Composition of Lipids of Piqui (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.) Seed and Pulp Oil

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 739-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun Dresen ◽  
R. B. N. Prasad ◽  
Paul-Gerhard Gülz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sterol Fraction

Abstract The lipid composition of Piqui (Caryocar coriaceum) seed oil and pulp oil was analyzed and found to contain triacylglycerols (95.1/95.3%) as major components followed by free fatty acids (1.7/1.6%), diacylglycerols (1.6/1.5%), squalene (0.3/0.3%) and monoacylglycerols (0.1/0.1%). Phospholipids were found only in seed oil (0.2%). They were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The sterol fraction (0.1/0.1%) contained stigmasterol and β-sito-sterol. In seed oil triacylglycerols the C-53 molecular species were dominated (52.8%) follow ed by C-55 (37.7%), C-57 (6.9%) and C-51 (2.6%) in minor quantities. In pulp oil triacylglycerols C-55 (51.7%) was predominant followed by C-53 (30.6%) and C-57 (17.7%). Palmitic (16:0) and oleic (18:1) acids were always the major fatty acids in both oils. In seed oil their quantities were nearly the same, whereas in pulp oil oleic acid was predominant. Composition of Lipids of Piqui (Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.)

Composition of Lipids of Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) Seed Oil

1989 ◽  
Vol 44 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 735-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. N. Prasad ◽  
Paul-Gerhard Gülz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Sterol Fraction ◽  
Acyl Lipid ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The lipid composition of beech (Fagus sylvatica) seeds is reported in the present study. Triacylglycerols (94.8% ) were found to be the major component in the oil followed by sterols (0.9% ) diacylglycerols (0.8% ), phospholipids (0.7% ), free fatty acids (0.5% ) and monoacylglycerols (0.3% ) in minor quantities. The composition of molecular species of triacylglycerols was analyzed by GC on the basis of chain length and C-57 was found to be the major species followed by C-55, C-59, C-53 and C-61. The sterol fraction constituted β-sitosterol and stigmasterol with 89.3 and 10.7% respectively. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the two phospholipids with 55 and 45% present in the phospholipid fraction of the beech seed oil. Oleic, linoleic and palmitic acids were found to be the major fatty acids in all the acyl lipid classes with small variations in quantities.

scholarly journals High rates of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into the lipid of isolated spinach chloroplasts

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Roughan ◽  
C R Slack ◽  
R Holland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Spinach Chloroplasts ◽  
Triton X

Spinach chloroplasts, isolated by techniques yielding preparations with high O2- evolving activity, showed rates of light-dependent acetate incorporation into lipids 3-4 fold higher than any previously reported. Incorporation rates as high as 500 nmol of acetate/h per mg of chlorophyll were measured in buffered sorbitol solutions containing only NaHCO3 and [1-14C]acetate, and as high as 800 nmol/h per mg of chlorophyll when 0.13 mM-Triton X-100 was also included in the reaction media. The fatty acids synthesized were predominantly oleic (70-80% of the total fatty acid radioactivity) and palmitic (20-25%) with only minor amounts (1-5%) of linoleic acid. Linolenic acid synthesis was not detected in the system in vitro. Free fatty acids accounted for 70-90% of the radioactivity incorporated and the remainder was shared fairly evenly between 1,2-diacylglycerols and polar lipids. Oleic acid constituted 80-90% of the free fatty acids synthesized, but the diacylglycerols and polar lipids contained slightly more palmitic acid than oleic acid. Triton X-100 stimulated the synthesis of diacylglycerols 3-6 fold, but stimulated free fatty acid synthesis only 1-1.5-fold. Added glycerol 1-phosphate stimulated both the synthesis of diacylglycerols and palmitic acid relative to oleic acid, but did not increase acetate incorporation into total chloroplast lipids. CoA and ATP, when added separately, stimulated acetate incorporation into chloroplast lipids to variable extents and had no effect on the types of lipid synthesized, but when added together resulted in 34% of the incorporated acetate appearing in long-chain acyl-CoA. Pyruvate was a much less effective precursor of chloroplast fatty acids than was acetate.

