scholarly journals A null theory of scrambling

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-405
Author(s):  
Hubert Haider
Keyword(s):  
Structural Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract Grammars are decomposable. On the one hand, an adequate characterization of a given utterance factorizes the contributions of each subsystem of grammar and on the other hand, it thereby reduces the apparent overall complexity to the interaction of less complex subsystems. Scrambling is an apt showcase. Its complicated properties are not inherent properties of a syntactic construction but the result of the interaction of phrase structuring with other subsystems of grammar, and in particular with the information-structuring (IS) subsystem of pragmatics. Scrambling is “utilized” rather than “triggered”. In general, when syntax admits structural variation, this potential is captured and utilized by other subsystems of grammar. Germanic and Slavic languages are handy testimonies for rejecting syntactic trigger scenarios not only for scrambling but also for other constructions with displaced items. Cross-linguistically, scrambling is not a matter of syntactical determinism. For an adequate syntactical account of scrambling it is sufficient to understand and explain the structural conditions that make a language a scrambling language. The pragmatic functions that utilize scrambling structures are not a concern of syntax. They are syntactically not causal and epiphenomenal to syntax.

A Characterization of the Topological Dimension

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
Gerd Rodé
Keyword(s):  
Hausdorff Space ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Numbers ◽  
Topological Dimension ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

AbstractThis paper gives a new characterization of the dimension of a normal Hausdorff space, which joins together the Eilenberg-Otto characterization and the characterization by finite coverings. The link is furnished by the notion of a system of faces of a certain type (N1,..., NK), where N1,..., NK, K are natural numbers. It is shown that a space X contains a system of faces of type (N1,..., NK) if and only if dim(X) ≥ N1 + … + NK. The two limit cases of the theorem, namely Nk = 1 for 1 ≤ k ≤ K on the one hand, and K = 1 on the other hand, give the two known results mentioned above.

scholarly journals ON THE DEFINITIONS OF SOBOLEV AND BV SPACES INTO SINGULAR SPACES AND THE TRACE PROBLEM

2007 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 473-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID CHIRON
Keyword(s):  
Sobolev Spaces ◽  
Metric Spaces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dirichlet Energy ◽  
Singular Spaces ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

The purpose of this paper is to relate two notions of Sobolev and BV spaces into metric spaces, due to Korevaar and Schoen on the one hand, and Jost on the other hand. We prove that these two notions coincide and define the same p-energies. We review also other definitions, due to Ambrosio (for BV maps into metric spaces), Reshetnyak and finally to the notion of Newtonian–Sobolev spaces. These last approaches define the same Sobolev (or BV) spaces, but with a different energy, which does not extend the standard Dirichlet energy. We also prove a characterization of Sobolev spaces in the spirit of Bourgain, Brezis and Mironescu in terms of "limit" of the space Ws,p as s → 1, 0 < s < 1, and finally following the approach proposed by Nguyen. We also establish the [Formula: see text] regularity of traces of maps in Ws,p (0 < s ≤ 1 < sp).

Entitlement Theories of Justice: From Nozick to Roemer and Beyond

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. van der Veen ◽  
Philippe Van Parijs
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Robert Nozick ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Entitlement Theory ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
Principle Of Justice ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
The One ◽  
Alternative Theories

In Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Robert Nozick contrasts entitlement theories of justice and “traditional” theories such as Rawls', utilitarianism or egalitarianism, and advocates the former against the latter. What exactly is an entitlement theory (or conception or principle) of justice? Nozick's book offers two distinct characterizations. On the one hand, he explicitly describes “the general outlines of the entitlement theory” as maintaining “that the holdings of a person are just if he is entitled to them by the principles of justice in acquisition and transfer, or by the principle of rectification of injustice (as specified by the first two principles of just acquisition and transfer)” (Nozick, 1974, p. 153). On the other hand, his famous “Wilt Chamberlain” argument against alternative theories is first said to apply to (all) “non-entitlement conceptions” (p. 160), and later to any “end-state principle or distributional patterned principle of justice” (p. 163) — which amounts to an implicit characterization of an entitlement conception (theory, principle) as a conception of justice which is neither end-state nor patterned.

scholarly journals The Unnoble Nobles: Notes on Shakespeare’s Masterful Characterization in Macbeth

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Zohreh Ramin ◽  
Alireza Shafinasab
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Commercial World ◽  
Complex Characterization ◽  
The One

When writing Macbeth, Shakespeare faced a moral and aesthetic challenge. On the one hand, he had drawn the story of Macbeth from Holinshed's Chronicles, in which Banquo is depicted as an accomplice in the murder of King Duncan. On the other hand Banquo was believed to be the ancestor of King James, Shakespeare’s patron. Shakespeare had to write a play that at once pleased King James, remained true to the spirit of history, and could be a popular hit in the commercial world of Jacobean theatre, all seemingly contradictory ends because of the problem with the character of Banquo. So Shakespeare characterizes him in a different manner from his sources. The new characterization served a number of purposes. The most important reason for the alternation was to please King James, the alleged descendant of Banquo. Other than that, there is the dramatic purpose of creating a foil character for Macbeth, who can highlight Macbeth's characteristics. The presence of a noble Banquo also shows that human being can resist evil, as does Banquo. These points have been emphasized in many writings on Macbeth, which mean that Shakespeare's Banquo is an innocent man, a seemingly deviation from history. The present paper, however, tries to examine Shakespeare's complex characterization of Banquo which must meet those seemingly contradicting ends, a characterization far more ambivalent and artful than simple political affiliations might suggest. It will be shown that Shakespeare's Banquo not only is not simply an innocent man he seems to be at the first reading, but he could be as murderous as Macbeth himself. The only difference between the two is that one acts sooner than the other.

