Gregory H. Snyder, Hg.: Christian Teachers in Second-Century Rome: Schools and Students in the Ancient City, Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae 159, Leiden (Brill) 2020, X + 219 S., ISBN 978-90-04-42247-6, € 115,–.

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-512
Author(s):  
Peter Gemeinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Christian Teachers

Ai Khanum Reconstructed

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUY LECUYOT
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphic ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Reconstruction Project ◽  
The City ◽  
Japanese Television

This chapter discusses the computer graphic (CG) reconstruction of the ancient city of Ai Khanum. The CG reconstruction project was initiated by a Japanese television producer and the completed images showed the picture of Ai Khanum as a town during the middle of the second century BC, which corresponds to the final architectural phase of the city. The chapter explains that Ai Khanum is a key element for understanding the Hellenization of the East.

scholarly journals Plato in Bad Company? Plato’s Republic (588b–589b) in the Nag Hammadi Collection: A Re-Examination of Its Background

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-187
Author(s):  
Piotr Ashwin-Siejkowski
Keyword(s):  
Christian Ethics ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Nag Hammadi ◽  
Clement Of Alexandria ◽  
Christian Teachers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bad Company ◽  
Sexual Immorality

Abstract The Coptic translation of a passage from Plato’s Republic (588b–589b) found in the sixth Codex of the Nag Hammadi collection has received very limited academic attention in comparison with other tractates from the same Codex. This paper argues that placing this passage within Clement of Alexandria’s polemic with Christian Platonists Carpocrates and his son Epiphanes, may provide a fresh and insightful comment on the use of Republic, with its anthropology and ethics among various second-century Christian teachers. This passage allegorizes various passions within the human soul and warns against injustice. According to Clement of Alexandria the subject of justice, or righteousness, was one of the subjects which attracted the attention of Epiphanes. I propose that the origin of the Coptic passage goes back to the second-century effort to assimilate Platonic ideas about the human soul into Christian ethics. Although various apologists accused Carpocrates and Epiphanes of sexual immorality, I focus on the possibility that Christians with Platonic tendencies were exploring the nature and power of human passions and considering how they could be controlled. The place of the excerpt in the Nag Hammadi collection is not coincidental but goes along other mythological and didactic treatises within.

Cultural Choice and Political Identity in Honorific Portrait Statues in the Greek East in the Second Century A.D.

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 56-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Cultural Choice ◽  
Greek East ◽  
Set Up

The towns of the Middle Roman Empire have left an array of grand columned marble architecture that makes classical sites, from Merida to Ephesus, still so imposing for the modern viewer. The great benefactors who paid for this strange marble culture and for everything else thought worthwhile in an ancient city received large public portrait statues set up on tall elegant moulded bases, set either in columned façades or posted around town at focal points of urban life (see below, Figs 1–2). In their method of signification these statue monuments shared more with poster hoardings than the gallery objects we think of as art. That is, they combined a commanding image with a loud complementary text. They were also different from the public statues of our own times in at least three other important respects — in their prominence, in their sheer quantity, and in that they mostly represented living persons. They were not isolated memorials but potent markers in local politics and aristocratic competition. Architectural setting, inscribed base, statue costume, and styled portrait head all combined to make sometimes complex statements about the subject.

scholarly journals Art. XXI.—Tagara; Tēr.

1901 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-552
Author(s):  
J. F. Fleet
Keyword(s):  
Second Century ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

For more than a century, Indian archæologists have been greatly puzzled about the identity of an ancient city named Tagara. The city is referred to in some of the Indian epigraphic records. Thus, a record of a.d. 997 describes the Śilāhāra prince Aparājita, of the Northern Koṅkaṇ, as Tagara-pura-paramēśvara, or “ supreme lord of the town of Tagara,” giving to him a hereditary title commemorative of the place which his family claimed as its original home. Another Śilāhāra record, of a.d. 1058, similarly applies to Mārasiṁha, of the Karhāḍ branch of the family, the title of Tagara-puravar-ādhīśvara, or “ supreme lord Tagara, a best of towns, an excellent town, a chief town;” and it further describes his grandfather Jatiga II. more specifically, but less accurately, as Tagara-nagara-bhūpālaka, or “ king of the city of Tagara.” And a Western Chalukya record of a.d. 612 specifies Tagara as the residence of the person to whom the grant of a village, registered in that charter, was made. The city is further mentioned, as Tagara, by the Greek geographer Ptolemy, who, writing about the middle of the second century a.d., assigned to it a certain latitude and longitude which have the effect of placing it about eighty-seven miles towards the north-east from another place, mentioned by him as Baithana, which his details would locate about 270 miles on the east-north-east of Barygaza.