Free fatty acid concentration and composition in arterial blood

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Rothlin ◽  
Christine B. Rothlin ◽  
Vernon E. Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acid Concentration ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Concentration ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Palmitic Acids

The effect of the administration of norepinephrine, glucose and insulin, pentobarbital, and Hypertensin on the arterial concentration and composition of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) has been studied in man and dog. With a rise of the FFA concentration as produced by norepinephrine, the contribution of oleic acid to the total FFA increased, while that of stearic and palmitic acids decreased. The reverse changes in the FFA composition were observed when their arterial level fell under the influence of other agents studied. The FFA composition was dependent on the FFA concentration in arterial blood, but not on the experimental condition of the subject or animal at the time of analysis. At high FFA levels, the FFA composition approached that of depot fat.

Control of plasma levels of growth hormone, glucagon and insulin in ducklings: roles of free fatty acids and somatostatin

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Foltzer ◽  
M. Th. Strosser ◽  
S. Harvey ◽  
P. Mialhe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin ◽  
Somatostatin 14

ABSTRACT The effects of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and somatostatin-14 (S-14) on concentrations of plasma GH, glucagon and insulin were investigated in juvenile ducks. Oleic acid, S-14 or both were infused into 4- to 7-week-old birds and plasma GH, glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI), immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and FFA were measured. An increase in plasma GH and a decrease in GLI but no change in IRI was observed after infusion of 9 mg oleic acid/kg per min. A decrease in plasma GH, FFA and IRI and an increase in plasma GLI was seen after infusion of 800 ng S–14/kg per min. These effects of S-14 on IRI and GLI were abolished when S-14 was infused simultaneously with oleic acid. It is concluded that FFA have a direct stimulatory effect on GH secretion and an inhibitory effect on glucagon secretion. Somatostatin-14 directly inhibits the secretion of GH and its stimulatory effect on the secretion of glucagon is mediated by a depression in concentrations of plasma FFA. Finally, S-14 has no effect on plasma insulin when basal levels of plasma FFA are maintained. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 21–25

39 LIPID FINGERPRINTING OF INDIVIDUAL BOVINE BLASTOCYSTS BY DESORPTION IONIZATION ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 132 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Ferreira ◽  
L. S. Eberlin ◽  
J. E. Hallett ◽  
R. G. Cooks
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Desi Ms ◽  
Complex Lipids

Mass spectrometry (MS) allows the detection and structural characterisation of intact molecules such as fatty acids and complex lipids. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique used for MS analysis and profiling and imaging of drugs, metabolites and lipids directly from biological samples with no sample preparation. With the recent introduction of morphologically friendly DESI-MS solvent systems, it is also possible to acquire DESI-MS data non-destructively. Due to the extractive nature of these solvent combinations, enough ion intensity can be generated to chemically profile samples of microscopic dimensions. The objective of this work was to perform chemical profiling on intact bovine blastocysts by DESI-MS, focusing on lipid distributions. Blastocysts produced in vitro were washed 3 times in PBS + 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol to remove lipids present in the culture medium, were placed in PBS/methanol 50% and stored under –20°C for 1 week. For DESI-MS analysis, the embryos were simply placed in glass slides and allowed to dry at room temperature. Mass spectra were acquired in the negative ion mode at the mass/charge range from m/z 150 to 1000, using as solvents a combination of 1:1 (vol/vol) ethanol:dimethylformamide (DMF) or acetonitrile:DMF. The mass spectrometer used was a LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer controlled by Xcalibur 2.0 software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA). The lipid species detected included deprotonated free fatty acids such as palmitic acid (m/z 255.2), stearic acid (m/z 283.2), arachidonic acid (m/z 311.2) and docosanoic acid (m/z 339.3). Free fatty acid dimers appear in the region from m/z 500 to 650 and complex lipids represented mainly by glycerophospholipid classes appear in the region from m/z 700 to 1000 and include phosphatidylinositols (PI 38:1; m/z 788.7), phosphatidylserines (PS 36:1, m/z 885.7) and also the chlorinated phosphatidylcholines (PC 36:1; m/z 794.7). After recording the mass spectra, embryos could still be observed in the glass slide with evident dehydration due to the action of the organic solvent. Since lipid composition of bovine embryos is closely related to cryosensitivity and due to the limited amount of analytes (each embryo is estimated to have a mass of 15 pg of total lipids) lipid analysis usually involves the pooling of individuals to have a large enough amount of analytes. Traditionally, gas chromatography is used for fatty acid residue analysis in oocytes and embryos pooled are submitted to lipid extraction and derivatization. Mass spectrometry by DESI, however, allows direct analysis of intact and single embryos and the profiling of not only free fatty acids but also complex lipids, represented mainly by 3 glycerophospholipid classes (PC, PI and PS). We envisage that DESI-MS will likely become a routine tool for the analysis of lipid composition in mammalian embryos and will contribute significantly to the development of culture systems that produce embryos with higher cryoresistance. Support from the Purdue University Center for Cancer Research Small Grants Program is gratefully acknowledged.

