Comprehensive characterization of biological terrorism

. The article considers the complex characterization of biological terrorism as a special dangerous phenomenon, a threat to the national security of states, a crime of an international nature, a destructive mechanism that affects the change and reformatting of public relations. The complex characteristic integrates knowledge from many branches of science, includes the following elements: criminal law, criminology, criminology, and others, which are interrelated and determine measures to ensure the national security of states in the event of possible unauthorized use of biological agents. The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the project “Ethical and Legal Principles of Genomic Research: Limits of interference in human rights”, RFBR project No. 18-29-14015/20.The study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in the framework of the project “Ethical and Legal Principles of Genomic Research: Limits of interference in human rights”, RFBR project No. 18-29-14015/20.

Comparison of Graphitic Carbon Nitrides Synthetized from Melamine and Melamine-Cyanurate Complex: Characterization and Photocatalytic Decomposition of Ofloxacin and Ampicillin

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4, hereafter abbreviated as CN) was prepared by the heating of melamine (CN-M) and melamine-cyanurate complex (CN-MCA), respectively, in air at 550 °C for 4 h. The specific surface area (SSA) of CN-M and CN-MCA was 12 m2 g−1 and 225 m2g−1 and the content of oxygen was 0.62 wt.% and 1.88 wt.%, respectively. The band gap energy (Eg) of CN-M was 2.64 eV and Eg of CN-MCA was 2.73 eV. The photocatalytic activity of the CN materials was tested by means of the decomposition of antibiotics ofloxacin and ampicillin under LED irradiation of 420 nm. The activity of CN-MCA was higher due to its high SSA, which was determined based on the physisorption of nitrogen. Ofloxacin was decomposed more efficiently than ampicillin in the presence of both photocatalysts.

The Trzciniec Cultural Circle barrow from Nieciecz Włościańska in the Southern Podlasie

The societies of the Trzciniec Cultural Circle (TCC) were characterized by a complex and unique funeral rite. Despite its multidimensionality, it is possible to identify a number of patterns repeated in the ritual activity of these populations. This especially concerns barrow cemeteries erected during the classical phase of TCC development. To date, these types of structures are known from the southern (upland) provinces of this cultural formation. However, the barrow from Nieciecz Włościańska in Southern Podlasie that is comprehensively described here is the first richly equipped monument discovered in the northeastern (lowland) province of the TCC. The aim of this article is the complex characterization of the barrow and the interpretation of remains associated with the funeral rite. The authors apply standard archaeological methods supported by typochronological and radiocarbon analyzes to establish the chronology of this feature. The presented data is essential and crucial for understanding the northerneastern area of the TCC, which remains insufficiently recognized to date.

Through Scandinavia, Darkly: A Criminological Critique of Nordic Noir

Nordic noir is a popular crime genre associated with a region (Scandinavia), a narrative style (unpretentious/socially critical) and a particular aesthetic look (dark/foreboding). Renowned for its psychologically complex characterization and gloomy Mise-en-scène, and spanning best-selling crime fiction, film, and globally successful television drama, Nordic noir has mushroomed from regional niche market to international phenomenon in little more than a decade. A review of both popular and academic accounts of the genre suggest that much of Nordic noir’s appeal comes from its supposed ‘gritty’ or ‘realist’ account of Scandinavian society. This paper, however, adopts a different perspective. Drawing on cultural criminology, ultra-realism and Lacanian psychoanalytic theory, we argue that, rather than accurately reflecting the complex social and political problems currently confronting late modern Scandinavian welfare societies, Nordic noir has lost its grip on realism and any meaningful association with actual/established Scandinavian values. Instead, Nordic noir is now functioning as a displacement narrative, a form of cultural expression that allows artists, producers and their audiences to push the region’s social problems outside the realm even of the Imaginary.