Excavations at Lincoln. Third Interim Report: Sites outside the Walled City 1972–1977

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Jones ◽  
Margaret J. Darling ◽  
Brian Gilmour ◽  
R. H. Jones ◽  
K. F. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Iron Age ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

SummaryExcavations outside the walled area (of the ancient city) have added much to our knowledge of Lincoln's historical development and have demonstrated the potential of the suburbs for further problem-orientated investigations. Evidence was recovered in 1972 for a late Iron Age settlement on the east bank of the Brayford to the south of the later Roman city. The Ermine Street frontage here was heavily built up from the mid-second century for a distance of at least 400 m. from the south gate of the extended colonia. Only slight traces of Roman occupation, however, have been recovered outside the east and west walls of the lower town. Investigation of the medieval suburb of Butwerk revealed a sequence of domestic structures from its origin c. A.D. 1000 through to the post-medieval period, while the development of the ecclesiastical site of St. Mark's church in Wigford reflected to a large extent the changing fortunes of this important southern suburb. Limited work on the north and east banks of Brayford Pool exposed remains of early medieval waterfronts, but the exploitation of the city's waterside is as yet little understood. Further progress has been made in understanding the structures connected with the water supply to the Roman city, and an interesting Roman tile kiln 10 km. south-east of the city is also described.

scholarly journals DIGITAL MODELS AND 3D VISUALIZATION IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXTS. THE SURVEY OF THE TOMBS OF THE KINGS IN THE CITY OF VERGHINA IN MACEDONIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-4/W3-2020 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
L. Corniello ◽  
A. De Cicco
Keyword(s):  
3D Visualization ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Parametric Modelling ◽  
Philip Ii ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The City

Abstract. The research presents the results of the non-invasive survey campaign conducted at the archaeological site of the city of Verghina in Macedonia. Through the consolidated processes of the disciplines of representation, such as digital surveying, point cloud, flat surface processing, 3D modeling and multi-resolution visualization, it is proposed a path of knowledge of the city and the finds that are the subject of the research. Of great interest is the operational process illustrated both on the basis of the problems that emerged and the solutions adopted in the survey phases. As part of the study, the structures present in the city of Verghina and in the natural area known as the Great Mound, where the Royal Tombs are located, were investigated. The hill of land 13 meters high and 110 meters wide preserves the remains of the ancient city buried in the second century BC to escape the pillage of enemy armies. The research has dealt with the three structures present, namely the Tomb of Philip II, the Tomb of Alexander IV (son of Alexander the Great) and the Tomb of Persephors. The investigations conducted aim to document the current state of the places through digital surveys and parametric modelling, proposing, in addition, the visualization of 3D images through multi-resolution systems derived from the bases of the survey previously carried out.

The Hellenistic inscriptions of Old Paphos

1961 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Mitford
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Second Century ◽  
The South ◽  
Lime Kilns ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Temple

The ruins of Old Paphos are now occupied by the village of Kouklia, some 10 miles to the south-south-east of (New) Paphos which lies below Ktima in western Cyprus. Since Old Paphos capital of an ancient city-kingdom, was alike the ecumenical centre of Aphrodite-worship and the ἰερόν of New Paphos, capital of Cyprus for the Ptolemies seemingly from the outset of the second century B.C., its Hellenistic inscriptions are relatively abundant. These I first examined in 1936. I have since then repeatedly revisited the site, to add to the unpublished and to rediscover others long lost. Finally, from 1950 to 1955 excavations were conducted in the area of the Aphrodite temple and in the outskirts of Kouklia, to make a notable enlargement of the total. Here into a handlist of the known inscriptions I incorporate the formal publication of the new material and, wherever this may call for fuller treatment, a greater emphasis on the old.It will be seen from the preceding classification of the documents that there is numerically remarkable disproportion between their classes. Whereas the hard local limestones used for the statue-bases could be employed repeatedly as building material, the dice have been heavily weighted against the survival of the fine, white marbles: two lime-kilns which in 1888 were still squatting on the temple site explain the rarity of these.

Memory, Commemoration & Identity in an Ancient City: The Case of Aphrodisias

Daedalus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelos Chaniotis
Keyword(s):  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Second Century ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Greek City ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Provincial Capital

The ancient Greek city of Aphrodisias in Asia Minor presents abundant source material–inscriptions and images–for the study of memory and identity from the late second century bce to the seventh century ce. These sources permit the study of overlapping civic, social, and religious identities, the expression of changing identities through name changes, the significance of memories of war and foundation legends for the transmission of collective and cultural memory, the agency of elite benefactors and intellectuals, the role played by inscriptions in the construction and transmission of memory, and the adaptation of identity to changing contexts, including emerging contacts with Rome, competition with other cities, an elevated position as provincial capital, and the spread of Christianity. In late antiquity–when the importance of religious conflicts increased–personal names, religious symbols, and acclamations became an important medium for the expression of the identity of competing religious groups.

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