time, allows to dispel all doubts about the location of the grave of M. A. Dostoevsky. The article examines the history of the issue, including oral tradition, analyzes well-known documentary sources, and the entry in the metric book of the Holy Spirit Church of the village Monogarovо in 1839 confirms the testimony of A. M. Dostoevsky about the burial of his father in the churchyard. The fact of M. A. Dostoevsky's affair with the house serf Ekaterina Alexandrova is questioned, since it was based on rumors and undocumented. The author analyzes the oral tradition phenomenon and its influence on the formation of the image of M. A. Dostoevsky as a cruel landowner killed by peasants out of revenge. New archival documents allow us to revise the stereotypes that have become entrenched in Dostoevsky studies.

Suicidal Ideation in Victims of Sexual Abuse in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Sheraz Ali ◽  
Johar Ali
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Women's Narratives ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Victims Of Sexual Abuse ◽  
First Time ◽  
Research Show

This study focuses on suicidal ideation in victims of sexual abuse. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews of thirty victims of sexual abuse in Khyber Pukhtunkhwah, Pakistan, this paper discusses the theme, i.e. domestic violence, including indiscriminate sexual abuse and the abhorring crime of incest, which remains hidden due to aggressively upheld patriarchal norms of women exploitation. The interviews conducted at six different locations, present women's narratives of their untold plight for the first time. The findings of this research show that among the respondents, only those women had strong suicidal ideations who were the victims of incest. Irritation, aggression and self-deprecating behaviour were strong symptoms of their suicidal temptations. Pain, physical and emotional, caused by overwhelming stress in the form of familial and social hatred, social disconnectedness, burdensomeness and the previous history of violence were the main factors that highly escalated their risk factor in committing suicide

Waiting for the ‘Just King’: The Agrarian World of South-Central Java from Giyanti (1755) to the Java War (1825–30)

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Carey
Keyword(s):  
Colonial Period ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Central Java ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
Religious Ideals ◽  
First Time

Students of Javanese society have long recognized that the Java War (1825–30), the bitter five-year struggle against European colonial rule in Java, constituted a watershed in the history of modern Indonesia. In his recent textbook, Professor Ricklefs has characterized the year 1830 as ‘the beginning of the truly colonial period in Java’, arguing that the Java War marked the transition point between the ‘trading’ era of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the years of ‘colonial’ exploitation ushered in by Johannes van den Bosch's well known ‘cultivation systems’. In military and political terms, the costly Dutch victory over the javanese made them, for the first time in their three and a half centuries of involvement in the archipelago, the undisputed masters of Java. At the same time, scholars of Javanese Islam have suggested that the defeat of the Javanese leader, Dipanagara (1785–1855), and the religious ideals for which he fought (most notably his goal of strengthening the institutional position of Islam in Javanese society), temporarily undermined the morale and self-confidence of the Islamic communities in Java. Specialists in the history of the central Javanese principalities (vorstenlanden), especially those interested in cultural developments, have also seen the Javanese failure in 1825–30 as a setback to the vitality and independence of the Javanese cultural tradition, a time when Javanese society began to turn in on itself and lose something of its strength and flexibility.

scholarly journals Town-Planning Conception of the Livadia Palace and Park Ensemble

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Inessa N. Slyunkova
Keyword(s):  
Road Construction ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
National Romanticism ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Town

