A Generalized Method for the Comparable and Rigorous Calculation of the Polytropic Efficiencies of Turbocompressors

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Dimitrakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
High Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Average Relative Error ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Jet Engines ◽  
End Points ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe calculation of polytropic efficiencies is a very important task, especially during the development of new compression units, like compressor impellers, stages and stage groups. Such calculations are also crucial for the determination of the performance of a whole compressor. As processors and computational capacities have substantially been improved in the last years, the need for a new, rigorous, robust, accurate and at the same time standardized method merged, regarding the computation of the polytropic efficiencies, especially based on thermodynamics of real gases. The proposed method is based on the rigorous definition of the polytropic efficiency. The input consists of pressure and temperature values at the end points of the compression path (suction and discharge), for a given working fluid. The average relative error for the studied cases was 0.536 %. Thus, this high-accuracy method is proposed for efficiency calculations related with turbocompressors and their compression units, especially when they are operating at high power levels, for example in jet engines and high-power plants.

Implementation of an Approach for Characterisation of Radiological Inventory for Decommissioning at Chinon A2 NPP

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Traichel ◽  
F. Tardy ◽  
M. Mummert
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Measurement Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Local Sampling

A general overview of the existing radioactive inventory in the plant is necessary for the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. Based on the knowledge about radiological inventory, appropriate decommissioning techniques and procedures can be specifically used. In order to derive the existing radiological activity in the facility a study was carried out to obtain a representative overview of the total radiological situation at the NPP. Within a study a generic methodology for the radiological characterization was developed. This methodology has been applied on the CO2-circuit of the gas-cooled, graphite-moderated reactor Chinon A2 (MAGNOX type). This paper covers the implementation of an approach for characterisation of radiological inventory for decommissioning. The approach aims at the definition of the number and distribution of local sampling, required measurements as well as suitable measurement systems leading to a confident result with minimized effort in sampling. The paper covers two main objectives: 1. Methodology at and 2. Determination of radiological inventory based on measured data. The proposed methodology is a stepwise procedure which offers the possibility for minimizing the number of required measurements/sample analyses. At the first step the underlying system is an “as-simple-as-possible”-example with homogeneous contamination. In a second step the methodology is expanded to a more realistic and complex system, for which additional investigations have to be performed. The determination of the radiological inventory using the methodology has to consider a given confidence level and maximum allowed error. Therefore statistical assessment is widely used in estimations. The result of this first part of study generates the basis for further investigation. This comprises application of methodology to the mentioned technical system. Therefore corresponding measurement and analysis data have to be delivered and proven regarding adequacy for the proposed methodology. From the dataset various measurement systematic and retained parameters could be derived. The accuracy of given measured data was checked by further examination. The result of the performed analysis leads to a statement about the activity in the primary circuit. The result of this study is an comprehensive estimation of the activity by defined statistical processing of analysed data. The result consists moreover of the analysis of the measurement plan and of distribution and deviation within the measured data. Suggestions for further measurement campaigns are provided based on the deviations and inconsistencies of the data. With the help of these suggestions it should be possible to decrease the number of samples and measuring data as well as improve the comparability of separate measurement processes. Particular potential for improvement of the result for inventory can be seen in a deeper analysis of uncertainties, this was realised and will be explained in the paper.

Analysis of Emergency Staffing for Nuclear Power Plants

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-186
Author(s):  
Michael K. Lindell
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Staffing Levels ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Staffing Requirements ◽  
Analysis Determination

Determination of staffing requirements for response to nuclear plant emergencies should be based upon task analysis in order to ensure that emergency functions can be performed in any type of accident. The method of analysis must recognize the differences between personnel performance in normal and emergency conditions and the limited information available for analysis of emergency tasks. A four-phase method is described that consists of generic analysis (identification of general emergency functions and tasks), situational analysis (definition of the characteristics of the classes of emergencies that can occur), quantitative analysis (determination of workloads, by position) and sensitivity analysis (examination of the degree to which changes in assumptions produce changes in required staffing levels).

Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Methyl Anthranilate in Wine

1976 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1387-1389
Author(s):  
Richard R Nelson ◽  
Terry E Acree ◽  
Chang Y Lee ◽  
Robert M Butts
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Average Relative Error ◽  
Methyl Anthranilate ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic Determination ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Ethanol In Water

Abstract A method is described for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of methyl anthranilate in wine. Methyl anthranilate is extracted with Freon 113 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane), concentrated, and quantitated by comparing the peak area with that of an internal standard (p-di-n-butoxybenzene). A synthetic wine solution (12% ethanol in water) as well as White Riesling and Concord wines containing various concentrations of added methyl anthranilate were analyzed. Recovery of methyl anthranilate in the range of 0.1–10 mg/L averaged 100.26% with an average relative error of 3.94%. The method is both rapid and reliable.

