Elektrische Leitfähigkeitsmessungen und Bestimmung des G(freie Ionen)-Wertes bei röntgenbestrahlten Flüssigkeiten verschiedener Molekularstruktur

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner F. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Recombination Coefficient ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Free Ions ◽  
Radiation Induced

Electrical conductivity measurements were made for the determination of G (free ions) in some hydrocarbons. The radiation source was a x-ray tube operated at 55 kV. Four quantities were measured for each liquid: 1. the stationary electrical conductivity at low electric field strength during irradiation, 2. the mobilities of the radiation-induced ions, 3. the volume recombination coefficient, and 4. the absorbed dose rate.All measurements were performed with aerated liquids at room temperature. The following G-values were obtained: n-pentane 0,1; n-hexane and n-heptane 0,09; iso-octane 0,11; cyclohexane 0,06; benzene 0,07; decalin 0,04. The standard deviation was estimated to ± 25 per cent.

Structure and Conductivity of Iodine-Doped C60 Thin Films

1994 ◽  
Vol 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Haiyan Zhang ◽  
Baoqiong Chen ◽  
Shaoqi Peng ◽  
Ning Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Room Temperature Conductivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermally Activated ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

ABSTRACTWe report here the results of our study on the properties of iodine-doped C60 thin films by IR and optical absorption, X-ray diffraction, and electrical conductivity measurements. The results show that there is no apparent structural change in the iodine-doped samples at room temperature in comparison with that of the undoped films. However, in the electrical conductivity measurements, an increase of more that one order of magnitude in the room temperature conductivity has been observed in the iodine-doped samples. In addition, while the conductivity of the undoped films shows thermally activated temperature dependence, the conductivity of the iodine-doped films was found to be constant over a fairly wide temperature range (from 20°C to 70°C) exhibiting a metallic feature.

scholarly journals [HMIM][Br9]: a Room-temperature Ionic Liquid Based on a Polybromide Anion

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1103-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Haller ◽  
Michael Hog ◽  
Franziska Scholz ◽  
Harald Scherer ◽  
Ingo Krossing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

[HMIM][Br9] ([HMIM]=1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium) has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. Conductivity measurements show a high electrical conductivity like other polybromides.

Radiation-induced polymerization by free ions. Part 2.—Electrical conductivity measurements

1967 ◽  
Vol 63 (0) ◽  
pp. 1489-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanae Hayashi ◽  
Yuzo Yamazawa ◽  
Torao Takagaki ◽  
Ffrancon Williams ◽  
Koichiro Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Free Ions ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Study on dose rate distribution inside diagnostic X-ray room by using MCNP5 code

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Loan Thi Hong Truong ◽  
Thu Thi Cam Nguyen ◽  
Hien Thi Doan ◽  
Khanh Ai Tran ◽  
Dung Thi Thuy Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Rate Distribution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Room Size ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
Mcnp5 Code

In this paper, the scattering influence on image quality and radiation safety because of changing room size was studied. To estimate the radiation safety in X-ray room, the exact determination of dose rate distribution inside the room and absorbed dose rate for patient is the first task. The authors simulated the dose rate distribution inside diagnostic X-ray room at Nhi Dong hospital with using MCNP5 code. The dependence of dose rate distribution on various peak voltages of X-ray tube was also investigated in this study

Single Crystal Growth of High-Pressure Phases of Ice and Salt Hydrate Far Below the Original Melting Point by Mixing Alcohol: Crystal Structure Determination of Magnesium Chloride Heptahydrate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishiro Yamashita ◽  
Kazuki Komatsu ◽  
Hiroyuki Kagi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Crystal Growth ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Growth Technique ◽  
Salt Hydrate ◽  
X Ray

An crystal-growth technique for single crystal x-ray structure analysis of high-pressure forms of hydrogen-bonded crystals is proposed. We used alcohol mixture (methanol: ethanol = 4:1 in volumetric ratio), which is a widely used pressure transmitting medium, inhibiting the nucleation and growth of unwanted crystals. In this paper, two kinds of single crystals which have not been obtained using a conventional experimental technique were obtained using this technique: ice VI at 1.99 GPa and MgCl<sub>2</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O at 2.50 GPa at room temperature. Here we first report the crystal structure of MgCl2·7H2O. This technique simultaneously meets the requirement of hydrostaticity for high-pressure experiments and has feasibility for further in-situ measurements.

Structure determination of the 1/1 α/β mixed lactose by X-ray powder diffraction

2005 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Lefebvre ◽  
Jean-François Willart ◽  
Vincent Caron ◽  
Ronan Lefort ◽  
Frédéric Affouard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Soft Constraints ◽  
Rietveld Refinements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mixed Compound

The mixed form of α/β lactose was obtained by heating amorphous α-lactose at 443 K. NMR spectroscopy determined the stoichiometry of this mixed compound to be 1/1. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern was recorded at room temperature with a sensitive curved detector (CPS 120). The structure was solved by real-space methods (simulated annealing) followed by Rietveld refinements with soft constraints on bond lengths and bond angles. The H atoms of the hydroxyl groups were localized by minimization of the crystalline energy. The cell of 1/1 α/β lactose is triclinic with the space group P1 and contains two molecules (one molecule of each anomer). The crystalline cohesion is achieved by networks of O—H...O hydrogen bonds. The width of the Bragg peaks is interpreted through a microstructural approach in terms of isotropic strain effects and anisotropic size effects.

scholarly journals Investigation and Modeling of the Electrical Conductivity of Graphene Nanoplatelets-Loaded Doped-Polypyrrole

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Oladipo Folorunso ◽  
Yskandar Hamam ◽  
Rotimi Sadiku ◽  
Suprakas Sinha Ray ◽  
Neeraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Graphene Nanoplatelets ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analyzer ◽  
Energy Storage Applications ◽  
Electrical Conductivity Data

In this study, a hybrid of graphene nanoplatelets with a polypyrrole having 20 wt.% loading of carbon-black (HGPPy.CB20%), has been fabricated. The thermal stability, structural changes, morphology, and the electrical conductivity of the hybrids were investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer, differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction analyzer, scanning electron microscope, and laboratory electrical conductivity device. The morphology of the hybrid shows well dispersion of graphene nanoplatelets on the surface of the PPy.CB20% and the transformation of the gravel-like PPy.CB20% shape to compact spherical shape. Moreover, the hybrid’s electrical conductivity measurements showed percolation threshold at 0.15 wt.% of the graphene nanoplatelets content and the curve is non-linear. The electrical conductivity data were analyzed by comparing different existing models (Weber, Clingerman and Taherian). The results show that Taherian and Clingerman models, which consider the aspect ratio, roundness, wettability, filler electrical conductivity, surface interaction, and volume fractions, closely described the experimental data. From these results, it is evident that Taherian and Clingerman models can be modified for better prediction of the hybrids electrical conductivity measurements. In addition, this study shows that graphene nanoplatelets are essential and have a significant influence on the modification of PPy.CB20% for energy storage applications.

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