The Impact of the Business Environment on the Formalization of Informal Firms. The Case of Kosovo

AbstractThe research presented here investigates the impact of the business environment on the formalization of informal firms, using firm-level data for 243 informal firms in Kosovo. The findings indicate that business-environment variables such as limited access to financing, the cost of financing, the unavailability of subsidies, tax rates, and corruption have a significant negative impact on the formalization of informal firms. In addition, firm-level characteristics analysis suggests that the age of the firm also exercises a significant negative impact, whereas sales volume exerts a significant positive impact on the formalization of informal firms. These findings have important policy implications and suggest that the abolition of barriers preventing access to financing, as well as tax reforms and a consistent struggle against corruption may have a positive influence on the formalization of informal firms. On the other hand, firm owners should consider formalization to be a means to help them have greater opportunities for survival and growth.

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Corporate tax planning and corporate tax disclosure

Meditari Accountancy Research ◽

10.1108/medar-11-2018-0390 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 327-364

Author(s):

Mahfoudh Hussein Mgammal

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Tax Planning ◽

Corporate Tax ◽

Effective Tax Rate ◽

Firm Level ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of corporate tax planning (TP) on tax disclosure (TD). Using tax expenses data set, with the detailed effective tax rate (ETR) by reconciling individual items of income and expenses. Design/methodology/approach A firm-level panel data set is used to analyse 286 non-financial listed companies on Bursa Malaysia that spans the period 2010-2012. Multivariate statistical analyses were run on the sample data. The empirical understanding of TD depends on public sources of data in the financial statement, characterized in the aggregated note of tax expenses. Fitting with Malaysian environment, the authors measured TD using modified ETR reconciling items. Findings Results show that TP, exhibit a robust positive influence on TD. This suggests that TP is related to lower corporate TD. In addition, companies with high TP attempt to mitigate the disclosure problem by increasing various TD. The authors further find significant positive impact between each of firm size and industry dummy, on TD. This means that company-specific characteristics are significant factors affecting corporate TD. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the literature on the effect of TP on TD. It depends on both the signalling theory and the Scholes–Wolfson framework, which are the main theories concerned with TP and TD. Therefore, from a theoretical side, the authors add to the current theories by verifying that users are the party influenced whether positively or negatively, by the extent of TD or the extent of TP activities through Malaysian organizations. Practical implications The evidence found in this paper has important policy and practical implications for the authorities, researchers, decision makers and company managers. The findings can provide them some relevant insights on the importance of TP actions from companies’ perspective and contribute to the discussion of who verifies and deduces from TD directed by companies. Originality/value This paper originality is regarded as the first attempt to examine the impact of TP on TD in a developing country such as Malaysia. Malaysian setting is an interesting one to examine because Malaysia could be similar to other countries in Southeast Asia. Results contribute significant insights to the discussion about TD regarding, which parties are responsible for the verification of TD by firms, and which parties benefit from this disclosure. Findings suggest that companies face a trade-off between tax benefits and TD when selecting the type of their TP.

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The effect of shipping knowledge and absorptive capacity on organizational innovation and logistics value

The International Journal of Logistics Management ◽

10.1108/ijlm-01-2013-0011 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 218-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Eon-Seong Lee ◽

Dong-Wook Song

Keyword(s):

Organizational Performance ◽

Absorptive Capacity ◽

Organizational Innovation ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Business Environment ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Maritime Logistics ◽

Logistics Industry ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine what types of shipping knowledge are crucial in order for shipping companies to survive in dynamic business environment, and to investigate how the shipping knowledge affects the company’s performance (i.e. organizational innovation and logistics value). This paper also diagnoses the moderating effect of absorptive capacity on the relationship between the shipping knowledge and its effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach – Based on the literature, a theoretical framework and relevant hypotheses are established so as to show associated relationships between shipping knowledge, absorptive capacity, and organizational innovation and logistics value. Data are collected for an empirical analysis and a moderated hierarchical regression analysis is conducted to test the hypotheses. Findings – Results show that a high level of shipping knowledge has a positive influence on the organizational innovation and logistics value of shipping companies. The findings also indicate that, while the absorptive capacity of shipping companies moderates the positive impact of shipping knowledge on the logistics value, it directly affects the improvement of organizational innovation. Research limitations/implications – This research verifies that effective knowledge management of shipping companies plays a significant role in developing organizational innovation and improving logistics performance. The research findings provide shipping companies with a strategic insight into the identification of critical sources for competitive advantage and greater organizational performance from an organizational learning perspective. Practical implications – This line of research is served as an indicator of a good strategic direction for the practitioners engaged in the maritime transport and logistics industry, in order for them to become better integrated entities in a global logistics system as well as maximize their competitive advantages. Originality/value – This paper makes the first attempt in its kind at empirically examining the types of shipping knowledge and its overall effectiveness in terms of the improvement of organizational innovation and logistics value. The moderating role of absorptive capacity on the impact of knowledge on organizational performance has also been initiated in the maritime logistics research.