The work is devoted to the town-planning heritage of Livadia. For the first time, relying on the graphic design sources of the 1860s and the turn of the XIX - XX centuries, the history of the formation of the ensemble of the new and second after Oreanda imperial residence in the Crimea is revealed. The content and characteristics of the imperial private order in post-reform Russia are considered. The central place is occupied by the design of the ensemble, its functional structure and boundaries, the architectural and spatial development of the territories, the principles of planning and development the issues of park construction and the use of the naturallandscape.In the era of historicism and national romanticism, a new trend in the arrangement of the privatelife of Russian monarchs was the appeal to the examples and traditions of the Russian aristocratic manor. The estate of Livadia, with the established complex of a noble manor, was bought by Alexander II from the heirs of Count L.S. Pototsky and presented to the Empress Maria Alexandrovna. The subject of the study is the town-planning transformation aimed at adapting and further developing the ensemble in order to accommodate the royal famty, the court the retinue, and the extensive system of services.Livadia reconstruction can be divided into two stages. The first is connected with the most intensive transformations of the environment carried out in 1862-1866 undertheleadership of I.A. Monighetti. The architect proposed the concept of a dispersed system of resettlement and placement of new building complexes outside the front of the estate core - auxiliary household military and other services of the residence. An integral part of the plan was road construction and development of infrastructure along with new sections of territories within the boundaries ofland ownershipThe second stage of active construction in Livadia occurred in 1869 - the beginning of the 1880s, and it was mainty directed to social programs. It was the erection of the second church of the estate in the midst of settlement complexes for personnel of the residence services; school for 120 people, etc. The principles of park construction extended to each of the peripheral sections and complexes. The system of water supp^ along with the engineering and technical support service of the estate and surrounding settlements were created. Livadia resembled a city-residence and a city-garden.For the first time the general plans of Livadia that reveal the scale of architectural transformations during the period of possession of the royal family are published.

scholarly journals THE DEATH OF BATRADZ AND THE DEMISEOF BASTARD

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Э.Т. ГУТИЕВА
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Alternative Interpretation ◽  
Historical Event ◽  
The People ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

В контексте признаваемой историчности осетинского нартовского эпоса на основании рассказа англо-нормандского церковного историка XIIв. Ордерика Виталия о смерти и погребении Вильгельма Завоевателя и нартовских кадагов, посвящeнных гибели и захоронению нарта Батрадза, впервые ставится вопрос о сравнении нартовского героя Батрадза с историческим деятелем. Основное внимание уделено следующим сюжетообразующим мотивам: конфликт с народом/высшими силами; жар как причина смерти; смертельное ранение, полученное на поле брани, но не от рук врага; зловонность усопшего; упоминание названия усыпальницы; проблемы при захоронении слишком крупного человека в неподходящую ему по размерам усыпальницу; выплата выкупа за возможность захоронить героя. Решение данного вопроса во многом определяется статусом текста церковной хроники. Признание его валидности может служить основанием для рассмотрения данных нарративов как описаний одного исторического события разными средствами. Такой подход даeт возможность рассматривать алгоритмы мифологизации и институционализации прошлого в народной памяти. Таким прошлым для осетин является история их предков, сармато-аланских племeн. В родословной Вильгельма есть определенные пересечения с аланами, что подтверждается наличием множественных бретонских и нормандских родственников с именем Алан в ближайшем окружении короля. В качестве альтернативной интерпретации допускается возможность возведения текстов к одному первоисточнику, и если рассказ Ордерика является фабрикацией, подражательством существовавшей устной традиции, то отмеченные параллели можно квалифицировать как выход на поверхность архаических пластов, общих для двух традиций. Не исключается вероятность прямого заимствования, вектор, траектории распространения и время которого нуждаются в уточнении. Возможно, данные сюжетные мотивы являются произвольными совпадениями. In the context of the acknowledged historicity of the Ossetian Nart epic, based on the systemic coincidences of the story of the 12th century Anglo-Norman church historian Orderikus Vitalius about the death and burial of William the Conqueror and the Narts’ Kadags dedicated to the death and burial of the Nart Batradz with the historical hero Batradz, the question of comparing the Nart hero Batradz is raised for the first time. The main attention is paid to the following plot-forming motives: conflict with the people / higher powers; extreme heat/fire as the cause of death; mortal wound received on the battlefield, but not at the hands of the enemy; the stench of the deceased; stating the name of the burial-place; problems with burying an oversized corpse in a too narrow tomb; payment of the ransom for the opportunity to bury the hero. The solution to this issue is largely determined by the status of the text of the church chronicle. The recognition of its validity can serve as a basis for considering both types of narratives as descriptions of one historical event by different means. This approach makes it possible to consider the algorythms for the mythologization and institutionalization of the past in the people's memory. Such past for the Ossetians is the history of their ancestors, the Sarmatian-Alan tribes. In the genealogy of William there are certain intersections with the Alans, which is confirmed by the presence of multiple Breton and Norman relatives named Alan in the immediate circle of the king’s kins. As an alternative interpretation, these narrative can be traced to one primary source, and if Orderic's story is a fabrication, an imitation of the existing oral tradition, then the noted parallels can be qualified as an emergence of archaic layers common to the two traditions. The possibility of direct borrowing is not excluded, the vector, propagation trajectories and time of which need to be clarified. Less likely these plot motives are arbitrary coincidences.