Determination of Amaranth in cocktail by synchronous three-dimensional fluorescence spectrometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (34n36) ◽  
pp. 1840105
Author(s):  
Chun Zhu ◽  
Xin-Shu Song ◽  
Cong-Hai Zhu ◽  
Guo-Qing Chen ◽  
Tuo Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Average Relative Error ◽  
Correction Algorithm ◽  
Spectroscopy Technique ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Parallel Factor

Three-dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectra and synchronous 3D fluorescence spectra are used to analyze the concentration of Amaranth in commercial cocktails by Parallel Factor Correction Algorithm. The former average relative error of the Amaranth in the commercial cocktail is 15%, and the latter average relative error is less than 4.0%. The results show that the synchronous fluorescence spectrum can improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the fluorescence spectroscopy technique greatly, and it has obvious advantages on analysis of the complex multi-components system. Finally, the content of Amaranth in the cocktail (about [Formula: see text]) is much lower than that of the national standard by using synchronous data combined with parallel factor analysis of the content of Amaranth.

scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment of Cooling Water Chemistry for Fusion Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-530
Author(s):  
Eugenio Lo Piccolo ◽  
Raffaele Torella ◽  
Nicholas Terranova ◽  
Luigi Di Pace ◽  
Claudia Gasparrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Dual Approach ◽  
Corrosion Susceptibility ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Additional Safety

The determination of the water chemistry for cooling systems of nuclear fusion plants is under debate. It should be tailored for different types of fusion reactors: either experimental, e.g., ITER, JT-60SA, and DTT, or aimed at power generation, e.g., DEMO, given the different operation requirements. This paper presents the dual approach involving experiments and computer simulations chosen for the definition of DEMO water chemistry. Experimental work was performed to assess the corrosion susceptibility of reduced activation ferritic martensitic EUROFER 97 and AISI 316L in different water chemistry regimes. At the same time, the low corrosivity requirement brings an additional safety aspect for the radiation protection since some neutron-activated corrosion products (ACPs) create a gamma radiation when deposited outside the plasma chamber in components accessible to operators and these must be minimized. To evaluate the ACP inventory for DEMO, assessments were carried out using a reference computer code. Preliminary experimental activities to define the water chemistry of DTT under construction at ENEA were also conducted. The comparison of code results with experiments is two-fold important: for the validation of the computer code models and to determine data that are necessary to perform calculations.

scholarly journals Determination of Nicotine Extracted from Eggplant and Green Pepper by HPLC

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 0061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Hashim Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Green Pepper ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Relative Recovery ◽  
Recovery Percentage

Nicotine was separated from eggplant and green pepper seeds (Solanaceous) by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).The concentration of nicotine in the eggplant extract (0.871-0.877 μg/ml) was determined by injecting standard material with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml, while the concentrations of nicotine in green pepper extract (0.613-0.618 μg/ml) was determined when the standard material was injected with 0.5 and 1.5 μg/ml. The qualitative chemical data was calculated from derivations of the standard material. Nicotine concentration was measured qualitatively in both extracts through the calibration curve and method of the standard addition. This technique has high accuracy and compatibility, bringing the proportion of relative recovery percentage of nicotine extracted from eggplant seeds to 95.880-103.104% and relative error of -4.119-3.104%. Relative recovery percentage   of nicotine extracted from green pepper seeds was 97.284 -103.518 % and relative error was -2.716-3.518%.

Determination of Heat of Reaction in Supercritical Water

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiko Matsumura ◽  
Go Tsujimoto ◽  
Takuro Konishi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Loss ◽  
Temperature Change ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Supercritical Water ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Heat Of Reaction ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Tube Reactor ◽  
Direct Measurements

The heat of reactions in supercritical water is difficult to measure. Our group fabricated a new reactor to enable the measurement of this heat with extremely high accuracy. The system consisted of a single, insulated tube reactor. The reaction heat was determined by the temperature change of the flow caused by the heat. We found, however, that the heat loss of the reactor compromised the measurements accuracy. Though small, this factor was impossible to completely remove, especially when the reaction was fast or the flow was slow. To compensate, we measured the heat loss and used the measured value to correct our calculation of the reaction heat. The direct measurements of the reaction heat agreed well with the calculated values, with relative error of only around 5% up to reaction heats as large as 100 kJ/kg-water.

6. Evaluation of Five Extraction Protocols for Determination of Endotoxin in Metal Working Fluid Aerosol

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bartlett ◽  
J. Phipps ◽  
K. Kulhankova ◽  
P. Thorne
Keyword(s):  
Working Fluid ◽  
Metal Working

State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Eylem Özkaya Lassalle
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
State Failure ◽  
The Political ◽  
Collective Violence ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document