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What Drives Bank Profitability? A Panel Data Analysis of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) ◽

10.20525/ijfbs.v10i2.1236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 96-110

Author(s):

Rana-Al-Mosharrafa ◽

Md. Shahidul Islam

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Panel Data Analysis ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Industry Concentration ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Bank Profitability ◽

Macroeconomic Variables ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

The Impact

Bank profitability plays a significant role in the growth and development of an emerging economy. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of bank characteristics, industry concentration and macroeconomics variables on commercial bank profitability in Bangladesh from 2007-2017. Bank profitability is proxied by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and net interest margin (NIM). The study is based on secondary data and Hausman test has been performed using STATA software in favor of fixed effect modeling. Panel regressions shows that cost efficiency has significant negative impact on ROA and NIM. The positive impact of loan to deposit ratio with ROA suggests that efficient fund management including investment and assessed expenditure should be emphasized. Bank size has significant negative impact on all the measures of profitability, which indicates that monopolistic competition will reduce banking profit. Credit risk has significant positive impacts on ROE. Industry concentration measured by CR3 is positively related with ROE and has significant negative relation with bank profitability (ROA). Among macroeconomic variables inflation has significant positive and bank spread has significant negative impact on ROE. The coefficients of all the macroeconomic variables have been found to be significantly related to bank profitability while measured by NIM. Our study recommends further research with other explanatory variables such as, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and deposit insurance to accelerate the model and construct the econometric model by using structural equation modeling, mediation effect modeling etc.

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Effect of Money Supply on Economic Growth: A Comparative Study of Nigeria and Ghana

International Journal of Social Science Studies ◽

10.11114/ijsss.v7i3.4137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Money Supply ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Ordinary Least Squares ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Least Squares Regression ◽

Monetary Authorities ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

The Impact

The effect of money supply in enhancing economic growth in Nigeria and Ghana is investigated in this study. The major objectives of the study are to establish the joint and individual influences of money supply mechanisms on economic growth in Nigeria and Ghana. The study employs data from 2009 to 2018 and uses Ordinary Least Squares regression technique for analysis of the data. The findings reveal that broad money supply (M2) has an insignificant negative influence on RGDP in Nigeria, but in Ghana the impact is significant and positive. Broad money supply (M3) exerts insignificant positive influence on RGDP in Nigeria, but significant negative impact on RGDP in Ghana while credit to private sectors (CPS) has insignificant positive influence on RGDP in both Nigeria and Ghana. The study among others suggests that the Monetary Authorities in the two countries should come up with monetary policy strategies that will help drive the economy better and such policies should consider M2 and CPS more as their contributions are necessary for economic expansion that lead to more output and employment.

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Scoring Models and Credit Risk: The Case of Cooperative Banks in Poland

Risks ◽

10.3390/risks9070132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Krzysztof Kil ◽

Radosław Ciukaj ◽

Justyna Chrzanowska

Keyword(s):

Statistical Data ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Management Board ◽

Panel Model ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

Cooperative Banks ◽

Lending Activity ◽

The Impact

The aim of the research presented in the article was to analyse the legitimacy of the use of scoring models in banking activities, together with the assessment of the effectiveness of this tool in reducing the high value of the NPL ratio in Polish cooperative banks on the example of banks belonging to the BPS S.A. association in the period between 2004 and 2020. We used a variety of research methods for this purpose including a depth review of the literature, analysis of statistical data regarding the sector of Polish cooperative banks, analysis of financial data of cooperative banks, construction of an econometric panel model, and the designing a questionnaire (which was later sent to the management board of selected cooperative banks). Our research confirmed the significant impact of the use of scoring models in lending activities on the value of the NPL ratio in cooperative banks. The analysed cooperative banks, which used the scoring models proposed by BIK in their lending activity, showed significantly lower values of the NPL ratio in each analysed year than banks that used other scoring models. Our study also confirmed the different direction of the impact of the models offered by BIK and individual scoring models on the value of the NPL ratio. We have also shown that the scoring models proposed by BIK have a statistically significant negative impact on the level of the NPL ratio, and the banks’ own scoring models have a statistically significant positive impact on the level of the NPL ratio.