Interaction of free fatty acids with the erythrocyte membrane as affected by hyperthermia and ionizing radiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rybczynska ◽  
Adam Csordas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Osmotic Resistance ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Hypotonic Hemolysis ◽  
Maximum Protection

The interference of hyperthermia and ionizing radiation, respectively, with the effects of capric (10:0), lauric (12:0), myristic (14:0), oleic (cis-18:1) and elaidic (trans-18:1) acids on the osmotic resistance of human erythrocytes was investigated. The results are summarized as follows: (A) not only at 37°, but also at 42° and 47°C lauric acid (12:0) represents the minimum chain length for the biphasic behaviour of protecting against hypotonic hemolysis at a certain lower concentration range and hemolysis promotion at subsequent higher concentrations; (B) with increasing temperatures the protecting as well as the hemolytic effects occur at lower concentrations of the fatty acids; (C) the increase of temperature promotes the extent of hemolysis and reduces the extent of protection against hypotonic hemolysis; (D) Gamma-irradiation of erythrocytes selectively affects the concentration of oleic acid at which maximum protection against hypotonic hemolysis occurs, without altering the minimum concentration for 100% hemolysis.

Effect of External Lipids on the Process of Wool Yellowing

1992 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 580-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Wojciechowska ◽  
Anna Pielesz ◽  
Andrzej Wlochowicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Ester Fraction

We have made an analysis of the lipids deposited on the surface of wool staple fibers divided into tip and base sections prior to investigation. The analysis is limited to a determination of free fatty acids and the ester fraction by gas chromatography and mass spectrography. The findings show that the changes in lipid composition, both quantitative and qualitative, depend on the location from which the lipids have been sampled.

Biodiesel production from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) seed oil with a high content of free fatty acids

Fuel ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 2671-2675 ◽  
Author(s):  
V VELJKOVIC ◽  
S LAKICEVIC ◽  
O STAMENKOVIC ◽  
Z TODOROVIC ◽  
M LAZIC
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L

scholarly journals Alkali-catalyzed Transesterification of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) Seed Oil for Biodiesel Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Eman H. Ahmed ◽  
Azhari H. Nour ◽  
Omer A. Omer Ishag ◽  
Abdurahman H. Nour
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Proper Size ◽  
Oil Density ◽  
Astm D6751

The need of energy never comes to an end so; the challenge is to procure power source sufficient to offer for our energy needs. Besides, this energy source must be dependable, renewable, recurring and non-contributing to climate change. Aims: This study was aimed to produce biodiesel from Roselle seed oil and to investigate its quality.  Methodology: The Roselle seeds were clean from dirt, milled to proper size and the oil was extracted using soxhlet with n-hexane as solvent. The extracted oil was subjected to physiochemical analysis tests and then transesterified using methanol and potassium hydroxide as catalyst; with ratio of oil to alcohol 1:8 at 65°C. The quality of produced biodiesel was investigated and compared to international standards. The fatty acid composition of the produced biodiesel was determined by GC-MS. Results: Based on the experimental results, the yellow with characteristic odor oil was obtained from the seeds had the following physicochemical properties: yield, 12.65%; refractive index (25°C), 1.467 m ; free fatty acids, 5.5%; saponification value, 252 mg KOH/g of oil; density, 0.915 g/mL and ester value, 241 mgKOH/g. Also the biodiesel yield achieved was 96%, with density, 0.80 g/mL; API, 44.63; Kinematics viscosity @ 40˚C, 0.742; Pour point, < -51˚C; and Micro Carbon Residual (MCR), 0.65%; which conformed to the range of ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standard specifications. However, the GC-MS analysis result revealed that the biodiesel produced was methyl ester and free other undesired products such as linoleic acid (33%), elaidic acid (29%) and palmitic acid (17%) and other biomolecules. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, Roselle seed oil had potential for biodiesel production due to its high contains of free fatty acids. Therefore, in the future, more investigations in alcohol: oil ratio and the concentration of catalyst may be warranted to increase the yield much more.

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