scholarly journals Беларуская лінгвістычная тэрміналогія: праблемы фіксацыі і функцыянавання

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 259-276
Author(s):  
Яўгенiя [IAŭheniia] Волкава [Volkava]
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indefinite Pronoun ◽  
The One

Belarusian linguistic terminology: some problems of functioning and fixationThe article considers functioning and fixation of the Belarusian linguistic terminology. Scientific papers, textbooks for schools and universities, terminological and general­purpose dictionaries are under consideration.Brief excursus on the history of the Belarusian linguistics showed the diversity and randomness of the terms creation processes. Contradictions in the views of linguists on the development of the Belarusian linguistics and terminology were revealed: on the one hand, the orientation on Russian terminological system, on the other hand there is an intention to turn terminology to the national direction. Simultaneously internationalization of terminology, the process typical for other Slavic languages, occurs.This article demonstrates inconsistencies in the use of Belarusian terms indefinite pronoun and definite/indefinite article (and some other terms) in scientific, educational literature and in various dictionaries.The article argues that Russian terminological system prevails in education and subsequently affects the discourse of Belarusian linguistics.The author believes that another problem of Belarusian terminology is a relatively small amount of a Belarusian linguistics discourse and limited subjects of studies, which does not allow to settle the terms.In these difficult circumstances, an appeal to the experience of other Slavic languages with a more developed system of terminology and with an extensive linguistic discourse can help.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Ángel J. Gallego
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Unexplored Area ◽  
American Spanish ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
The One ◽  
Spanish Dialects

This introduction offers a summary of the antecedents, goals, and prospects of the present volume. On the one hand, it emphasizes the important role of this collection of papers. It’s the first attempt to provide a global characterization of the syntactic variation of Spanish dialects. This is a very rich, but largely unexplored, area of inquiry, a situation that is probably due to a combination of various factors: lack of theoretical tools, interest in more easily observable (lexical, phonetic, or morphological) differences, etc. On the other hand, it introduces chapters that show varying and complementary formal approaches to the study of the syntactic phenomena of both American Spanish and European Spanish dialects.

scholarly journals Characterization of products of theta divisors

2014 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 1384-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Jiang ◽  
Martí Lahoz ◽  
Sofia Tirabassi
Keyword(s):  
Euler Characteristic ◽  
Abelian Varieties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Birational Equivalence ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The One

AbstractWe study products of irreducible theta divisors from two points of view. On the one hand, we characterize them as normal subvarieties of abelian varieties such that a desingularization has holomorphic Euler characteristic $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}1$. On the other hand, we identify them up to birational equivalence among all varieties of maximal Albanese dimension. We also describe the structure of varieties $X$ of maximal Albanese dimension, with holomorphic Euler characteristic $1$ and irregularity $2\dim X-1$.

scholarly journals Counterpoint as a contentive and stylistic device in the intermedial genre (about Viktor Shenderovich’s A Flute Solo)

Literatūra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-124
Author(s):  
Eleonora Lassan
Keyword(s):  
Publishing House ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Satire ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Symbolic Value ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Stylistic Device

In 2015, Vremya Publishing House issued A Flute Solo, a book by V. Shenderovich, a multigenre and, according to the author of the article, intermedial work, since the peculiarities of the content of a political satire and a tragedy, a farce and a fantasy on the one hand and some features of musical pieces, a fugue in particular, on the other hand, have merged there. The author provides a detailed characterization of the plot, constructed as a grotesque depiction of the reality, the composition as relating a verbal text to a piece of music, and the symbolic value of certain elements, allowing not to agree to the definition of the book as being “desperately hopeless”.

scholarly journals Uniwersum poetyki. Prolegomena

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-50
Author(s):  
Ewa Szczęsna
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
The Other ◽  
Comparative Characterization ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Semiotic Systems ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One ◽  
Literature And Film

The article analyzes the influence of semiotic systems typical of various artistic discourses on the poetics of the text (especially the modeling of rhetorical figures) and the creation of textual meanings. The thesis put forward is that the comparative characterization of textual forms makes it possible, on the one hand, to extract universal mechanisms of creating meanings (constitutive features of figures – ‘genetic information’ of poetics), and on the other hand, to examine their many representations that determine the multivariance of poetics. Migrations of figure variants from one discursive environment to another cause a ‘semantic explosion’ and determine the development of discursive forms and, as a result, the dynamics of culture. This issue is shown on the example of the forms of an ellipse in art – the ways of realizing the unsolvable and solvable concealment in literature and film. Literary and cinematic procedures are analyzed, which transform the grammatical and rhetorical ellipse into an artistic strategy.

Whose Mistake? The Errors of Friendship in Cicero, La Boétie, and Montaigne

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Bizer
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Wars Of Religion ◽  
Political Extremism ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
French Wars Of Religion ◽  
It Support ◽  
The One

Focusing on Montaigne’s adaptation of Cicero’s De amicitia within his own essay “On Friendship,” this chapter reveals Montaigne’s complex reception of the “Roman error” of putting friendship before the needs of the state. Drawn to such matters in part by his friendship with Étienne de La Boétie, Montaigne, in effect, disagrees with Cicero over how to react to this error. Cicero (through his Laelius) opts to condemn it, while Montaigne finds in it support for his view of friendship, one that in turn sustains Montaigne’s moderation amid the political extremism of the French Wars of Religion. Montaigne’s rejection of Roman friendship as error on the one hand reflects his questioning of the value of ancient models for understanding the present. On the other hand, however, his characterization of ideal friendship as autotelic and autonomous can also be seen as a tacit acknowledgment that friendship among the elite is inherently political.

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