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Model Kinerja Finansial Pemerintah Daerah Melalui Aset dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah

BALANCE: Economic, Business, Management and Accounting Journal ◽

10.30651/blc.v18i1.6797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Kun Ismawati

Keyword(s):

Financial Performance ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Financial Statements ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Regional Government ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT The research aimed to explore financial performance’s model of the Karanganyar Regency Regional Government. This research tested the impact of size, richness, leverage, and capital expenditure on the financial performance of the Karanganyar Regency Regional Government. Research data were 8 (eight) periods of financial statements. Hypotheses analyzed with multiple linear regression. Analysis results showed that size and richness have a significant positive impact on the financial performance of Karanganyar Regency Regional Government; while leverage and capital expenditure have a significant negative impact on the financial performance of the Karanganyar Regional Government. Those results illustrates that greater size and richness will increase the financial performance; on the contrary, the greater leverage and capital expenditure will decrease the financial performance. The model explored is Y = -75.79 + 109.039X1 + 3.754X2 – 0.582X3 – 0.231X4. Keywords : size; richness; leverage; capital expenditure; regional government financial performanceCorrespondence to : [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan menggali model kinerja finansial Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh ukuran, kekayaan, leverage, dan belanja modal pada kinerja finansial Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Data penelitian ini adalah 8 (delapan) periode laporan keuangan. Hipotesis dianalisis dengan regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ukuran dan kekayaan memiliki dampak positif signifikan pada kinerja finansial Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar; sedangkan leverage dan belanja modal memiliki dampak negatif signifikan terhadap kinerja finansial pada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Karanganyar. Hasil-hasil tersebut menggambarkan bahwa makin besar ukuran dan kekayaan akan meningkatkan kinerja finansial; sebaliknya, makin besar leverage dan belanja modal akan menurunkan kinerja finansial. Model yang tergali adalah: Y = -75.79 + 109.039X1 + 3.754X2 – 0.582X3 – 0.231X4. Kata kunci : ukuran; kekayaan; leverage; belanja modal; kinerja finansial pemerintah daerah

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Human Resource Practices, Job Satisfaction and Perceived Discrimination(s) at the Workplace

International Business Research ◽

10.5539/ibr.v13n9p63 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Tullia Russo ◽

Tindara Addabbo ◽

Ylenia Curzi ◽

Barbara Pistoresi

Keyword(s):

Job Satisfaction ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Work Group ◽

Human Resources Management ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Hrm Practices ◽

Selection Of Variables ◽

European Working ◽

The Impact

This research contributes to the debate in the human resources management (HRM) literature by examining the impact of some HRM practices on workers’ overall job satisfaction and the determinants of workers’ perception of discrimination. The novelty of our study consists in the deepening of the relation between HRM practices and the employees’ perception of discrimination in workplace: a largely unexplored topic, until now. Our aim is to add value to existing literature by assessing the synergy effect between perception of discrimination and HRM practices on workers’ job satisfaction, performing a probit regression analysis of a selection of variables drawn from the sixth wave of European Working Condition Survey data, collected in 2015. We also provide a comparison of different types of discrimination, examining the moderating effect of the perception of discrimination on the relationship between HRM practices and employees’ job satisfaction, assuming that the strength of the above relation is weaker for discriminated workers. Our findings highlight that HRM practices we analysed (except for autonomy of the work-group and job-intensity) have a positive impact on workers’ satisfaction and reduce the perception of discrimination. Moreover, we find that the perception of every kind of discrimination have a negative impact on workers’ job satisfaction. Our results also suggest that the perception of discrimination has a moderator role in the relation between HRM practices and job satisfaction. Policy implications are finally discussed.