scholarly journals Opera and religion: the experience of staging the opera “The Greek Passion” by Bohuslav Martinu in the Ural Opera Ballet Theatre

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-148
Author(s):  
Andrei Gennadievich Shishkin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Bohuslav Martinu ◽  
First Time

Opera “The Greek Passion”, based upon Nikos Kazantzakis’ novel “Christ Recrucified”, demonstrated the Biblical story in “passions” of the XX century: in 2019 it was staged for the first time in Russia by Ural Opera Ballet Theatre. The article analyzes Martinu’s interpretation of the genre of passion, related to music and folk mistrial nature of this genre. Experience of interaction of the theatre in the course of staging the spectacle with representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church is reviewed. The research describes the transformation of conflict between true and false Christianity, the themes of inner transfiguration of a person. Analysis is conducted within the methodological framework of the modern theory and history of culture, in combination of culturological, philosophical and theatrological methods of interpretation. It is noted that the captured by stage directors idea on conversion of Christianity into a part of cultural tradition that can lead to the loss of its spiritual content. A conclusion is made that art and religion can be viewed as the equivalents ways of acquainting with the generally recognized humanistic values.

ПИВО У ПОБУТОВІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ Й ФОЛЬКЛОРІ УКРАЇНЦІВ

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-135
Author(s):  
Admink Admink ◽  
Олександр Курочкін
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Oral Poetry ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Beer Production ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of

Мета статті – простежити основні етапи історії пива на українських землях від доби середньовіччя до початку ХХ ст., розкрити помітну участь цього напою як у матеріальному, так і духовному житті етносу, зокрема, святково-обрядовій культурі й усній поетичній творчості. Методологія. Дослідження проведене на основі міждисциплінарного підходу, шляхом системного аналізу документальних, літературних і фольклорних джерел. Наукова новизна дослідження визначається тим, що історія пива на українських землях вперше висвітлюється з позицій етнокультурології. У фокусі уваги автора національні традиції пивоваріння, типові прийоми і стереотипи використання пива у різних святково-ритуальних контекстах. Евристичну цінність становить оригінальна підбірка документальних і фольклорних текстів, які деталізують зміст обраної теми. Висновки. Проаналізовані матеріали дозволяють констатувати, що пиво здавна відігравало важливу роль у житті й побуті українців. Тривалий час його використовували не лише в якості алкогольного напою, а й як необхідну частину раціону харчування. В ході історичної еволюції виділяються такі типи виробництва пива: домашній (громадський), монастирсьький, мануфактурно-ремісничий, приватно-підприємницький, заводський. The purpose of the article is to trace the main stages of beer history in Ukrainian lands from the Middle Ages to the beginning of the 20th century, to reveal the noticeable participation of this drink both in the material and spiritual life of the ethnic group, in particular, in the festive and ceremonial culture and oral poetry. Methodology. The research was conducted on the basis of an interdisciplinary approach, through a systematic analysis of documentary, literary and folklore sources. The scientific novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the history of beer on Ukrainian lands is covered for the first time from the standpoint of ethno-cultural studies. In the focus of the author's attention are national brewing traditions, typical techniques and stereotypes of using beer in various festive ritual contexts. The original selection of documentary and folklore texts detailing the content of the chosen theme is of heuristic value. Conclusions. The analyzed materials allow to state that beer has long played an important role in the life and household of the Ukrainians. For a long time it was used not only as an alcohol drink, but also as a necessary part of the diet. In the course of historical evolution the following types of beer production are distinguished: domestic (communal), monastic, manufacture craft, private entrepreneurial, factory.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document