Über die gerichtete Aufnahme des Biopterins im Organismus I.

1968 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Hanser ◽  
Heinz Rembold
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Tracheal Epithelium ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Functional Importance ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

C14 labelled Biopterin and Neopterin, when fed to larval stages of Queen and Worker bees, behave similarly and are incorporated into different organs. During metamorphosis and imaginal development, the accumulation of the radioactive pterins is found in places of high metabolic activity such as the eyes, wings, legs. They are also found in the tracheal epithelium, in the wing muscles and the ovaries. In tissues of high cellular activity the radioactivity is found in the nuclei. The concentration of the administered labelled Biopterin and Neopterin into the imaginal cuticle at the time of sclerotization and pigmentation, as well as their directed uptake by the peripheral ganglion sheath of the central nervous system points to the functional importance of these pterins as cofactors of phenylalanine hydroxylase and respectively of tryptophane hydroxylase in insects.

Increased hexokinase activity in forebrain of water-deprived and diabetes insipidus rats

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (2) ◽  
pp. R268-R273
Author(s):  
T. L. Krukoff ◽  
W. E. Turton ◽  
F. R. Calaresu
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Supraoptic Nucleus ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Fluid Regulation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Body Fluid Regulation

Metabolic studies using the 2-[14C]deoxy-D-glucose and cytochrome oxidase techniques have demonstrated changes in the activity of central sites associated with the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system in water-deprived (WD) and diabetes insipidus (DI) rats. Another method that may be used as an index of metabolic activity in discrete regions of the central nervous system is the measurement of hexokinase (HK) activity. This study describes changes in metabolic activity, as measured by HK histochemistry, in regions of the forebrain of WD and DI rats. Significant increases in HK activity measured by densitometric analysis were observed in the magnocellular component of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, supraoptic nucleus, nucleus circularis, and neurohypophysis of WD and DI rats. In addition, increased HK activity was observed in the preoptic area and subfornical organ of DI rats. These data demonstrate that metabolic changes occur in the forebrain of WD and DI rats within structures involved in body fluid regulation. The present study also demonstrates that HK histochemistry may be used as a marker of metabolic activity in discrete regions of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Cysticercosis Involving Muscle of Mastication: A Review and Report of Two Cases

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarbjeet Singh ◽  
V. Sreenivasan ◽  
Kanika Garg ◽  
Nikhel Dev Wazir ◽  
Jaspal Singh Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Temporalis Muscle ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of the parasitic cestode,Taenia solium. It is a common disease in developing countries where it is also endemic. The central nervous system (CNS) is the most important primary site of infection and the disease can present with solitary or multiple space occupying lesions. Cases of cysticercosis presenting as isolated muscle mass (pseudotumours) without involvement of the CNS have also been recently described in the literature. We present two cases who presented to us with pain, swelling, and tenderness involving the temporalis muscle along with trismus. Ultrasonography and MRI findings were suggestive of cysticercosis involving the temporalis muscle which resolved after the albendazole therapy.

Response of 6-Pyruvoyltetrahydropterin Synthase Deficiency to Tetrahydrobiopterin

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S26-S30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Al Aqeel ◽  
Pinar T. Ozand ◽  
Generoso G. Gascon ◽  
H. Hughes ◽  
Cheryl T. Reynolds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Blood Phenylalanine ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Neurotransmitter Metabolism

We have given tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in doses ranging from 2.5 to 20 mg/kg/day, each for a duration of 5 days to three patients with 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency. As small a dose as 2.5 mg/kg/day BH4 reduced the blood phenylalanine to normal levels. However, the required dose of BH4 to reduce neopterin and to increase urine biopterin was 5 to 10 mg/kg/day, while 20 mg/kg/day was required for biopterin to appear in cerebrospinal fluid. The results suggest that BH4 effectively reduces endogenous neopterin synthesis. The dose of BH4 needed to normalize liver phenylalanine hydroxylase is one eighth to one fourth that required for normal neurotransmitter metabolism in the central nervous system. (J Child Neurol 1992;7(Suppl):S26-S30).

scholarly journals A tetrahidrobiopterin (BH4)-deficientia diagnosztikája és kezelése

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (48) ◽  
pp. 1897-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Bókay
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiency ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Phenylalanine Metabolism

Abstract: Since the initial breaking discovery of Følling that the severe neurological consequences of phenylketonuria could be prevented by use of low phenylalanine (Phe) diet, it has been shortly recognised that defective phenylalanine metabolism may also arise from the deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor, required for phenylalanine-hydroxylase activity. Furthermore, as BH4 is in Phe metabolism, it is also a cofactor for the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophane hydroxylase, enzymes required for the synthesis of catecholamines and serotonin neurotransmitters. Besides hyperphenylalaninemia in patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies, dopamine and serotonin deficiencies, with different disorders of the central nervous system also develop. Mild form of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency is rare, most of the patients have severe neurological abnormalities including progressive mental retardation if not treated properly. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential and can improve the clinical course and prognosis. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(48): 1897–1902.

The relationship between size and vascularity in the spinal cord of developing Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-499
Author(s):  
R. T. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Relationship

Sterzi (1904) studied the blood vessels of the spinal cord in the embryos and adults of a comprehensive series of chordates. He suggested that the formation of new blood vessels in the developing neural tube is controlled by local variations in the metabolic activity of the nerve cells, and that the grey matter of the adult central nervous system is more vascular than the white matter because it is functionally more active. A marked increase in the vascularity of the central nervous system during development has been demonstrated by quantitative observations on rats (Craigie, 1925), guinea-pigs (Petren, 1938), mice (Gyllensten, 1959a), chickens (Williams, 1937) and toads (Sims, 1961). This increase is associated with the maturation of the neurones and no experiments have been performed which separate the production of new blood vessels and the differentiation of these cells. Experimental conditions which prevent the increased vascularity of the mammalian central nervous system during development also prevent differentiation of the neurones.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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