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Green Economy and Sustainable Development: The Economic Impact of Innovation on Employment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10103541 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 3541 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Luigi Aldieri ◽

Concetto Vinci

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Knowledge Diffusion ◽

Economic Incentives ◽

Policy Implications ◽

Green Economy ◽

Job Displacement ◽

Firm Level ◽

Displacement Effect ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the knowledge diffusion process in employment effects of sustainable development investments for large international firms. We present an empirical analysis based upon a dataset composed of worldwide Research and Development (R&D) -intensive firms over the period 2002–2010. In order to identify the technological relatedness measure between the firms, we use the friendly environmental patents’ distribution. The drivers of labor innovation effects are identified as a complex combination of job displacement and compensation forces of innovation. Two research questions are investigated: first, we wonder whether green economy investments stimulate firm-level jobs within three different environmental contexts: water, waste and energy; second, we would like to learn the extent to which the knowledge diffusion is an important channel supporting labor in the environmental context, by analysing the impact of intra-industry externalities. From the empirical results, we can observe that environmental spillovers have a negative impact, by confirming the prevalence of the displacement effect. This finding is extremely important for policy implications. Indeed, not only economic incentives to allow the transition to cleaner technologies are required, but also stronger actions to favor job creation relative to environmental activities are needed for a full sustainable achievement of firms.

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A Study on the Impact of Linguistic Persuasive Styles on the Sales Volume of Live Streaming Products in Social E-commerce Environment

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9131576 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (13) ◽

pp. 1576

Author(s):

Hanyang Luo ◽

Sijia Cheng ◽

Wanhua Zhou ◽

Sumin Yu ◽

Xudong Lin

Keyword(s):

Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Purchase Behavior ◽

Live Streaming ◽

Sales Volume ◽

Linguistic Style ◽

Negative Effect ◽

The Impact

Live-stream shopping is developing rapidly, but the sales levels of live streaming products vary by different hosts. How to increase the sales volume of live streaming products has become a problem. Consumers’ purchase behavior in live streaming is determined by some subjective factors, and the persuasiveness of linguistic style affects this subjective judgment to a certain extent. Therefore, the persuasiveness of the hosts’ linguistic style will lead to changes in consumers’ purchase intentions, which will affect the sales volume of products sold in the live streaming. Based on Hovland’s persuasion model, Aristotle’s rhetoric skills, text analysis, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic extraction model and grounded theory, this study divides the host’s linguistic persuasive style in the social e-commerce environment into five types: appealing to personality, appealing to logic, appealing to emotion, appealing to reward, and appealing to exaggeration. Combined with the sales volume of the product, we establish a regression model, and obtain the influence results of the host’s various linguistic persuasive styles on the sales of live streaming products. The results show that: the linguistic persuasive style of appealing to personality has the greatest positive impact on the sales volume of live broadcast products, but the linguistic style of appealing to logic has a negative impact. Interestingly, the same linguistic style has different effects for different types of products: the linguistic style of appealing to exaggeration has a negative effect on the sales volume of apparel products, but it has a positive influence on the sales volume of digital electrical products. Therefore, different linguistic styles should be used for different product types.

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Pengaruh Dimensi Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Loyalitas Penumpang Trans Padang

Jurnal Ecogen ◽

10.24036/jmpe.v3i4.10501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 562

Author(s):

Aris Agung Wicaksono ◽

Okki Trinanda

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Sample Size ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Total Sample ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

In Trans ◽

The Impact

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of service quality in passenger retention in Trans Padang. These researchs were descriptive and quantitative. The study consist of residents in Padang, who frequently use the Trans Padang Pasar Raya – Lubuk Buaya route. The data used were primary and secondary data. We used questionnaires and documents. The sample of this technique was a targeted sample with a total sample size of 100 respondents. This analysis method had been use repeatedly with SPSS version 23 regrression analysis. The hypothesis study uses in this data analysis such as validation, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, heterogeneity, F-test, and T-statistic test at a = 0.05. the result of this study show that 1)Reliability had a significant negative impact on passenger loyality in Trans Padang. 2)Responsibility had a significant positive impact on the loyality of Trans Padang. 3)assurance had a significant positive impact on the loyality of Trans Padang. 4) Empathy had a significant positive impact on the loyality of Trans Padang. 5)Tangible had a significant negative impact on the loyality of Trans Padang passengers.Keywords : reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, tangible and loyalty

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