scholarly journals Conceptualising Destination Membership Cards for Elite Travellers

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Thirumaran ◽  
Emiel L. Eijdenberg
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
The State ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

Abstract This study explores two different destination membership card models with the aim of developing a comprehensive framework for understanding this aspect of elite travel. Through a comparative analysis of the different types of destination membership cards, we develop a model that situates tourism knowledge and suggests areas of further research in this under-explored area. Two important destination membership card models are identified: state supported and private sector based. The state-supported agent offers privileged membership, consolidates resources, and creates exclusive experiences. Conversely, the private-sector-based agent tends to amass the resources offered by destination businesses to create exclusive services and provide special access to resources. Both types are significant agents that channel and empower travellers in the high-end segment, thereby creating further differentiation in products and services in the context of market segmentation.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FORMATION PROBLEMS IMAGE OF THE STATE SERVICE AND PRIVATE SECTOR OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
M. Nurtazin
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
State Service ◽  
The Stability

At present, consistent work is being carried out in Kazakhstan to ensure stability in all spheres of public life, the stability of the domestic system of power and administration, predictability and openness of power structures.

Fictions of Surplus

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-61
Author(s):  
Brett Christophers ◽  
Heather Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Land ◽  
National Context ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Per Se

This chapter, focusing comparatively on the Canadian and UK experiences, explores one particular component of the wide-ranging work involved in privatizing and commodifying public land: the discursive component. It turns to a context where land commodification is driven less by extra-economic force and more by the lure of economic efficiency. The chapter examines the land “fictions” or legitimizing narratives — not just about land per se but about the different types of owners it can have — to rationalize and justify the process of commodification. It reveals that the kernel of these fictions is the particular idea invoked by the state that public land is often “surplus” land, and thus free to be commodified. The chapter details how surplus labels are readied, and land released to the private sector, through techniques of (dis)incentivization, the normalization of public land disposal practices, and the transfer of authority to different actors. Ultimately, the chapter presents three main sections: some essential preparatory material, the pivotal concept of “surplus,” considering its distinctive articulation and coloring in each national context, and the ways in which these fictions of surplus are brought to life.

Religion and the Regime

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-712
Author(s):  
Karrie J. Koesel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
The State ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Religion And State ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Religious Actors ◽  
Gain Access

What is the nature of religion and state relations in authoritarian regimes? How do religious and regime actors negotiate the terms of their relationship;what do the two sides want from one another; and how cooperative or conflictual are their interactions? To address these questions, the author compares religion-regime relations in contemporary Russia and China—two autocracies with long histories of religious repression, diverse religious profiles, and distinct relations between religion and the state. The article introduces a new theoretical framework anchored in interests and subnational authoritarian politics to explain how religious and political authorities negotiate their relationship and the constraints and opportunities that shape their interaction. Although there are many reasons to expect different types of religion-regime relations across Russia and China, the data demonstrate that subnational governments and diverse religious actors often forge innovative partnerships to govern more efficiently, gain access to resources, and safeguard their survival.

scholarly journals Evaluation of deep learning architectures applied to identification of diseases in grape leaves

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio R. S. Oliveira ◽  
Felipe C. Farias ◽  
Bernardo João de Barros Caldas
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Response Time ◽  
The State ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Corrective Actions ◽  
Learning Architectures ◽  
Grape Cultivars

Vale do São Francisco in Pernambuco is one of the most economically important poles in the state and among its cultivars, it is worth mentioning the grape culture. This sector faces challenges related to the response time between identifying a field infestation and taking corrective actions, in order to minimize losses. This work comprises a comparative analysis between deep learning architectures, applied to identification of diseases in grape cultivars. Results suggest that the use of these technologies is plausible to differentiate healthy grape leaves from leaves presenting one of three different types of diseases, obtaining near 100% accuracy in studied database using an architecture that can be employed in embedded devices.

Assessment of Designated Managers of Public Marinas From the Viewpoint of User’s Convenience

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Katayama ◽  
Takeo Kondo ◽  
Kazukiyo Yamamoto ◽  
Shuta Watanabe ◽  
Bungo Okuzawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Conventional Management ◽  
Before And After

Coastal spaces (including land areas and sea areas) in Japan are managed by the state or local governments, and their private use by individuals was not allowed unless contribution to public interest was ensured. Since the Designated Manager System for public facilities was established in 2003, management of an increasing number of public facilities based on the Local Autonomy Laws has been consigned to private sectors (called “designated managers”) nominated through the decisions of the local councils, rather than to public bodies based on the conventional “Management Commission System.” Regarding marinas including land areas and sea areas, we conducted a comparative analysis of their convenience, comfort, serviceability, and so forth before and after introduction of the Designated Manager System from the viewpoint of marina users to discuss how the private sector should manage coastal regions.

scholarly journals Transforming Conditions of Feminist and LGBTI+ Activism

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-142
Author(s):  
Selin Çağatay ◽  
Mia Liinason ◽  
Olga Sasunkevich
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Access To Resources ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Everyday Work

AbstractThis chapter provides an in-depth understanding of the conditions for feminist and LGBTI+ activism in Russia, Turkey, and Scandinavia, including legislative frames, access to resources and funding, employment conditions, and geographical and geopolitical locality. Instead of taking the relations between the state, civil society, and feminist and LGBTI+ activists for granted as an overarching explanatory model for comparative analysis, the chapter examines the multifaceted nature of the relations between the state, civil society and feminist and LGBTI+ activists in Russia, Turkey, and Scandinavia. Further, the chapter scrutinizes transnational, national, and local scales that influence the conditions of activism across the three research contexts. The discussions in the chapter are wrapped up by an interrogation of how donor politics influence the activist agenda in Russia, Turkey, and Scandinavia and of what resistant practices activists lean on in their everyday work.

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